- Preparation method of indole-2-formic acid derivative
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The invention discloses a preparation method of an indole-2-formic acid derivative, wherein the preparation method comprises the steps: by using an oxazolone compound as a raw material, carrying out areaction in an organic solvent at the temperature of 70-150 DEG C under the action of alcohol, alkali and a catalyst, tracking by TLC until the raw material is completely reacted, and separating andpurifying the obtained reaction solution to obtain the indole-2-formic acid derivative. The technology is adopted, the target product indole-2-formic acid derivative is prepared by taking an oxazolonecompound as a raw material through one-pot reaction under the action of alcohol, alkali and a catalyst, so that direct conversion from an oxazolone ring to an indole ring is realized, reaction stepsand an intermediate process are reduced, and the method has the characteristics of cheap raw materials, environmental friendliness and the like, and is suitable for industrial production.
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Paragraph 0043-0045
(2020/07/14)
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- Synthesis method of indole-2-carboxylic acid and derivative thereof
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The invention relates to a synthesis method of indole-2-carboxylic acid and a derivative thereof, belonging to the field of organic synthesis. In the synthesis method, the indole-2-carboxylic acid isprepared through two steps of reaction with phenylhydrazine hydrochloride and ethyl pyruvate as raw materials and sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The synthesis method has a short process and uses fewer raw materials, the total yield of indole-2-carboxylic acid reaches 70% or above. The method can synthesize both indole-2-carboxylic acid and the derivative thereof, thereby being suitable for industrial production.
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Paragraph 0043; 0050-0053
(2019/02/21)
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- Synthesis, and evaluation of in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of 14-substituted oridonin analogs: A novel and potent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis inducer through the p53-MDM2 pathway
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A series of novel oridonin derivatives bearing various substituents on the 14-OH position were designed and synthesised. Their antitumour activity was evaluated in vitro against three human cancer cell lines (HCT116, BEL7402, and MCF7). Most tested derivatives showed improved anti-proliferative activity compared to the lead compound oridonin and the positive control drug 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu). Among them, compound C7 (IC50 = 0.16 μM) exhibited the most potent anti-proliferative activity against HCT116 cells; it was about 43- and 155-fold more efficacious than that of oridonin (IC50 = 6.84 μM) and 5-Fu (IC50 = 24.80 μM) in HCT116 cancer cells. Interestingly, the IC50 value of compound C7 in L02 normal cells was 23.6-fold higher than that in HCT116 cells; it exhibited better selective anti-proliferative activity and specificity than oridonin and 5-Fu. Furthermore, compound C7 possibly induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by regulating the p53-MDM2 signalling pathway. Notably, C7 displayed more significant suppression of tumour growth than oridonin in colon tumour xenograft models where the tumour growth inhibition rate was 85.82%. Therefore, compound C7 could be a potential lead compound for the development of a novel antitumour agent.
- Shen, Qing-Kun,Deng, Hao,Wang, Shi-Ben,Tian, Yu-Shun,Quan, Zhen-Shan
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- 1H-indole-2-carboxamide derivative and preparation method and applications thereof
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The invention belongs to the technical field of medicine, and discloses a 1H-indole-2-carboxamide derivative of a formula (I) and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method includes the following steps: a compound of a formula (II) and sodium hydroxide are subjected to a hydrolysis reaction to synthetize a compound of a formula (III); the compound of the formula (III) and H2NR2 are subjected to an amidation reaction to synthetize a compound of a formula (IV); the compound of the formula (IV) and halogenated R1 are subjected to a nucleophilic substitution reaction to synthetize a compound of a formula (V); the compound of the formula (V) and a selectfluor are subjected to an electrophilic substitution reaction to synthetize a compound of a compound (VI), and the compound of the formula (VI) and the halogenated R1 are subjected to the nucleophilic substitution reaction to synthetize the compound of the formula (I). The 1H-indole-2-carboxamide derivative of the formula (I) is aagonist with high affinity, selectivity and activity for CB2 receptors, and can be potentially used for treating a plurality of diseases such as multiple sclerosis, autoimmune diseases, osteoporosis,arthralgia, inflammatory pain, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Paragraph 0125; 0126; 0129; 0130
(2018/12/05)
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- Halogen–metal exchange on bromoheterocyclics with substituents containing an acidic proton via formation of a magnesium intermediate
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A selective and practical bromine–metal exchange on bromoheterocyclics bearing substituents with an acidic proton under non-cryogenic conditions was developed by a simple modification of an existing protocol. Our protocol of using a combination of i-PrMgCl and n-BuLi has not only solved the problem of intermolecular quenching that often occurred when using alkyl lithium alone as the reagent for halogen–lithium exchange, but also offered a highly selective method for performing bromo–metal exchange on dibrominated arene compounds through chelation effect.
- Tian, Qingqiang,Shang, Suqin,Wang, Huajun,Shi, Guoqiang,Li, Zhiyao,Yuan, Jianyong
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supporting information
(2017/12/05)
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- Structure-based design and biological evaluation of novel 2-(indol-2-yl) thiazole derivatives as xanthine oxidase inhibitors
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Inhibition of xanthine oxidase (XO) has obviously been a central concept for controlling hyperuricemia, which causes serious and painful inflammatory arthritis disease such as gout. We discovered a series of novel 2-(indol-2-yl)thiazole derivatives as XO inhibitors at the level of nanomolar activity. Structure-guided design using molecular modeling program (Accelrys Software program) provided an excellent basis for optimization of 2-(indol-2-yl)thiazole compounds. Structure-activity relationship indicated that hydrophobic alkoxy group (isopropoxy, cyclopentoxy) at 5-position and hydrogen binding acceptor (NO2, CN) at 7-position of indole ring appear as critical functional groups. Among the compounds, 2-(7-nitro-5-isopropoxy-indol-2-yl)-4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylic acid (9m) exhibits the most potent XO inhibitory activity (IC50value: 5.1 nM) and the excellent uric acid lowering activity in potassium oxonate induced hyperuricemic rat model.
- Song, Jeong Uk,Jang, Jae Wan,Kim, Tae Hun,Park, Heuisul,Park, Wan Su,Jung, Sang-Hun,Kim, Geun Tae
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p. 950 - 954
(2016/05/24)
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- Synthesis of 3,3-Dihalo-2-oxindoles from 2-Substituted Indoles via Halogenation–Decarboxylation/Desulfonamidation–Oxidation Process
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A novel one-pot reaction which combines halogenation, decarboxylation/desulfonamidation with oxidation has been developed. Diverse valuable 3,3-dihalo-2-oxindole compounds can be produced rapidly and safely with isolated yields of up to 98% under mild conditions. (Figure presented.).
- Jiang, Xiaojian,Zhang, Feng,Yang, Junjie,Yu, Pei,Yi, Peng,Sun, Yewei,Wang, Yuqiang
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supporting information
p. 3938 - 3942
(2016/12/30)
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- Metal-free synthesis of fluorinated indoles enabled by oxidative dearomatization
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Nitrogen heterocycles are found in a majority of approved small-molecule pharmaceuticals, and the number of approved fluorinated drugs is increasing each decade. Therefore, new approaches for accessing fluorinated nitrogen heterocycles are of great significance. A novel, scalable, and metal-free method for accessing a wide range of fluorinated indoles is described. This oxidative-dearomatization-enabled approach assembles 2-trifluoromethyl NH-indole products from simple commercially available anilines with hexafluoroacetylacetone in the presence of an organic oxidant. The nature of the aniline N-capping group is critical for the success of this new reaction. Furthermore, the indole products contain a 3-trifluoroacetyl group, which can be exploited to access a plethora of useful functional groups.
- Vitaku, Edon,Smith, David T.,Njardarson, Jon T.
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supporting information
p. 2243 - 2247
(2016/02/18)
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- Palladium-catalyzed intramolecular decarboxylative coupling of arene carboxylic acids/esters with aryl bromides
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Give me a ring? An efficient approach has been developed for the intramolecular decarboxylative coupling of arene carboxylic acids/esters with aryl bromides catalyzed by palladium (see scheme). From a synthetic viewpoint, this method is highly attractive because the catalyst loading is low, the optimized reaction conditions are mild, and the substrate scope is broad. Copyright
- Shen, Zengming,Ni, Zhenjie,Mo, Song,Wang, Jing,Zhu, Yamin
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 4859 - 4865
(2012/06/04)
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- INDOLE DERIVATIVES AND DRUGS CONTAINING THE SAME
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An indole derivative represented by the following general formula (1) : wherein at least one of R1, R2, R3, and R4 represents an alkoxy group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and other groups of the R1, R2, R3, and R4 represent hydrogen, an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, acetyl group, or hydroxyl group; and either one of X and Y represents -(CH2)nOH wherein n is an integer of 0 to 30, and the other one of the X and Y represents hydrogen atom; or a salt thereof; and a drug and an agent for promoting differentiation of a stem cell containing such indole derivative or its salt as an effective component. The indole derivative (1) of the present invention has action of inducing differentiation of neural stem cell specifically into a neuron, and this indole derivative is useful as a prophylactic or therapeutic drug for brain dysfunction or neuropathy caused by loss or degeneration of the neuron.
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Page/Page column 8
(2010/02/11)
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- Effects of indole fatty alcohols on the differentiation of neural stem cell derived neurospheres
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In a search for inducers of neuronal differentiation to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, a series of indole fatty alcohols (IFAs) were prepared, 13c (n = 18) was able to promote the differentiation of neural stem cell derived neurospheres into neurons at a concentration of 10 nM. Analysis of the expression of the Notch pathway genes in neurospheres treated during the differentiation phase with 13c (n = 18) revealed a significant decrease in the transcription of the Notch 4 receptor.
- Coowar, Djalil,Bouissac, Julien,Hanbali, Mazen,Paschaki, Marie,Mohier, Eliane,Luu, Bang
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p. 6270 - 6282
(2007/10/03)
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- SUBSTITUTED (AMINOIMINOMETHYL OR AMINOMETHYL) BENZOHETEROARYL COMPOUNDS
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This invention is directed to an (aminoiminomethyl or aminomethyl) benzoheteroaryl compound of formula I which is useful for inhibiting the activity of Factor Xa by combining said compound with a composition containing Factor Xa. The present invention is also directed to compositions containing compounds of the formula I, methods for their preparation, their use, such as in inhibiting the formation of thrombin or for treating a patient suffering from, or subject to, a disease state associated with a physiologically detrimental excess amount of thrombin.
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- Process development of 5-methoxy-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid from ethyl 2-methylmalonate
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Development is described of a new process for the preparation from malonates of 5-methoxy-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid esters, useful intermediates in the synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds. The process uses readily available starting materials, produces little waste, can be operated safely on at least 1 molar scale, and gives high yields. The main areas of optimization included the azo coupling of a diazonium salt with malonate derivatives, the Japp-Klingemann rearrangement, and the Fischer indole synthesis.
- Bessard, Yves
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p. 214 - 220
(2013/09/08)
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- Substituent Effects on the Spectral, Acid-Base, and Redox Properties of Indolyl Radicals: A Pulse Radiolysis Study
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Spectral and acid-base properties and reduction potentials of various substituted indolyl radicals were studied by pulse radiolysis in aqueous solutions at 20 deg C.Except for the 5-methoxyindolyl and 5-carboxyindolyl radicals, the spectra of the substituted indolyl radicals resemble the previously published 320- and 520-nm spectra of the neutral and 330- and 580-nm spectra of the cation indolyl and tryptophan radicals.The substitution of indolyl radical cation by electron-attracting groups (positive ?+) results in a blue shift of the 580-nm band by ca. 30 nm,, whereas the spectra of methylindolyl (?+ = -0.31) are similar to those of unsubstituted indolyl radicals.The 430- and 455-nm bands appearing in the spectra of the 5-carboxyindolyl and 5-methoxyindolyl radical cations, respectively, indicate even stronger interaction of the unpaired electron with the 5-substituent.The radical cations of various indole-3-acetic acids decarboxylate at pH values below their pKa to produce allyl radicals.The 5-bromoindolyl radical undergoes solvolysis to 5-hydroxyindolyl radical in acidic and alkaline media.The dissociation constants and reduction potentials of the substituted indolyl radicals correlate with the Brown substituent constants: pKr = 4.14 - 2.13Σ?+, correlation coefficient 0.987, and E0/0.059 = 22.29 + 3.5Σ?+, correlation coefficient 0.980.The ρ values from these correlations (-2.13 and 3.5) are similar to that of the Hammett correlation of the dissociation constants of the protonated indole nitrogen in various substituted indoles, ρ = -2.49, but smaller than the ρ value of the dependence on the substituent of the reduction potentials of phenoxyl radicals, ρ = 5.4.
- Jovanovic, Slobodan V.,Steenken, Steen
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p. 6674 - 6679
(2007/10/02)
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- Acetylenic and allenic derivatives of 2-(5-methoxyindolyl)methylamine: synthesis and evaluation as selective inhibitors of the monoamine oxidases A and B
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A series of acetylenic and allenic derivatives of 2-(5-methoxyindolyl)methylamine has been synthesized.The new compounds were studied as inhibitors of the A and B forms of the mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (MAO) from bovine brain, using (14)C-tyramine as the substrate and clorgyline and l-deprenyl as references.All the studied compounds were MAO inhibitors.However, these compounds either did not show selectivity (compounds 3a-3d, 4c, 4e, 4m and 4o) or they were selective for MAO-A (compounds 4a, 4b, 4d, 4f-4l, 4n and 4p).Some of the compounds showed a similar inhibitory potency for MAO-A and lower for MAO-B than clorgyline and the higher selectivity for MAO-A was about 2.5 times that of clorgyline.Selectivity was shown only by acetylenic and allenic potent inhibitors, but no simple relationship between inhibitory potency and selectivity was found.
- Cruces, M. A.,Elorriaga, C.,Fernandez-Alvarez, E.,Lopez, O. Nieto
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p. 257 - 265
(2007/10/02)
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