- Identification of First-in-Class Inhibitors of Kallikrein-Related Peptidase 6 That Promote Oligodendrocyte Differentiation
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that causes severe motor, sensory, and cognitive impairments. Kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK)6 is the most abundant serine protease secreted in the CNS, mainly by oligodendrocytes, the myelin-producing cells of the CNS, and KLK6 is assumed to be a robust biomarker of MS, since it is highly increased in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of MS patients. Here, we report the design and biological evaluation of KLK6's low-molecular-weight inhibitors, para-aminobenzyl derivatives. Interestingly, selected hit compounds were selective of the KLK6 proteolytic network encompassing KLK1 and plasmin that also participate in the development of MS physiopathology. Moreover, hits were found noncytotoxic on primary cultures of murine neurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Among them, two compounds (32 and 42) were shown to promote the differentiation of OPCs into mature oligodendrocytes in vitro constituting thus emerging leads for the development of regenerative therapies.
- A?t Amiri, Sabrina,Deboux, Cyrille,Soualmia, Feryel,Chaaya, Nancy,Louet, Maxime,Duplus, Eric,Betuing, Sandrine,Nait Oumesmar, Brahim,Masurier, Nicolas,El Amri, Chahrazade
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p. 5667 - 5688
(2021/05/29)
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- Ligand-Controlled Regiodivergence in Nickel-Catalyzed Hydroarylation and Hydroalkenylation of Alkenyl Carboxylic Acids**
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A nickel-catalyzed regiodivergent hydroarylation and hydroalkenylation of unactivated alkenyl carboxylic acids is reported, whereby the ligand environment around the metal center dictates the regiochemical outcome. Markovnikov hydrofunctionalization products are obtained under mild ligand-free conditions, with up to 99 % yield and >20:1 selectivity. Alternatively, anti-Markovnikov products can be accessed with a novel 4,4-disubstituted Pyrox ligand in excellent yield and >20:1 selectivity. Both electronic and steric effects on the ligand contribute to the high yield and selectivity. Mechanistic studies suggest a change in the turnover-limiting and selectivity-determining step induced by the optimal ligand. DFT calculations reveal that in the anti-Markovnikov pathway, repulsion between the ligand and the alkyl group is minimized (by virtue of it being 1° versus 2°) in the rate- and regioselectivity-determining transmetalation transition state.
- Deng, Ruohan,Engle, Keary M.,Fu, Yue,Gao, Yang,Li, Zi-Qi,Liu, Peng,Tran, Van T.
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supporting information
p. 23306 - 23312
(2020/10/19)
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- Directed palladium(II)-catalyzed intermolecular anti-markovnikov hydroarylation of unactivated alkenes with (hetero)arylsilanes
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We describe herein a regioselective palladium(II)catalyzed intermolecular hydroarylation of unactivated aliphatic alkenes with electronically and sterically diverse (hetero)arylsilanes under redox-neutral conditions. A removable bidentate 8-amino-quinoline auxiliary was readily employed to dictate the regioselectivity, prevent β-hydride elimination, and facilitate protodepalladation. This silicon-based protocol features a broad substrate scope with excellent functional group compatibility and enables an expeditious route to a variety of γ-aryl butyric acid derivatives in good yields with exclusive anti-Markovnikov selectivity.
- Lu, Ming-Zhu,Loh, Teck-Peng,Luo, Haiqing,Hu, Zhengsong,Shao, Changdong,Kan, Yuhe
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p. 9022 - 9028
(2020/12/02)
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- Synthesis of Novel Pterocarpen Analogues via [3?+?2] Coupling-Elimination Cascade of α,α-Dicyanoolefins with Quinone Monoimines
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By employing triethylamine as a catalyst, [3?+?2] coupling-elimination cascade of α,α-dicyanoolefins with quinone monoimines was realized. The reactions afforded various novel pterocarpen analogues with generally moderate yields (up to 75%). In addition, a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed.
- Chen, Hui,Zhao, Sihan,Cheng, Shaobing,Dai, Xingjie,Xu, Xiaoying,Yuan, Weicheng,Zhang, Xiaomei
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p. 1672 - 1683
(2019/04/08)
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- Cooperative iodine and photoredox catalysis for direct oxidative lactonization of carboxylic acids
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A new method for the formation of γ- and δ-lactones from carboxylic acids through direct conversion of benzylic C-H to C-O bonds is described. The reaction is conveniently induced by visible light and relies on a mild cooperative catalysis by the combination of molecular iodine and an organic dye.
- Duhamel, Thomas,Mu?iz, Kilian
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p. 933 - 936
(2019/01/23)
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- Combined Photoredox/Enzymatic C?H Benzylic Hydroxylations
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Chemical transformations that install heteroatoms into C?H bonds are of significant interest because they streamline the construction of value-added small molecules. Direct C?H oxyfunctionalization, or the one step conversion of a C?H bond to a C?O bond, could be a highly enabling transformation due to the prevalence of the resulting enantioenriched alcohols in pharmaceuticals and natural products,. Here we report a single-flask photoredox/enzymatic process for direct C?H hydroxylation that proceeds with broad reactivity, chemoselectivity and enantioselectivity. This unified strategy advances general photoredox and enzymatic catalysis synergy and enables chemoenzymatic processes for powerful and selective oxidative transformations.
- Betori, Rick C.,May, Catherine M.,Scheidt, Karl A.
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p. 16490 - 16494
(2019/11/03)
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- Carbonylative Transformation of Allylarenes with CO Surrogates: Tunable Synthesis of 4-Arylbutanoic Acids, 2-Arylbutanoic Acids, and 4-Arylbutanals
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In this Communication, procedures for the selective synthesis of 4-arylbutanoic acids, 2-arylbutanoic acids, and 4-arylbutanals from the same allylbenzenes have been developed. With formic acid or TFBen as the CO surrogate, reactions proceed selectively and effectively under carbon monoxide gas-free conditions.
- Wu, Fu-Peng,Li, Da,Peng, Jin-Bao,Wu, Xiao-Feng
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supporting information
p. 5699 - 5703
(2019/08/01)
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- An Electrophilic Trifluoromethylthiolation of Silylenol Ethers and β-Naphthols with Diethylaminosulfur Trifluoride and (Trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane
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An efficient and general trifluoromethylthiolation of silylenol ethers and β-naphthols have been accomplished employing the combination of diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST) and (trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane (CF3TMS) as source of electrophilic trifluoromethylthio moiety for the synthesis of α-trifluoromethylthiolated carbonyl compounds and β-naphthols in good yields. Important features of this method include wide functional group tolerance and use of readily available DAST/CF3TMS. Potential of the methodology was demonstrated via the synthesis of α-trifluoromethylthiolated (+)-4-cholesten-3-one and naphthoquinone. (Figure presented.).
- Saravanan, Perumal,Anbarasan, Pazhamalai
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p. 2894 - 2899
(2018/08/17)
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- Metal-Free Enantioselective Oxidative Arylation of Alkenes: Hypervalent-Iodine-Promoted Oxidative C?C Bond Formation
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The enantioselective oxyarylation of (E)-6-aryl-1-silyloxylhex-3-ene was achieved using a lactate-based chiral hypervalent iodine(III) reagent in the presence of boron trifluoride diethyl etherate. The silyl ether promotes the oxidative cyclization, and enhances the enantioselectivity. In addition, the corresponding aminoarylation was achieved.
- Shimogaki, Mio,Fujita, Morifumi,Sugimura, Takashi
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supporting information
p. 15797 - 15801
(2016/12/16)
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- Highly enantioselective [3+2] coupling of cyclic enamides with quinone monoimines promoted by a chiral phosphoric acid
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Enantioselective [3+2] coupling of cyclic enamides with quinone monoimines was realised using a chiral phosphoric acid as a catalyst. This transformation allowed for the synthesis of highly enantioenriched polycyclic 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans (up to 99.9% ee). The absolute configuration of one product was determined by an X-ray crystal structural analysis. We also found a possible mechanism for this reaction.
- Zhang, Minmin,Yu, Shuowen,Hu, Fangzhi,Liao, Yijun,Liao, Lihua,Xu, Xiaoying,Yuan, Weicheng,Zhang, Xiaomei
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p. 8757 - 8760
(2016/07/15)
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- Design and synthesis of novel lactate dehydrogenase a inhibitors by fragment-based lead generation
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Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate, utilizing NADH as a cofactor. It has been identified as a potential therapeutic target in the area of cancer metabolism. In this manuscript we report our progress using fragment-based lead generation (FBLG), assisted by X-ray crystallography to develop small molecule LDHA inhibitors. Fragment hits were identified through NMR and SPR screening and optimized into lead compounds with nanomolar binding affinities via fragment linking. Also reported is their modification into cellular active compounds suitable for target validation work.
- Ward, Richard A.,Brassington, Claire,Breeze, Alexander L.,Caputo, Alessandro,Critchlow, Susan,Davies, Gareth,Goodwin, Louise,Hassall, Giles,Greenwood, Ryan,Holdgate, Geoffrey A.,Mrosek, Michael,Norman, Richard A.,Pearson, Stuart,Tart, Jonathan,Tucker, Julie A.,Vogtherr, Martin,Whittaker, David,Wingfield, Jonathan,Winter, Jon,Hudson, Kevin
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p. 3285 - 3306
(2012/06/01)
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- The conformational diastereomers of 7-substituted-(8Z)-8-chloro-6,7- dihydro-9-(1,2-dihydronaphthalen-4-yl)-5H-benzo[7]annulene derivatives, the question of atropisomerism versus ring inversion
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Conformational diastereomers of 7-substituted-(8Z)-8-chloro-6,7-dihydro-9- (1,2-dihydro- naphthalen-4-yl)-5H-benzo[7]annulene 1 are observed at room temperature in solution. Two conformational processes are possible in 1, i.e. atropisomerism around the sp2-sp2 pivot bond and ring inversion of cycloheptadiene moiety which together provide four minima structures. The 3J calculation by Haasnoot equation on optimized structures is accordance with the 7-substituents in pseudo equatorial (exo) position in both forms. The barrier to conformational process is determined by dynamic 1H-NMR spectroscopy to be δG≠(365K)=74.5±0.5 kJ/mol. Solvent dependent populations of the two forms are studied in DMSO-d6 and CDCl3, the population ratio is not sensitive to solvent polarity. ARKAT USA, Inc.
- Ranjbar, Parviz Rashidi,Roshan, Hamid
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scheme or table
p. 40 - 53
(2010/10/03)
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- The marked difference in conformational behavior of the two diastereomers of 7-substituted-1,1-dichloro-7b-((Z)-8-chloro-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-9- yl)-1a,2,3,7b-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[a]naphthalene, single crystal X-ray, 1H NMR and AM1 studies
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The 7-substituted of 1 and 2 were synthesized and conformational analysis carried out. While 7-substituted of 2 show two conformers in solution, 7-substituted of 1 show only one form in solution. AM1 semi-empirical molecular orbital calculations show that the conformation of cycloheptadiene ring in 1 and 2 is a twist boat form. In this conformation, the C-7 substituents can be oriented in pseudo equatorial (exo) and pseudo axial (endo) positions. The 3J calculation with Haasnoot equation on optimized structure of 2 reproduces the observed 3J coupling constants in exo and endo forms. Ring inversion of cycloheptadiene moiety in substituted 2 interconvert the e′-a′ (exo-endo) positions. The 3J calculation on optimized structure of 1 shows that 7-substitution is in pseudo equatorial (exo) direction, as found in the crystal structure of 1a by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The barrier to ring inversion in 2a is determined by dynamic 1H NMR spectroscopy to be ΔG≠(335K) = 68.0 ± 0.5 kJ/mol.
- Roshan, Hamid,Rashidi-Ranjbar, Parviz
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experimental part
p. 59 - 65
(2011/01/10)
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- Discovery of a highly orally bioavailable c-5-[6-(4-Methanesulfonyloxyphenyl)hexyl]-2-methyl-1,3-dioxane-r-2-carbo xylic acid as a potent hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic agent
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A series of novel 1,3-dioxane-2-carboxylic acid derivatives containing alkyl chain tether and substituted phenyl group as a lipophilic tail have been prepared as agonists of PPARα and γ. c-5-[6-(4-Methanesulfonyloxyphenyl)hexyl]-2-methyl-1,3-dioxane-r-2-carbo xylic acid 13c exhibited potent hypoglycemic and lipid lowering activity with high oral bioavailability in animal models.
- Pingali, Harikishore,Jain, Mukul,Shah, Shailesh,Basu, Sujay,Makadia, Pankaj,Goswami, Amitgiri,Zaware, Pandurang,Patil, Pravin,Godha, Atul,Giri, Suresh,Goel, Ashish,Patel, Megha,Patel, Harilal,Patel, Pankaj
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scheme or table
p. 5586 - 5590
(2009/06/18)
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- Direct synthesis of γ-butyrolactones via γ-phenyl substituted butyric acids mediated benzyl radical cyclization
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Synthesis of several γ-butyrolactones with aromatic substitution at carbon 5 from comparative γ-aryl acids with 25-85% yield are covered. The straight oxidation in the presence of peroxydisulphate-copper(II)chloride system in aqueous medium was applied. The reaction is highly regioselective and leads exclusively to γ-butyrolactone, through stable benzylic radical intermediate.
- Mahmoodi,Jazayri
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p. 1467 - 1475
(2007/10/03)
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- TETRAHYDRO-1H-BENZAZEPINONES AND HEXAHYDROAZEPINONES AS SELECTIVE CHOLECYSTOKININ-B RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
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This invention relates to compounds of formula (I) wherein R. sup.1, R. sup.2, R 3, R 4 and X are as defined in the application. These compounds are CCK-B receptor antagonists and are useful in the treatment and prevention of central nervous system and gastrointestinal disorders. STR1
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- Structural optimization of 4-(2-chlorophenyl)-9-methyl-6H-thieno [3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepines as antagonists for platelet activating factor: Pharmacological contribution of substituents at the 2- and 6-positions of a condensed ring system
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A series of 4-(2-chlorophenyl)-9-methyl-6H-thieno [3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepine derivatives bearing substituents at the 2- and 6-positions were synthesized, and evaluated in vitro for their inhibitory activity on rabbit platelet aggregation induced by platelet activating factor (PAF) and in vivo for their preventing effect on PAF-induced mortality in mice. The length of alkyl or arylalkyl side chain at the 2-position was responsible for enhancing the affinity for the PAF receptor. The simultaneous substitution at both the 2- and 6-positions resulted in a successful separation of the affinity for the PAF receptor from that for the benzodiazepine (BZ) receptor. Thus, (±)-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-isobutylphenyl)ethyl]- 6,9-dimethyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4] diazepine (Y-24180) was confirmed to be a specific antagonist for the PAF receptor and is currently under clinical trials.
- Kawakami,Kitani,Yuasa,Abe,Moriwaki,Kagoshima,Terasawa,Tahara
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p. 683 - 692
(2007/10/03)
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- SCHWEFELVERBINDUNGEN DES ERDOELS XIII. 2,11-DIALKYLDINAPHTHO--THIOPHENE UND 2,12-DIALKYLDINAPHTHO-1,4-DITHIINE
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Starting with 7-alkyl-2-bromo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-ones 1 2,11-dialkylnaphthothiophenes 9 and 2,12-dialkyldinaphtho-1,4-dithiines 8 are synthesized according to Scheme 2.The anellation on 9 is proved by nmr-data.
- Nink, Gunter,Boberg, Friedrich
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p. 227 - 233
(2007/10/02)
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- An N.M.R. Investigation of the Mills-Nixon Effect
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The 4J coupling constant, previously established as a probe of bond order, was used to examine the bond orders in a series of ortho-bridged compounds: benzocyclopropene, 1,2-dihydrobenzocyclobutene, indan and tetralin.No evidence for sterically induced bond fixation (i.e. the Mills-Nixon effect) was found, but some evidence for electronic distortion in the corresponding benzylic ketones was observed.The experimental results are in accord with SCF/MO calculations.
- Collins, Michael J.,Gready, Jill E.,Sternhell, Sever,Tansey, Charles W.
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p. 1547 - 1557
(2007/10/02)
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- SUBSTITUENT EFFECTS ON THE RATE OF CARBENE FORMATION BY THE PYROLYSIS OF RIGID ARYL SUBSTITUTED DIAZOMETHANES
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Rate constants for the pyrolysis of 1-diazo-4,4-dimethyl-1,4-dihydronaphtalenes, 4a-4e, have been measured in methanol:6percent triethylamine.In contrast to non-rigid cases, like diphenyldiazomethanes, where all para substituents show a rate increase compared to hydrogen, these rates show a linear Hammett correlation for all para substituents with ?+ = -0.84.This observation is rationalized by a non-linear process for loss of nitrogen leading directly to the ground-state singlet of the carbene, 17.This carbene is then trapped to give ether 11.
- Mathur, Naresh C.,Snow, Miles S.,Young, Kent M.,Pincock, James A.
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p. 1509 - 1516
(2007/10/02)
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