460092-03-9Relevant articles and documents
Functional Electro-materials Based on Ferricyanide Redox-active Ionic Liquids
Doherty, Andrew P.,Graham, Louise,Wagner, Klaudia,Officer, David L.,Chen, Jun,Wallace, Gordon G.
, p. 934 - 940 (2017)
The unique physical and chemical properties of conventional room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) render them highly deployable materials in electrochemical devices performing functions such as solvent-free electrolytes in capacitors, batteries and sensors. However, these non-faradaic applications can be complimented by incorporating faradaic redox functionality into the ionic liquid structure which facilitates access to a large array of new electrochemical applications such as dye sensitised solar cells, redox batteries, hydrid capacitors and selective amperometric sensor applications which are all reliant on heterogeneous or homogenous electron-transfer processes. This paper presents and discuses some examples of redox active ionic liquids base on the ferri-/ferro- functionality. These functional electro-materials which are already known [Ref. [18]] exhibit simple reversible one-electron electrochemistry at very negative potentials (by at least ?1?V relative to aqueous systems) in anhydrous media. Glass transition temperatures lower than ?50?°C were also observed along with an overall thermal stability up to at least 400?°C under dry N2 atmosphere conditions. Opportunities and challenges for these types of electro-materials are discussed.
Ion-tagged phosphines as ligands for suzuki coupling of aryl halides in a phosphonium ionic liquid
Keith, Adam J.,Kosik, Stephen D.,Tillekeratne, L. M. Viranga,Mason, Mark R.
, p. 977 - 982 (2014)
Gramine-based N-substituted phosphines were synthesized and utilized as ligands in Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of aryl bromides and chlorides in the room temperature ionic liquid trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide. Increased yiel
Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Formate at Low Overpotential Using a Superbase Ionic Liquid
Hollingsworth, Nathan,Taylor, S. F. Rebecca,Galante, Miguel T.,Jacquemin, Johan,Longo, Claudia,Holt, Katherine B.,De Leeuw, Nora H.,Hardacre, Christopher
, p. 14164 - 14168 (2015)
A new low-energy pathway is reported for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to formate and syngas at low overpotentials, utilizing a reactive ionic liquid as the solvent. The superbasic tetraalkyl phosphonium ionic liquid [P66614][124Triz] is able to chemisorb CO2 through equimolar binding of CO2 with the 1,2,4-triazole anion. This chemisorbed CO2 can be reduced at silver electrodes at overpotentials as low as 0.17 V, forming formate. In contrast, physically absorbed CO2 within the same ionic liquid or in ionic liquids where chemisorption is impossible (such as [P66614][NTf2]) undergoes reduction at significantly increased overpotentials, producing only CO as the product.
Michael addition kinetics of ethyl acetoacetate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate in ionic liquids
Bradford, Brandy N.,Miller, Kevin M.
, p. 1855 - 1858 (2012)
The Michael addition is one of the most common and versatile methods for making carbon-carbon bonds, however little is known about the potential of utilizing ionic liquids as solvents in these reactions. Initial work from our laboratory is presented, showing that model imidazolium- and phosphonium-based ionic liquid solvents can be used as effective reaction media in the Michael addition. Kinetic data are also reported and the results indicate that the use of ionic liquids as reaction media resulted in an observed rate enhancement when compared with more common organic solvents such as toluene, THF, and DMF. Observed rates were comparable to those observed in DMSO.
Selective Single-Step Separation of a Mixture of Three Metal Ions by a Triphasic Ionic-Liquid-Water-Ionic-Liquid Solvent Extraction System
Vander Hoogerstraete, Tom,Blockx, Jonas,Decoster, Hendrik,Binnemans, Koen
, p. 11757 - 11766 (2015)
In a conventional solvent extraction system, metal ions are distributed between two immiscible phases, typically an aqueous and an organic phase. In this paper, the proof-of-principle is given for the distribution of metal ions between three immiscible phases, two ionic liquid phases with an aqueous phase in between them. Three-liquid-phase solvent extraction allows separation of a mixture of three metal ions in a single step, whereas at least two steps are required to separate three metals in the case of two-liquid-phase solvent extraction. In the triphasic system, the lower organic phase is comprised of the ionic liquid betainium- or choline bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, whereas the upper organic phase is comprised of the ionic liquid trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. The triphasic system was used for the separation of a mixture of tin(II), yttrium(III), and scandium(III) ions. Triple crown: A novel triphasic extraction system for the separation of metals consisting of two ionic liquids and an aqueous phase is presented. The triphasic system allows the separation of three metals in one single step, whereas at least two steps are necessary to separate three metals in conventional biphasic extraction systems.
Tetraalkylphosphonium-based ionic liquids
Del Sesto, Rico E.,Corley, Cynthia,Robertson, Al,Wilkes, John S.
, p. 2536 - 2542 (2005)
Ionic liquids are salts that are liquid at or near room temperature. Their wide liquid range, good thermal stability, and very low vapor pressure make them attractive for numerous applications. The general approach to creating ionic liquids is to employ a large, unreactive, low symmetry cation with and an anion that largely controls the physical and chemical properties. The most common cations used in ionic liquids are N-alkylpyridinium and N,N′- dialkylimidazolium. Another very effective cation for the creation of ionic liquids is tetraalkylphosphonium, [PR1R2R 3R4]+. The alkyl groups, Rn, generally are large and not all the same. The halide salts of several phosphonium cations are available as starting materials for metathesis reactions used to prepare ionic liquids. The large phosphonium cations can combine with relatively large anions to make viscous but free flowing liquids with formula mass greater than 1000 g mol-1. Some other more massive salts are waxes and glasses. The synthesis and the physical, chemical, and optical properties of phosphonium-ionic liquids having anions with a wide range of masses were measured and are reported here.
Dissolution of oligo(tetrafluoroethylene) and preparation of poly(tetrafluoroethylene)-based composites by using fluorinated ionic liquids
Tsurumaki, Akiko,Ohno, Hiroyuki
supporting information, p. 409 - 412 (2018/02/27)
Fluorophilic ionic liquids (ILs) showing enhanced compatibility with poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) have been newly synthesised. The as-designed ILs contributed both to the dissolution of PTFE oligomers and to the preparation of composites with PTFE with no fear of bleed-out of the ILs.
Factors affecting bubble size in ionic liquids
Taylor, Sarah F. R.,Brittle, Stuart A.,Desai, Pratik,Jacquemin, Johan,Hardacre, Christopher,Zimmerman, William A.
, p. 14306 - 14318 (2017/07/22)
This study reports on understanding the formation of bubbles in ionic liquids (ILs), with a view to utilising ILs more efficiently in gas capture processes. In particular, the impact of the IL structure on the bubble sizes obtained has been determined in order to obtain design principles for the ionic liquids utilised. 11 ILs were used in this study with a range of physico-chemical properties in order to determine parametrically the impact on bubble size due to the liquid properties and chemical moieties present. The results suggest the bubble size observed is dictated by the strength of interaction between the cation and anion of the IL and, therefore, the mass transport within the system. This bubble size-ILs structure-physical property relationship has been illustrated using a series of QSPR correlations. A predictive model based only on the sigma profiles of the anions and cations has been developed which shows the best correlation without the need to incorporate the physico-chemical properties of the liquids. Depending on the IL, selected mean bubble sizes observed were between 56.1 and 766.9 μm demonstrating that microbubbles can be produced in the IL allowing the potential for enhanced mass transport and absorption kinetics in these systems.
A Triphasic Sorting System: Coordination Cages in Ionic Liquids
Grommet, Angela B.,Bolliger, Jeanne L.,Browne, Colm,Nitschke, Jonathan R.
supporting information, p. 15100 - 15104 (2016/01/25)
Host-guest chemistry is usually carried out in either water or organic solvents. To investigate the utility of alternative solvents, three different coordination cages were dissolved in neat ionic liquids. By using 19F NMR spectroscopy to monitor the presence of free and bound guest molecules, all three cages were demonstrated to be stable and capable of encapsulating guests in ionic solution. Different cages were found to preferentially dissolve in different phases, allowing for the design of a triphasic sorting system. Within this system, three coordination cages, namely Fe4L6 2, Fe8L12 3, and Fe4L4 4, each segregated into a distinct layer. Upon the addition of a mixture of three different guests, each cage (in each separate layer) selectively bound its preferred guest.
Eu3 + as a dual probe for the determination of IL anion donor power: A combined luminescence spectroscopic and electrochemical approach
Babai, Arash,Kopiec, Gabriel,Lackmann, Anastasia,Mallick, Bert,Pitula, Slawomir,Tang, Sifu,Mudring, Anja-Verena
, p. 191 - 198 (2014/05/20)
This work is aimed at giving proof that Eu(Tf2N)3 (Tf2N = bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide) can act as both an optical and electrochemical probe for the determination of the Lewis acidity of an ionic liquid anion. For that reason the luminescence spectra and cyclic voltammograms of dilute solutions of Eu(Tf2N)3 in various ionic liquids were investigated. The Eu2 +/3 + redox potential in the investigated ILs can be related to the Lewis basicity of the IL anion. The IL cation had little influence. The lower the determined halfwave potential, the higher the IL anion basicity. The obtained ranking can be confirmed by luminescence spectroscopy where a bathochromic shift of the 5D 0 → 7F4 transition indicates a stronger Lewis basicity of the IL anion.
