258864-54-9Relevant articles and documents
An environmentally friendlier approach to hydrometallurgy: Highly selective separation of cobalt from nickel by solvent extraction with undiluted phosphonium ionic liquids
Wellens, Sil,Thijs, Ben,Binnemans, Koen
, p. 1657 - 1665 (2012)
A green solvent extraction process for the separation of cobalt from nickel, magnesium and calcium in chloride medium was developed, using undiluted phosphonium-based ionic liquids as extractants. Cobalt was extracted to the ionic liquid phase as the tetrachlorocobaltate(ii) complex, leaving behind nickel, magnesium and calcium in the aqueous phase. Manganese is interfering in the separation process. The main advantage of this ionic liquid extraction process is that no organic diluents have to be added to the organic phase, so that the use of volatile organic compounds can be avoided. Separation factors higher than 50 000 were observed for the cobalt/nickel separation from 8 M HCl solution. After extraction, cobalt can easily be stripped using water and the ionic liquid can be reused as extractant, so that a continuous extraction process is possible. Up to 35 g L-1 of cobalt can be extracted to the ionic liquid phase, while still having a distribution coefficient higher than 100. Instead of hydrochloric acid, sodium chloride can be used as a chloride source. The extraction process has been upscaled to batch processes using 250 mL of ionic liquid. Tri(hexyl)tetradecylphosphonium chloride, tri(butyl) tetradecylphosphonium chloride, tetra(octyl)phosphonium bromide, tri(hexyl)tetradecylphosphonium bromide and Aliquat 336 have been tested for their performance to extract cobalt from an aqueous chloride phase to an ionic liquid phase. Tri(hexyl)tetradecylphosphonium chloride (Cyphos IL 101) turned out to be the best option as the ionic liquid phase, compromising between commercial availability, separation characteristics and easiness to handle the ionic liquid. The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Highly stable noble-metal nanoparticles in tetraalkylphosphonium ionic liquids for in situ catalysis
Banerjee, Abhinandan,Theron, Robin,Scott, Robert W. J.
experimental part, p. 109 - 116 (2012/06/30)
Gold and palladium nanoparticles were prepared by lithium borohydride reduction of the metal salt precursors in tetraalkylphosphonium halide ionic liquids in the absence of any organic solvents or external nanoparticle stabilizers. These colloidal suspensions remained stable and showed no nanoparticle agglomeration over many months. A combination of electrostatic interactions between the coordinatively unsaturated metal nanoparticle surface and the ionic-liquid anions, bolstered by steric protection offered by the bulky alkylated phosphonium cations, is likely to be the reason behind such stabilization. The halide anion strongly absorbs to the nanoparticle surface, leading to exceptional nanoparticle stability in halide ionic liquids; other tetraalkylphosphonium ionic liquids with non-coordinating anions, such as tosylate and hexafluorophosphate, show considerably lower affinities towards the stabilization of nanoparticles. Palladium nanoparticles stabilized in the tetraalkylphosphonium halide ionic liquid were stable, efficient, and recyclable catalysts for a variety of hydrogenation reactions at ambient pressures with sustained activity. Aerial oxidation of the metal nanoparticles occurred over time and was readily reversed by re-reduction of oxidized metal salts. Stable morsels of metal: Palladium nanoparticles stabilized in tetraalkylphosphonium halide ionic liquids are stable, efficient, and recyclable catalysts for a variety of hydrogenation reactions at ambient pressures with sustained activity (see picture). Copyright
Organic salt conditioner, organic salt-containing composition, and uses thereof
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, (2008/06/13)
The present invention relates to the use of, and a composition containing, at least one non-polymeric organic salt with a melting point of less than 60° C. These organic salts may be imidazolium, pyrazolium, pyridinium, pyrimidinium or tetraalkylphosphonium salts. The inventinon composition may be used for washing (cleaning) and/or conditioning keratin materials, and especially the hair.
