cas 463-79-6, Carbonic acid | Articles data

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Carbonic anhydrase activity of dinuclear CuII complexes with patellamide model ligands
The dicopper(ii) complexes of six pseudo-octapeptides, synthetic analogues of ascidiacyclamide and the patellamides, found in ascidians of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, are shown to be efficient carbonic anhydrase model complexes with kcat up to 7.3 × 103 s-1 (uncatalyzed: 3.7 × 10-2 s-1; enzyme-catalyzed: 2 × 10 5-1.4 × 106 s-1) and a turnover number (TON) of at least 1700, limited only by the experimental conditions used. So far, no copper-based natural carbonic anhydrases are known, no faster model systems have been described and the biological role of the patellamide macrocycles is so far unknown. The observed CO2 hydration rates depend on the configuration of the isopropyl side chains of the pseudo-octapeptide scaffold, and the naturally observed R*,S*, R*,S* geometry is shown to lead to more efficient catalysts than the S*,S*,S*,S* isomers. The catalytic efficiency also depends on the heterocyclic donor groups of the pseudo-octapeptides. Interestingly, the dicopper(ii) complex of the ligand with four imidazole groups is a more efficient catalyst than that of the close analogue of ascidiacyclamide with two thiazole and two oxazoline rings. The experimental observations indicate that the nucleophilic attack of a CuII- coordinated hydroxide at the CO2 carbon center is rate determining, i.e. formation of the catalyst-CO2 adduct and release of carbonate/bicarbonate are relatively fast processes.
Comba, Peter,Gahan, Lawrence R.,Hanson, Graeme R.,Maeder, Marcel,Westphal, Michael
p. 3144 - 3152
(2014)
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Matrix isolation studies of carbonic acid - The vapor phase above the β-polymorph
Twenty years ago two different polymorphs of carbonic acid, α- and β-H2CO3, were isolated as thin, crystalline films. They were characterized by infrared and, of late, by Raman spectroscopy. Determination of the crystal structure of these two polymorphs, using cryopowder and thin film X-ray diffraction techniques, has failed so far. Recently, we succeeded in sublimating α-H2CO3 and trapping the vapor phase in a noble gas matrix, which was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. In the same way we have now investigated the β-polymorph. Unlike α-H2CO3, β-H2CO3 was regarded to decompose upon sublimation. Still, we have succeeded in isolation of undecomposed carbonic acid in the matrix and recondensation after removal of the matrix here. This possibility of sublimation and recondensation cycles of β-H2CO3 adds a new aspect to the chemistry of carbonic acid in astrophysical environments, especially because there is a direct way of β-H2CO3 formation in space, but none for α-H2CO3. Assignments of the FTIR spectra of the isolated molecules unambiguously reveal two different carbonic acid monomer conformers (C2v and Cs). In contrast to the earlier study on α-H2CO3, we do not find evidence for centrosymmetric (C2h) carbonic acid dimers here. This suggests that two monomers are entropically favored at the sublimation temperature of 250 K for β-H2CO3, whereas they are not at the sublimation temperature of 210 K for α-H2CO3.
Bernard, Jürgen,Huber, Roland G.,Liedl, Klaus R.,Grothe, Hinrich,Loerting, Thomas
p. 7732 - 7737
(2013)
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Carbonic acid: Synthesis by protonation of bicarbonate and FTIR spectroscopic characterization via a new cryogenic technique
Layers of glassy solutions of HCO3- (DCO3-) and of excess HCl (DCl) dissolved in CH3OH (CH3OD) were deposited one by one onto each other at 78 K in the form of droplets, and their reaction has been studied in vacua by FTIR spectroscopy from 78 to 300 K. At ≈120 K, i.e. ≈20 K above the solvents' glass transition temperature of 103 K, a decrease in the solvents' viscosity led to the beginning of the coalescence of the droplets. At ≈=140 to ≈160 K, a further decrease in the solvents' viscosity enabled the reaction Of HCO3- (DCO3-) with H+ (D+) as seen most clearly by the disappearance of the bicarbonate band at ≈1630 cm-1. Simultaneously formation of a band centered at ≈1730 cm-1 (≈1725 cm-1) is observed which is in the frequency region expected for a C=O stretching vibration of H2CO3 (D2CO3). Separation of the reaction product from the solvent was achieved by heating in vacuo up to ≈175 K and pumping off first methanol and excess HCl and then residual water. On further heating to ≈190 K, the reaction product also started to vaporize. We conclude that we have isolated carbonic acid via a novel cryogenic technique and give a preliminary assignment. It is important to note that the reaction can be reversed in an additional step by depositing a layer of KOH in glassy CH3OH onto the isolated carbonic acid. The new cryogenic technique is particularly suitable for studies of short-lived intermediates in the reaction of nonvolatile reactants such as biomolecules. It is possibly best applied to studies of consecutive reactions where a metastable intermediate is formed in the first step in a preliminary equilibrium and the second step is rate determining.
Hage, Wolfgang,Hallbrucker, Andreas,Mayer, Erwin
p. 8427 - 8431
(1993)
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Enzyme-embedded metal-organic framework membranes on polymeric substrates for efficient CO2 capture
In this work, carbonic anhydrase (CA) molecules were embedded into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) via physical absorption and chemical bonds, which could overcome the enzymatic inactivation and the poor separation property of pristine MOF materials. And then, these nanocomposites (enzyme-embedded MOFs) as the crystal seeds were in situ grown on oriented halloysite nanotube layers to develop novel biocatalytic composite membranes. These membranes exhibited optimal separation performance with a CO2/N2 selectivity of 165.5, about 20.9 fold higher than that of the membrane without embedded CA molecules, surpassing the Robeson upper bound (2008). At the same time, the CO2 permeance increased about 3.2 fold (from 7.6 GPU to 24.16 GPU). Importantly, the biocatalytic composite membranes showed good stability and mechanical properties and were easily scalable, which could be extended to industrial applications.
Zhang, Yiming,Wang, Huixian,Liu, Jindun,Hou, Jingwei,Zhang, Yatao
p. 19954 - 19962
(2017)
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Carbonic acid: From polyamorphism to polymorphism
Layers of glassy methanolic (aqueous) solutions of KHCO3 and HCl were deposited sequentially at 78 K on a CsI window, and their reaction on heating in vacuo in steps from 78 to 230 K was followed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. After removal of solvent and excess HCl, IR spectra revealed formation of two distinct states of amorphous carbonic acid (H2CO3), depending on whether KHCO3 and HCl had been dissolved in methanol or in water, and of their phase transition to either crystalline α-or β-H2CO3. The main spectral features in the IR spectra of α- and β-H2CO3 are observable already in those of the two amorphous H2CO3 forms. This indicates that H-bond connectivity or conformational state in the two crystalline phases is on the whole already developed in the two amorphous forms. The amorphous nature of the precursors to the two crystalline polymorphs is confirmed using powder X-ray diffraction. These diffractograms also show that α- and β-amorphous H2CO3 are two distinct structural states. The variety of structural motifs found within a few kJ/mol in a computational search for possible crystal structures provides a plausible rationalization for (a) the observation of more than one amorphous form and (b) the retention of the motif observed in the amorphous form in the corresponding crystalline form. The polyamorphism inferred for carbonic acid from our FTIR spectroscopic and powder X-ray diffraction studies is special since two different crystalline states are linked to two distinct amorphous states. We surmise that the two amorphous states of H2CO3 are connected by a first-order-like phase transition.
Winkel, Katrin,Hage, Wolfgang,Loerting, Thomas,Price, Sarah L.,Mayer, Erwin
p. 13863 - 13871
(2007)
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Inhibition properties of new amino acids for prevention of hydrate formation in carbon dioxide-water system: Experimental and modeling investigations
In the present work, the effect of new structures of amino acids is studied for prevention of hydrate formation in the carbon dioxide-water system. These amino acids consist of L-proline (as amino acid with nonpolar side chain), L-serine and L-glutamine (
Roosta, Hadi,Dashti, Ali,Mazloumi, S. Hossein,Varaminian, Farshad
p. 656 - 663
(2016)
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Comprehensive study of the hydration and dehydration reactions of carbon dioxide in aqueous solution
The reversible interactions of dissolved CO2 with H2O and OH- to form H2CO3 and HCO3- in aqueous solution have been investigated using spectrophotometric stopped-flow measurements. The progress of the reactions
Wang, Xiaoguang,Conway, William,Burns, Robert,McCann, Nichola,Maeder, Marcel
p. 1734 - 1740
(2010)
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Mechanism of phenol degradation processes induced by direct-current atmospheric-pressure discharge in air
The phenol degradation kinetics and the buildup kinetics of the products hydroxyphenols, nitrophenols, carboxylic acids, and formaldehyde in electrolytic-cathode direct-current discharge have been studied, as well as the formation of nitric acid. On the basis of the results, a scheme of the processes has been proposed; calculations according to this scheme describe well the experimental data on the degradation kinetics of phenol and the formation/decay kinetics of its transformation products.
Bobkova,Sungurova,Rybkin
p. 198 - 200
(2013)
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Temperature- and pressure-dependent stopped-flow kinetic studies of jack bean urease. Implications for the catalytic mechanism
Urease, a Ni-containing metalloenzyme, features an activity that has profound medical and agricultural implications. The mechanism of this activity, however, has not been as yet thoroughly established. Accordingly, to improve its understanding, in this study we analyzed the steady-state kinetic parameters of the enzyme (jack bean), KM and kcat, measured at different temperatures and pressures. Such an analysis is useful as it provides information on the molecular nature of the intermediate and transition states of the catalytic reaction. We measured the parameters in a noninteracting buffer using a stopped-flow technique in the temperature range 15-35 °C and in the pressure range 5-132 MPa, the pressure-dependent measurements being the first of their kind performed for urease. While temperature enhanced the activity of urease, pressure inhibited the enzyme; the inhibition was biphasic. Analyzing KM provided the characteristics of the formation of the ES complex, and analyzing kcat, the characteristics of the activation of ES. From the temperature-dependent measurements, the energetic parameters were derived, i.e. thermodynamic ΔHo and ΔSo for ES formation, and kinetic ΔH≠ and ΔS≠ for ES activation, while from the pressuredependent measurements, the binding ΔVb and activation ΔV6cat ≠volumes were determined. The thermodynamic and activation parameters obtained are discussed in terms of the current proposals for the mechanism of the urease reaction, and they are found to support the mechanism proposed by Benini et al. (Structure 7:205-216; 1999), in which the Ni-Ni bridging hydroxide-not the terminal hydroxide-is the nucleophile in the catalytic reaction. SBIC 2012.
Krajewska, Barbara,Van Eldik, Rudi,Brindell, Ma?gorzata
p. 1123 - 1134
(2012)
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Influence of Ammonium Acetate Concentration on Receptor-Ligand Binding Affinities Measured by Native Nano ESI-MS: A Systematic Study
Native electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful technique for analyzing biomolecules in their native state. However, ESI-MS is incompatible with nonvolatile solution additives. Therefore, biomolecules have to be electrosprayed from a solution that differs from their purification or storage buffer, often aqueous ammonium acetate (AmAc). In this study, the effect of the ionic strength on the dissociation constants of six different noncovalent complexes, that cover interactions present in many biological systems, was investigated. Complexes were electrosprayed from 10 mM, 50 mM, 100 mM, 300 mM, and 500 mM aqueous AmAc. For all systems, it was shown that the binding affinity is significantly influenced by the ionic strength of the solution. The determined dissociation constant (Kd) was affected more than 50% when increasing the AmAc concentration. The results are interpreted in terms of altered ionic interactions induced by the solution. This work emphasizes the modulating effect of the ions on noncovalent interactions and the importance of carefully choosing the AmAc concentration for quantifying the receptor-ligand binding strengths.
Gavriilidou, Agni F. M.,Gülbakan, Basri,Zenobi, Renato
p. 10378 - 10384
(2015)
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Wittstein
p. 496
(1862)
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Dunstan,Goulding
p. 1263
(1900)
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Thorpe
p. 199
(1867)
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Comparative Analysis of Acyclovir Esters Stability in Solutions: The Influence of the Substituent Structure, Kinetics, and Steric Effects
Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography has been applied to the determination of acyclovir (ACV) esters such as acetate, isobutyrate, pivalate, ethoxycarbonate, and nicotinate. All analyses were carried out at laboratory temperature using a column LiChrospher RP-18 (250 × 4 mm, 5 μm) and a proper mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (pH 6 or 6.7) or acetonitrile and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and acetic acid. The methods were validated by the determination of the following parameters: selectivity, precision, accuracy, and linearity. Kinetic studies on the hydrolysis were investigated in solutions at 310 K over the pH range 0.42-1.38. The pH-profiles indicated specific acid-catalyzed and spontaneous water-catalyzed degradation. The stability of the studied ACV esters were determined not only by steric factors. In the case of ethoxycarbonyl ester of ACV, the hydrolysis was a two-step reaction.
Lesniewska, Monika A.,Gola, Micha?,Dutkiewicz, Zbigniew,Muszalska, Izabela
p. 724 - 733
(2015)
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Spectroscopic observation of matrix-isolated carbonic acid trapped from the gas phase
Against all odds: Carbonic acid molecules were trapped from the gas phase in a solid noble-gas matrix at 2H and and 13C isotopologues were also examined. Gas-phase carbonic acid is thought to exist as a 1:10:1 mixture of two monomeric conformers and the cyclic dimer (H2CO3)2. This data is vital in the search for gas-phase carbonic acid in astrophysical environments.
Bernard, Juergen,Seidl, Markus,Kohl, Ingrid,Liedl, Klaus R.,Mayer, Erwin,Galvez, Oscar,Grothe, Hinrich,Loerting, Thomas
p. 1939 - 1943
(2011)
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SELF-POWERED ENZYME MICROPUMPS
Drug delivery devices, sensors, and micropumps provided herein can utilize a reaction of an analyte triggered by an enzyme to drive fluid flow. In some cases, a drug delivery device can include a reservoir including a drug (e.g., insulin) and have an enzyme (e.g., glucose oxidase) positioned adjacent to said reservoir. The enzyme can catalyze a reaction of said analyte to drive a fluid flow adjacent to said reservoir to increase a release of the drug from said reservoir. A sensor for an analyte can include an enzyme bound to a surface and a flow meter to detect a flow of fluids adjacent to said surface. A self-powered enzyme micropump provided herein can provide precise control over flow rate in response to specific signals.
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Paragraph 0066

(2017/04/12)

Tunnelling in carbonic acid
The cis,trans-conformer of carbonic acid (H2CO3), generated by near-infrared radiation, undergoes an unreported quantum mechanical tunnelling rotamerization with half-lives in cryogenic matrices of 4-20 h, depending on temperature and host material. First-principles quantum chemistry at high levels of theory gives a tunnelling half-life of about 1 h, quite near those measured for the fastest rotamerizations.
Wagner, J. Philipp,Reisenauer, Hans Peter,Hirvonen, Viivi,Wu, Chia-Hua,Tyberg, Joseph L.,Allen, Wesley D.,Schreiner, Peter R.
supporting information
p. 7858 - 7861
(2016/07/06)

Gas-phase preparation of carbonic acid and its monomethyl ester
Carbonic acid (H2CO3), an essential molecule of life (e.g., as bicarbonate buffer), has been well characterized in solution and in the solid state, but for a long time, it has eluded its spectral characterization in the gas phase owing to a lack of convenient preparation methods; microwave spectra were recorded only recently. Here we present a novel and general method for the preparation of H2CO3 and its monomethyl ester (CH3OCO2H) through the gas-phase pyrolysis of di-tert-butyl and tert-butyl methyl carbonate, respectively. H2CO3 and CH3OCO2H were trapped in noble-gas matrices at 8 K, and their infrared spectra match those computed at high levels of theory [focal point analysis beyond CCSD(T)/cc-pVQZ] very well. Whereas the spectra also perfectly agree with those of the vapor phase above the b-polymorph of H2CO3, this is not true for the previously reported a -polymorph. Instead, the vapor phase above a-H2CO3 corresponds to CH3OCO2H, which sheds new light on the research that has been conducted on molecular H2CO3 over the last decades.
Reisenauer, Hans Peter,Wagner, J. Philipp,Schreiner, Peter R.
supporting information
p. 11766 - 11771
(2015/03/03)

Investigating the selectivity of metalloenzyme inhibitors
The inhibitory activity of a broad group of known metalloenzyme inhibitors against a panel of metalloenzymes was evaluated. Clinically approved inhibitors were selected as well as several other reported metalloprotein inhibitors in order to represent a broad range of metal binding groups (MBGs), including hydroxamic acid, carboxylate, hydroxypyridinonate, thiol, and N-hydroxyurea functional groups. A panel of metalloenzymes, including carbonic anhydrase (hCAII), several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), histone deacetylase (HDAC-2), and tyrosinase (TY), was selected based on their clinical importance for a range of pathologies. In addition, each inhibitor was evaluated for its ability to remove Fe3+ from holo-transferrin to gauge the ability of the inhibitors to access Fe 3+ from a primary transport protein. The results show that the metalloenzyme inhibitors are quite selective for their intended targets, suggesting that despite their ability to bind metal ions, metalloprotein inhibitors are not prone to widespread off-target enzyme inhibition activity.
Day, Joshua A.,Cohen, Seth M.
p. 7997 - 8007
(2013/11/06)

Raman spectroscopic study of the phase transition of amorphous to crystalline β-carbonic acid
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Kohl, Ingrid,Winkel, Katrin,Bauer, Marion,Liedl, Klaus R.,Loerting, Thomas,Mayer, Erwin
p. 2690 - 2694
(2009/09/07)

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING OXYGENIC COMPOUND
An oxidation catalyst composition is obtained by mixing a selenium compound, a nitrogen-containing aromatic compound and an acid, and if necessary, in the presence of a solvent. The oxidation catalyst composition shows an oxidation catalyst activity in the oxidation reaction of an organic compound. For example, at least one oxygen-containing compound selected from an alcohol compound, an aldehyde compound, a ketone compound and a carboxylic acid compound is obtained by reacting the olefin compound having two or more hydrogen atoms on the carbon atom at α-position of a carbon-carbon double bond with an organic hydroperoxide compound in the presence of the oxidation catalyst composition.
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(2008/06/13)

Imidazolium-Methyl Sulfites for Use as Starting Compounds for Producing Ionic Liquids
Imidazolium methylsulfites of the general formula (I) where the radicals have, independently of one another, the following meanings: R1 to R3: hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, amino, aminocarbonyl, sulfo, cyano, nitro; C1-C20-alkyl, C2-C20-alkenyl, C2-C20-alkynyl, C1-C20-alkyloxy, C2-C20-alkenyloxy, C2-C20-alkynyloxy, C1-C20-alkylcarbonyl, C1-C20-alkyloxycarbonyl, C1-C20-acyloxy, C1-C20-alkylaminocarbonyl, di(C1-C20-alkyl)aminocarbonyl, C1-C20-alkylamino, di(C1-C20-alkyl)amino, C1-C20-alkylsulfonyl, C3-C8-cycloalkyl, where the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and cycloalkyl groups mentioned can be substituted and/or have their CH2 groups replaced by oxygen; phenyl, phenoxy, where these can in turn be substituted; R4: sulfo; C1-C20-alkyl, C2-C20-alkenyl, C2-C20-alkynyl, C3-C8-cycloalkyl, where the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and cycloalkyl groups mentioned can be substituted and/or have their CH2 groups replaced by oxygen; phenyl, where this can be substituted; or R1 together with R4, and/or R2 together with R3, or R4 together with R2: alkylene —(CH2)n— where n=4, 5 or 6 or butadienylene —CH═CH—CH═CH—, where these can be substituted and/or have the CH2 groups replaced by oxygen and the CH groups replaced by NR5.
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(2008/06/13)

Synthetic method for amino acid using the water of high temperature and high pressure
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for synthesizing a prescribed amino acid by the high temperature and high pressure reaction. SOLUTION: The substitution reaction is occured and the aimed amino acid (for example, alanine) can be synthesized, by means of giving the high temperature and high pressure water reaction (for example, 240 C and 30 sec), under the condition where the both raw materials of the oxo acid (for example, pyruvic acid) and the amino acid (for example, glycine) exist at the same time. Moreover, the yield of the amino acid can be improved by adjusting the pH of the solution to lower one, before this high temperature and high pressure water reaction is given..
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Page/Page column 8;10;12

(2008/06/13)

Novel estrogen receptor ligands and method III
The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) and derivatives thereof, in which the variables are as defined in the claims, their synthesis, and their use as estrogen receptor modulators. The compounds of the instant invention are ligands for estrogen receptors and as such may be useful for treatment or prevention of a variety of conditions related to estrogen functioning including bone loss, bone fractures, osteoporosis, cartilage degeneration, endometriosis, uterine fibroid disease, hot flashes, increased levels of LDL cholesterol, cardiovascular disease, impairment of cognitive functioning, cerebral degenerative disorders, restinosis, gynecomastia, autoimmune disease, vascular smooth muscle cell profileration, obesity, incontinence, and cancer of the lung, colon, breast, uterus, and prostate.
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(2008/06/13)

Process for preparing saponin compounds
A process for preparing compounds of formula (1): including the convergent steps as defined in the specification, and wherein R groups have any of the values defined in the specification. The invention also provides processes and intermediates useful for preparing compounds of formula (1).
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(2008/06/13)

THE PREPARATION AND USE OF ORTHO-SULFONAMIDO ARYL HYDROXAMIC ACIDS AS MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE AND TACE INHIBITORS
The present invention relates to the discovery of novel, low molecular weight, non-peptide inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (e.g. gelatinases, stromelysins and collagenases) and TNF- alpha converting enzyme (TACE, tumor necrosis factor- alpha converting enzyme) which are useful for the treatment of diseases in which these enzymes are implicated such as arthritis, tumor growth and metastasis, angiogenesis, tissue ulceration, abnormal wound healing, periodontal disease, bone disease, proteinuria, aneurysmal aortic disease, degenerative cartilage loss following traumatic joint injury, demyelinating diseases of the nervous system, graft rejection, cachexia, anorexia, inflammation, fever, insulin resistance, septic shock, congestive heart failure, inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, inflammatory bowel disease, HIV infection, age related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, ocular inflammation, keratoconus, Sjogren's syndrome, myopia, ocular tumors, ocular angiogenesis/neovascularization. The TACE and MMP inhibiting ortho-sulfonamido aryl hydroxamic acids of the present invention are represented by formula (I) where the hydroxamic acid moiety and the sulfonamido moiety are bonded to adjacent carbons on group A where: A is phenyl or naphthyl, optionally substituted by R, R, R and R; Z is aryl, heteroaryl, or heteroaryl fused to a phenyl, where aryl is phenyl or naphthyl optionally substituted by R, R, R and R; heteroaryl is a 5-6 membered heteroaromatic ring having from 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S, and optionally substituted by R, R, R and R; and when heteroaryl is fused to phenyl, either or both of the rings can be optionally substituted by R, R, R and R; and R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R and R are described in the specification, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and the optical isomers and diastereomers thereof.
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(2008/06/13)

PREPARATION AND USE OF ORTHO-SULFONAMIDO ARYL HYDROXAMIC ACIDS AS MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE AND TACE INHIBITORS
The present invention relates to the discovery of novel, low molecular weight, non-peptide inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (e. g. gelatinases, stromelysins and collagenases) and TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE, tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme) which are useful for the treatment of diseases in which these enzymes are implicated such as arthritis, tumor growth and metastasis, angiogenesis, tissue ulceration, abnormal wound healing, periodontal disease, bone disease, proteinuria, aneurysmal aortic disease, degenerative cartilage loss following traumatic joint injury, demyelinating diseases of the nervous system, graft rejection, cachexia, anorexia, inflammation, fever, insulin resistance, septic shock, congestive heart failure, inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, inflammatory bowel disease, HIV infection, age related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, ocular inflammation, keratoconus, Sjogren's syndrome, myopia, ocular tumors, ocular angiogenesis/neovascularization. The TACE and MMP inhibiting ortho-sulfonamido aryl hydroxamic acids of the present invention are represented by the formula STR1 where the hydroxamic acid moiety and the sulfonamido moiety are bonded to adjacent carbons on group A.
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(2008/06/13)

Thermal properties of zinc butyrate complex compounds. II. Caffeine, nicotinamide and theobromine
The new zinc(II) complexes of general formula Zn(CH3CH2CH2COO)2·nL (where L = caffeine, nicotinamide, theobromine; n = 1 or 2) were prepared and identified. Thermal properties of these compounds were investigate
Gyoryova,Balek,Behrens,Matuschek,Kettrup
p. 1263 - 1271
(2008/10/08)

Rate constants for the reactions of XO3-(H2O)n (X = C, HC, and N) and NO3-(HNO3)n with H2SO4: Implications for atmospheric detection of H2
Relative rate constants for the reactions of CO3-(H2O)n, HCO3-(H2O)n, NO3-(H2O)n, and NO3-(HNO3
Viggiano,Seeley,Mundis,Williamson,Morris
p. 8275 - 8278
(2007/10/03)

Oxidation of Furaldehydes with Palladium(II)
The oxidation of furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural with palladium(II) follows the main trends that hold for two-electron oxidation of furaldehydes with metal cations.
Krupenskii
p. 1824 - 1825
(2007/10/03)

Naphthalene derivatives
The present invention relates to a naphthalene derivative. More particularly, it relates to a naphthalene derivative exhibiting an excellent activity as a drug.
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(2008/06/13)

Epoxy compounds, production processes thereof and cured product of the epoxy compound
A novolak-type hydroxycarboxylic acid or its ester, an epoxy compound therefrom, a composite material comprising a matrix resin of the cured product and a reinforcing material, and a process for the production of the epoxy compound. The epoxy compound gives a cured product having excellent water resistance, heat resistance, chemical resistance, mechanical properties, dimentional stability and electrical properties.
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(2008/06/13)

Benzodioxole derivatives
The invention relates to novel benzodioxole derivatives of the formula I STR1 in which R1 represents an unsubstituted or substituted, aromatic or heteroaromatic radical, alk represents an alkylene or alkylidene radical having a maximum of 5 carbon atoms, n represents O or 1, R2 and R3 each represents, independently of the other, hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy or halogen, and A represents the radical O-R4, wherein R4 represents hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted, aliphatic or araliphatic hydrocarbon radical, or A represents the radical STR2 in which either R5 and R6 each represents, independently of the other, hydrogen or lower alkyl, or R5 and R6 are bonded to one another and, together with the adjacent nitrogen atom, represent unsubstituted or lower alkyl-substituted tetra- or hexa-methyleneimino or 4-morpholinyl, to salts of compounds of the formula I in which A represents OR4 wherein R4 is hydrogen, with bases, and to acid addition salts of compounds of the formula I in which the radical R1 has a basic character, and to pharmaceutical compositions that contain them. The novel substances exhibit diuretic and, in addition, uricosuric activity and may be administered, according to the invention, preferably in the form of appropriate pharmaceutical compositions, to mammals for the treatment of oedema and hypertension.
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(2008/06/13)

Benzodioxole derivatives and pharmaceutical use thereof
The invention relates to novel benzodioxole derivatives of the formula I STR1 in which R1 represents an unsubstituted or substituted, aromatic or heteroaromatic radical, alk represents an alkylene or alkylidene radical having a maximum of 5 carbon atoms, n represents 0 or 1, R2 and R3 each represents, independently of the other, hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy or halogen, and A represents the radical O--R4, wherein R4 represents hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted, aliphatic or araliphatic hydrocarbon radical, or A represents the radical STR2 in which either R5 and R6 each represents, independently of the other, hydrogen or lower alkyl, or R5 and R6 are bonded to one another and, together with the adjacent nitrogen atom, represent unsubstituted or lower alkyl-substituted tetra- or hexa-methyleneimino or 4-morpholinyl, to salts of compounds of the formula I in which A represents OR4 wherein R4 is hydrogen, with bases, and to acid addition salts of compounds of the formula I in which the radical R1 has a basic character, and to pharmaceutical compositions that contain them. The novel substances exhibit diuretic and, in addition, uricosuric activity and may be administered, according to the invention, preferably in the form of appropriate pharmaceutical compositions, to mammals for the treatment of oedema and hypertension.
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(2008/06/13)

Pyridinecarboxamide derivatives and process for the preparation thereof
N-(5-Tetrazolyl)-6-phenyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide derivatives of the formula: STR1 wherein R is hydrogen, a halogen, a lower alkyl or a lower alkoxy, and the phenyl ring A is a phenyl having a substituent selected from the group consisting of amino, a mono(lower)alkylamino, a di(lower)alkylamino, or a lower aliphatic acylamino, and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and process for the preparation thereof. Said pyridinecarboxamide derivatives have excellent anti-allergic activities even by oral administration and are useful as an anti-allergic medicine.
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(2008/06/13)

The carbon dioxide hydration activity of carbonic anhydrase. I. Stop-flow kinetic studies on the native human isoenzymes B and C.
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Khalifah
p. 2561 - 2573
(2007/10/04)