- An efficient protocol for the selective reduction of benzenesulfonyllactam to benzenesulfonyl cyclic amine
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The selective reduction of N-benzenesulfonylpiperidin-2-one to N-benzenesulfonylpiperidine was accomplished through the use of NaBH4 with either ZrCl4 or SnCl4 and by silane-mediated two-step reductions.
- Hosaka, Toshihiro,Torisawa, Yasuhiro,Nakagawa, Masako
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- AEROBIC OXIDATIVE SYNTHESIS OF SULFONAMIDE USING Cu CATALYST
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The present invention relates to a method for oxidative synthesis of sulfonamides using copper catalysts. , Oxygen (O) is used. 2 The oxidative synthesis of sulfonamides (1) comprises reacting a 2 th or sulfonyl hydrazide primary amine with a sulfonyl hydrazide (sulfonamide) with a copper catalyst on a solvent under the conditions in which the sulphonamide is fed. The oxidation coupling of the present invention showed extensive substrate ranges in an amine comprising a 2 primary amine, 1 primary amine and amine hydrochloride salt. It is worth notable that non-reactive aliphatic sulfonyl hydrazides in previously reported anaerobic systems can be used for the aerobic oxidation coupling of the present invention. The oxidation coupling of the present invention has been more effective on large scale.
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Paragraph 0033-0037; 0039-0054; 0092-0093
(2021/04/06)
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- Synthesis of Sulfones and Sulfonyl Derivatives using Sodium (tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxymethanesulfinate
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The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a sulfone and sulfonyl derivative compound using sodium (tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxymethanesulfinate, which is a novel organic sulfin salt, wherein the novel organic sulfin salt has good stability, environmental friendliness and economy, and is easy to handle, and thus significantly reduces the amount of transition metal catalysts and the amount of organic sulfin salts used when introducing aryl or alkenyl. Also, alkylation, arylation, amination, and fluorination are all possible during secondary functionalization. Therefore, the present invention can be usefully used in preparation and mass production of various kinds of sulfones and derivatives thereof including asymmetric sulfone derivatives.
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Paragraph 0969-0970; 0972-0975
(2021/04/29)
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- Cyanide-Mediated Synthesis of Sulfones and Sulfonamides from Vinyl Sulfones
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We report a facile synthesis of sulfones, β-keto sulfones, and sulfonamides from vinyl sulfones via an addition-elimination sequence where in situ generation of nucleophilic sulfinate ion is mediated by cyanide. The use vinyl sulfones renders high selectivity for S -alkylation to produce sulfones in high yields. In the presence of N -bromosuccinimide, primary and secondary amines underwent sulfonamide formation. A preliminary mechanistic study showed the formation of acrylonitrile as an innocent byproduct, without interfering with the desired reaction pathway while generating a sulfinate nucleophile.
- Lee, Ji-Woong,Roy, Tamal
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p. 455 - 458
(2020/03/13)
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- Efficient and Practical Synthesis of Sulfonamides Utilizing SO2 Gas Generated on Demand
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A simple and practical protocol was developed for the synthesis of sulfonamides by reacting organometallic reagents with SO2 gas generated on demand. SO2 was generated from readily available reagents safely in a highly contained and controlled fashion. The protocol allows the synthesis of sulfonamides without using either atom-inefficient SO2 surrogates or a SO2 cylinder that requires stringent storage regulations in the laboratory. The protocol was successfully applied to the synthesis of sildenafil.
- Chung Leung, Gulice Yiu,Ramalingam, Balamurugan,Loh, Gabriel,Chen, Anqi
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p. 546 - 554
(2020/04/22)
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- Sulfonamide Synthesis through Electrochemical Oxidative Coupling of Amines and Thiols
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Sulfonamides are key motifs in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, spurring the continuous development of novel and efficient synthetic methods to access these functional groups. Herein, we report an environmentally benign electrochemical method which enables the oxidative coupling between thiols and amines, two readily available and inexpensive commodity chemicals. The transformation is completely driven by electricity, does not require any sacrificial reagent or additional catalysts and can be carried out in only 5 min. Hydrogen is formed as a benign byproduct at the counter electrode. Owing to the mild reaction conditions, the reaction displays a broad substrate scope and functional group compatibility.
- Laudadio, Gabriele,Barmpoutsis, Efstathios,Schotten, Christiane,Struik, Lisa,Govaerts, Sebastian,Browne, Duncan L.,No?l, Timothy
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supporting information
(2019/04/16)
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- Sulfonamide Synthesis through Electrochemical Oxidative Coupling of Amines and Thiols
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Sulfonamides are key motifs in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, spurring the continuous development of novel and efficient synthetic methods to access these functional groups. Herein, we report an environmentally benign electrochemical method which enables the oxidative coupling between thiols and amines, two readily available and inexpensive commodity chemicals. The transformation is completely driven by electricity, does not require any sacrificial reagent or additional catalysts and can be carried out in only 5 min. Hydrogen is formed as a benign byproduct at the counter electrode. Owing to the mild reaction conditions, the reaction displays a broad substrate scope and functional group compatibility.
- Laudadio, Gabriele,Barmpoutsis, Efstathios,Schotten, Christiane,Struik, Lisa,Govaerts, Sebastian,Browne, Duncan L.,No?l, Timothy
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supporting information
p. 5664 - 5668
(2019/04/17)
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- Hypervalent Iodine Mediated Sulfonamide Synthesis
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A new metal-free sulfonylation reaction is described. The method takes advantage of the Umpolung reactivity and group-transfer properties of iodine(III) compounds, combining hypervalent iodine reagents and sulfinate salts to deliver a clean and mild transfer of sulfonyl groups to amines and anilines. A total of 25 sulfonamides was synthesised in up to 99 % yield, even on gram-scale. The reaction mechanism was investigated by ESI-MS and DFT calculations.
- Poeira, Diogo L.,Macara, Jo?o,Faustino, Hélio,Coelho, Jaime A. S.,Gois, Pedro M. P.,Marques, M. Manuel B.
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supporting information
p. 2695 - 2701
(2019/04/08)
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- Cu-catalyzed aerobic oxidative synthesis of sulfonamides from sulfonyl hydrazides and amines
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An environmentally friendly route for sulfonamides has been developed. The oxidative coupling of sulfonyl hydrazides and amines was catalyzed by CuBr2 to produce various sulfonamides with the water and nitrogen gas as byproducts. Preliminary experiments revealed that the sulfonyl radical is likely to be involved in the reaction mechanism.
- Chung, Sohyun,Kim, Jinho
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supporting information
p. 792 - 795
(2019/02/16)
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- PTAB mediated open air synthesis of sulfonamides, thiosulfonates and symmetrical disulfanes
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A facile methodology has been described which has successfully simplified the generation of sulfonamides, thiosulfonates and symmetric disulfanes. This “trio” of reactions occur in an open air metal free atmosphere and has also been scaled up to grams making it suitable for commercialization. The reactions also have been successfully carried out with asymmetric variants, thus contributing to the chiral pool. The user friendly “trio” enables easy generation of these versatile sulfur analogues and the reaction condition employed depict an economic outline.
- Sarkar, Debayan,Ghosh, Manoj Kumar,Rout, Nilendri
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supporting information
p. 2360 - 2364
(2018/05/24)
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- Potassium tert-butoxide-mediated metal-free synthesis of sulfonamides from sodium sulfinates and N,N-disubstituted formamides
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By using formamides as amine sources, a novel and efficient KO-t-Bu mediated amination of sodium sulfinates has been developed. The reaction utilizes readily available starting materials under metal-free conditions, thus providing an alternative and attractive route to sulfonamides.
- Bao, Xiaodong,Rong, Xiaona,Liu, Zhiguo,Gu, Yugui,Liang, Guang,Xia, Qinqin
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supporting information
p. 2853 - 2858
(2018/06/25)
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- A Route to O-Aminosulfonates and Sulfonamides through Insertion of Sulfur Dioxide and Hydrogen Atom Transfer
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A three-component reaction of aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates, the 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane?bis(sulfur dioxide) adduct [DABCO?(SO2)2] and hydroxylamines under catalyst-free and additive-free conditions has been developed, providing aryl O-aminosulfonates in good yields. Sulfonamides could also be obtained via a one-pot process through the reaction of aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates, DABCO?(SO2)2 and amines in the presence of N-hydroxybenzotriazole. A mechanism involving the insertion of sulfur dioxide and hydrogen atom transfer is proposed and supported by theoretical calculations. (Figure presented.).
- Liu, Tong,Zheng, Danqing,Li, Zhenhua,Wu, Jie
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supporting information
p. 2653 - 2659
(2017/08/16)
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- One-Pot Synthesis of Sulfonamides from Sodium Sulfinates and Amines via Sulfonyl Bromides
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a new and convenient procedure has been developed for the preparation of sulfonamides from sodium sulfinates and amines with (n-C4H9)4NBr as bromine source and m-chloroperbenzoic acid as oxidant. This S-N bond formation reaction proceeds efficiently via sulfonyl bromides under neutral conditions to afford the corresponding sulfonamides in good yields at room temperature.
- Wu, Sixue,Zhang, Yikun,Zhu, Min,Yan, Jie
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p. 2699 - 2704
(2016/11/30)
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- Iron-catalyzed synthesis of arylsulfinates through radical coupling reaction
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A novel strategy for installation of a sulfonyl fragment into arenes has been accomplished via an iron-catalyzed radical coupling reaction. Arene radicals derived from diaryliodoniums via single electron transfer reaction combine with sulfoxylate anion radicals readily generated from commercially available rongalite (HOCH2SO2Na·2H2O) to afford arylsulfinates efficiently at room temperature. In this protocol, a broad range of functional groups are tolerated to give products in good yields.
- Zhang, Weixi,Luo, Meiming
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supporting information
p. 2980 - 2983
(2016/02/19)
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- Method for preparing aryl sulfinate
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The invention provides a method for preparing an aryl sulfinate compound through the reaction of diaryl iodonium salt and sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate.At room temperature, the diaryl iodonium salt reacts with the sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate for 10-120 minutes to generate the corresponding aryl sulfinate compound.The method has the advantages that the reaction conditions are mild, the used reagents re easy to obtain, the application range of a substrate is wide, operation is simple, reaction is quick, and the like.
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Paragraph 0017; 0018
(2016/10/08)
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- Metal-free synthesis of sulfonamides via iodine-catalyzed oxidative coupling of sulfonyl hydrazides and amines
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A novel, rapid, and environmentally-friendly protocol for the synthesis of sulfonamides using iodine as catalyst under solvent-free conditions is described. This method involves the oxidative coupling of sulfonyl hydrazides and amines in the presence of catalytic amount of iodine using TBHP as oxidant. This protocol does not require purification techniques such as column chromatography and recrystalization.
- Parumala, Santosh Kumar Reddy,Peddinti, Rama Krishna
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supporting information
p. 1232 - 1235
(2016/03/01)
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- Metal-free direct construction of sulfonamides via iodine- mediated coupling reaction of sodium sulfinates and amines at room temperature
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A simple, practical, and metal-free protocol has been developed for the synthesis of sulfonamides from sodium sulfinates and various amines through an iodine-mediated SN bond formation reaction at room temperature. This green reaction is cost-effective, operationally straightforward, and especially proceeds under very mild conditions to afford the target products in good to excellent yields (up to 98%).
- Wei, Wei,Liu, Chunli,Yang, Daoshan,Wen, Jiangwei,You, Jinmao,Wang, Hua
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supporting information
p. 987 - 992
(2015/03/30)
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- Sulfonamide formation from sodium sulfinates and amines or ammonia under metal-free conditions at ambient temperature
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A novel, practical and highly efficient method for the construction of a variety of sulfonamides mediated by I2 was demonstrated. The reaction proceeds readily at room temperature using a variety of sodium sulfinates and amines or ammonia in water in a metal-, base-, ligand-, or additive-free protocol. Primary, secondary and tertiary sulfonamides were obtained in good to excellent yields with a broad range of functional group tolerability. This journal is
- Yang, Kai,Ke, Miaolin,Lin, Yuanguang,Song, Qiuling
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supporting information
p. 1395 - 1399
(2015/03/18)
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- Copper-catalyzed electrophilic amination of sodium sulfinates at room temperature
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By using O-benzoyl hydroxylamines as amine sources, the first convenient copper-catalyzed electrophilic amination of sodium sulfinates has been realized. Even with 2 mol% catalyst loading, the protocol provided an efficient and straightforward synthesis of a broad range of functional sulfonamides under ambient reaction conditions without an additional base and ligand. Based on the control experiments, a plausible mechanism was proposed.
- Zhu, Haibo,Shen, Yajing,Deng, Qinyue,Tu, Tao
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supporting information
p. 16573 - 16576
(2015/11/18)
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- Visible Light Photocatalytic Reduction of O-Thiocarbamates: Development of a Tin-Free Barton-McCombie Deoxygenation Reaction
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The Barton-McCombie deoxygenation is one of the most important transformations in the toolbox of organic chemists which has been the subject of a number of methodological developments. In this study, we report a photocatalyzed redox deoxygenation of secondary and tertiary alcohols from thiocarbamate precursors under visible light activation. The iridium complex Ir(ppy)3 proved to be the most efficient catalyst in the presence of Hünig's base as sacrifial electron donor. A mechanistic investigation is presented based on fluorescence quenching experiments and cyclic voltammetry.
- Chenneberg, Ludwig,Baralle, Alexandre,Daniel, Marion,Fensterbank, Louis,Goddard, Jean-Philippe,Ollivier, Cyril
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supporting information
p. 2756 - 2762
(2016/02/19)
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- Catalytic conversion of aryl triazenes into aryl sulfonamides using sulfur dioxide as the sulfonyl source
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Various sulfonamides have been synthesized from triazenes and sulfur dioxide. In the presence of just a catalytic amount of BF3· OEt2, a series of 1-aryl-triazenes were converted into sulfonyl hydrazines in good to excellent yields. When using CuCl2 as the catalyst, the corresponding sulfonamides can be produced from the 1-aryl triazenes in good yields. This journal is the Partner Organisations 2014.
- Li, Wanfang,Beller, Matthias,Wu, Xiao-Feng
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supporting information
p. 9513 - 9516
(2014/08/18)
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- Radical cyclizations of cyclic ene sulfonamides occur with β-elimination of sulfonyl radicals to form polycyclic imines
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Radical cyclizations of cyclic ene sulfonamides provide stable bicyclic and tricyclic aldimines and ketimines in good yields. Depending on the structure of the precursor, the cyclizations occur to provide fused and spirocyclic imines with five-, six-, and seven-membered rings. The initial radical cyclization produces an α-sulfonamidoyl radical that undergoes elimination to form the imine and a phenylsulfonyl radical. In a related method, 3,4-dihydroquinolines can also be produced by radical translocation reactions of N-(2- iodophenylsulfonyl)tetrahydroiso-quinolines. In either case, very stable sulfonamides are cleaved to form imines (rather than amines) under mild reductive conditions.
- Zhang, Hanmo,Hay, E. Ben,Geib, Steven J.,Curran, Dennis P.
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p. 16610 - 16617
(2013/12/04)
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- Sulfonamide synthesis via oxyma-O-sulfonates - Compatibility to acid sensitive groups and solid-phase peptide synthesis
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A milder and more efficient procedure for the synthesis of sulfonamides by activating sulfonic acid groups as the corresponding sulfonate esters of ethyl 2-cyano-2-(hydroxyimino)acetate (Oxyma) is reported. This method is greener than all other existing protocols for the purpose. Other important advantages lie in (a) its applicability to less nucleophilic anilines under ambient and milder conditions and (b) its compatibility with solid phase peptide synthesis and acid-labile groups such as trityl (Trt) and tBu, which empowers the solid phase synthesis of sulfonamides of various peptides. To illustrate this, the syntheses of three sulfonamide derivatives of the peptide GAILG-NH2, which is relevant in the context of drug design against type 2 diabetes, are demonstrated by using Fmoc-based solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). The activation of sulfonic acids as their corresponding O-sulfonate esters facilitates sulfonamide synthesis, which can be applied to those substrates that possess acid-labile functional groups and is compatible with solid phase synthesis. Copyright
- Palakurthy, Nani Babu,Dev, Dharm,Rana, Shubhasmin,Nadimpally, Krishna Chaitanya,Mandal, Bhubaneswar
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p. 2627 - 2633
(2013/06/04)
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- Synthesis and applications of Fe3O4- diisopropylaminoacetamide as a versatile and reusable magnetic nanoparticle supported N,N-diisopropylethylamine equivalent
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A magnetic nanoparticle supported N,N-diisopropylaminoacetamide (Fe 3O4-DIPA) was developed for application as a magnetic recoverable, and reusable N,N-diisopropylethylamine equivalent. The Fe 3O4 nanoparticles were coated with a silica layer using the sol-gel method, followed by surface modification with 3- aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Subsequent acylation with chloroacetyl chloride and chlorine displacement with diisopropylamine afforded Fe3O 4-DIPA in 90% yield with a loading of 0.96 mmol/g. The applicability of Fe3O4-DIPA was demonstrated in the synthesis of amine derivatives cv sulfonation, acylation, and N-alkylation reactions. The desired products were obtained in excellent yields and purities after scavenging the residual starting amines by treatment with silica-supported dichlorotriazine. Fe3O4-DIPA was readily recovered by separation using a magnet and could be reused several times without significant loss of reactivity.
- Rattanaburi, Parintip,Khumraksa, Bannarak,Pattarawarapan, Mookda
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 2689 - 2693
(2012/07/17)
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- CsF-Celite as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for sulfonylation and desulfonylation of heteroatoms
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CsF-Celite is found to be as an efficient reusable catalyst for sulfonylation and desulfonylation of heteroatoms. Sulfonamides and N-acylsulfonamides deprotect efficiently in the presence of CsF-Celite under solvent free conditions to give the free amines or amides in good to excellent yields.
- Tamaddon, Fatemeh,Nasiri, Alireza,Farokhi, Somayeh
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experimental part
p. 1477 - 1482
(2012/06/18)
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- ZnO and ZnO-nanoparticles: Efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalysts for one-pot synthesis of N-acylsulfonamides and sulfonate esters
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Commercially available and preparative ZnO nanoparticles are reported as efficient and reusable catalysts for the chemoselective synthesis of N-acylsulfonamides and sulfonate esters. A one-pot sequential sulfonylation and acylation of amines took place to afford the N-acylsulfonamides in excellent yields under solvent-free conditions. The ZnO catalyst can be reused for without significant loss of catalytic activity.
- Tamaddon, Fatemeh,Sabeti, Mohammad Reza,Jafari, Abbas Ali,Tirgir, Farhang,Keshavarz, Elham
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experimental part
p. 41 - 45
(2012/01/12)
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- DABCO-bis (sulfur dioxide), DABSO, as a convenient source of sulfur dioxide for organic synthesis: Utility in sulfonamide and sulfamide preparation
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The charge-transfer complex generated from the combination of DABCO and sulfur dioxide, DABSO, is a bench-stable colorless solid suitable for use in organic synthesis as a replacement for gaseous sulfur dioxide. The complex can be combined with Grignard reagents to form sulfinates, which can then be converted in situ to a series of sulfonamides. Alternatively, reaction with anilines and iodine leads to the formation of a series of sulfamides. Cheletropic addition between DABSO and 2,3-dimethylbutadiene provides the corresponding sulfolene.
- Woolven, Holly,Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Carlos,Marco, Isabel,Thompson, Amber L.,Willis, Michael C.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 4876 - 4878
(2011/12/05)
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- An easy microwave-assisted synthesis of sulfonamides directly from sulfonic acids
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(Chemical Equation Presented) An easy and handy synthesis of sulfonamides directly from sulfonic acids or its sodium salts is reported. The reaction is performed under microwave irradiation, has shown a good functional group tolerance, and is high yielding.
- De Luca, Lidia,Giacomelli, Giampaolo
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p. 3967 - 3969
(2008/09/19)
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- Benzenesulfonyl chloride with primary and secondary amines in aqueous media - Unexpected high conversions to sulfonamides at high pH
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We have determined pH-yield profiles under pseudo-first-order conditions of the reactions of benzenesulfonyl chloride with a set of primary and secondary water-soluble alkylamines, and have found with certain amines, such as dibutylamine, a profile taking the form of a sigmoid pH-yield curve with relatively high yields of the sulfonamide persisting with increasing basicity up to and including 1.0 mol/L sodium hydroxide. This behaviour is quantitatively accounted for by invoking, in addition to the usual second-order reaction of the sulfonyl chloride with the amine, two third-order terms (i) one first-order in sulfonyl chloride, amine and hydroxide anion, and (H) another first-order in sulfonyl chloride and second-order in the amine. The importance of the third-order terms correlates approximately with the total number of alkyl carbon atoms in the amine, and this in turn is regarded as related to the hydrophobic character of the amine. Experiments to test this picture included: (i) observation of a bell-shaped curve with bis(2-methoxyethyl)amine, (H) in the reaction of dibutylamine in THF-H2O (1:1), and also (iii) in the reaction of dibutylamine in 1.0 mol/L tetrabutylammonium bromide, and (iv) increase in the contributions of the third-order terms in 1.0 mol/L aqueous sodium chloride. Preparative reactions with dibutylamine, 1-octylamine, and hexamethylenimine in 1.0 mol/L aqueous sodium hydroxide with a 5% excess of benzenesulfonyl chloride gave, respectively, 94%, 98%, and 97% yields of the corresponding sulfonamides.
- King, James F.,Gill, Manjinder S.,Ciubotaru, Petru
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p. 1525 - 1535
(2007/10/03)
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- Effect of Amine Nature on Reaction Rate and Mechanism in Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of 2,4-Dinitrophenyl X-Substituted Benzenesulfonates with Alicyclic Secondary Amines
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Second-order rate constants have been measured for reactions of 2,4-dinitrophenyl X-substituted benzenesulfonates with a series of alicyclic secondary amines. The reaction proceeds through S-O and C-O bond fission pathways competitively. The S-O bond fission occurs more dominantly as the amine basicity increases and the substituent X in the sulfonyl moiety becomes more strongly electron withdrawing, indicating that the regioselectivity is governed by the amine basicity as well as the electronic nature of the substituent X. The S-O bond fission proceeds through an addition intermediate with a change in the rate-determining step at pKa° = 9.1. The secondary amines are more reactive than primary amines of similar basicity for the S-O bond fission. The k1 value has been determined to be larger for reactions with secondary amines than with primary amines of similar basicity, which fully accounts for their higher reactivity. The second-order rate constants for the S-O bond fission result in linear Yukawa-Tsuno plots while those for the C-O bond fission exhibit poor correlation with the electronic nature of the substituent X. The distance effect and the nature of reaction mechanism have been suggested to be responsible for the poor correlation for the C-O bond fission pathway.
- Um, Ik-Hwan,Chun, Sun-Mee,Chae, Ok-Mi,Fujio, Mizue,Tsuno, Yuho
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p. 3166 - 3172
(2007/10/03)
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- Ionic liquid enabled sulfamoylation of arenes: An ambient, expeditious and regioselective protocol for aryl sulfonamides
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The ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloroaluminate, [bmim]Cl·AlCl3, N=0.67 mediated syntheses of aromatic sulfonamides via electrophilic substitution of arenes is reported. The protocol serves as a distinctly expeditious and ambient route towards the syntheses of these pharmaceutically useful compounds, yielding quantitative conversions at room temperature within 5-30min in most of the cases. The Lewis acidity and molar stoichiometry of the ionic liquid influences the extent of conversion. The method has been used for the syntheses of a diverse range of sulfonamides by variation of arenes and sulfamoyl chlorides. With monosubstituted benzenes, the protocol offers an added advantage of exclusive selectivity towards the formation of para substituted sulfonamides over the ortho products.
- Naik, Prashant U.,Harjani, Jitendra R.,Nara, Susheel J.,Salunkhe, Manikrao M.
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p. 1933 - 1936
(2007/10/03)
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- Facile one-pot synthesis of aromatic and heteroaromatic sulfonamides
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A series of arene and heteroarene sulfonamides were prepared in one vessel from aryl and heteroaryl bromides via conversion into the corresponding Grignard reagents using either magnesium or isopropylmagnesium chloride and subsequent reaction with sulfur dioxide, sulfuryl chloride, and an amine.
- Pandya, Rina,Murashima, Takashi,Tedeschi, Livio,Barrett, Anthony G. M.
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p. 8274 - 8276
(2007/10/03)
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- Arenesulfonylheterocycles (I): Synthesis and reactions of 2-benzenesulfonyl-4,5-dichloropyridazin-3-ones with amines
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The direct sulfonylation of 4,5-dichloropyridazin-3-ones with some benzenesulfonyl chlorides in the presence of base in tetrahydrofuran gave only the corresponding N-sulfonylated product. The reaction of 2-benzenesulfonyl-4,5-dichloropyridazin-3-ones with some aliphatic amines under neutral conditions afforded 5-alkylamino-2-benzenesulfonyl-4-chloropyridazin-3-ones and/or the corresponding N-alkyl-benzenesulfonamides.
- Kweon, Deok-Heon,Kim, Ho-Kyun,Kim, Jeum-Jong,Chung, Hyun A.,Woo, Song Lee,Kim, Sung-Kyu,Yoon, Yong-Jin
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p. 203 - 211
(2007/10/03)
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- Nucleophilic reactivity towards electrophilic fluorinating agents: Reaction with N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide ((PhSO2)2NF)
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Second-order rate constants for the reaction of N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (FBS) with nucleophilic reagents, kNu (M-1 s-1), have been measured in aqueous solution at 25°C. Analysis of the reaction products shows that soft polarizable nucleophiles (I-, SCN-, Br-) react at fluorine, whereas hard nucleophiles (oxygen and nitrogen nucleophiles) react at sulfur. The ambident behaviour of this electrophile seems to be related to the relative contribution of electrostatic and orbital interactions in reaching the transition state. The preferential reaction of soft nucleophiles at fluorine and the correlation of kNu values with the one-electron oxidation potentials of the nucleophiles in water suggest that nucleophilic reactivity at fluorine is largely determined by the ease of one-electron transfer from the nucleophile to the electrophile. Nucleophilic addition to fluorine is far more sensitive to the nature of the attacking nucleophile than the corresponding reactions at both saturated (n scale) and unsaturated carbon (N+ scale). Comparison of the rate constants for the reaction of nucleophiles at the sulfonyl group with those for reaction of the same nucleophiles with 2,4-dinitrophenyl acetate reveals a similar reactivity pattern for sulfonyl sulfur and carbonyl carbon as electrophilic centres.
- Antelo, Juan M.,Crugeiras, Juan,Leis, J. Ramon,Rios, Ana
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p. 2071 - 2076
(2007/10/03)
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- 1-Phenylsulfonylbenzotriazole: A novel and convenient reagent for the preparation of benzenesulfonamides and aryl benzenesulfonates
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Readily available 1-phenylsulfonylbenzotriazole smoothly converts various aliphatic and aromatic amines and phenols into the corresponding benzenesulfonamides and benzenesulfonates in good yields.
- Katritzky,Zhang,Wu
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p. 205 - 216
(2007/10/02)
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- Regioselective Functionalization of Pyridinesulfonic Acids. Ortho-Lithiation of Tertiary 2- and 4-Pyridinesulfonamides
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Tertiary 2- and 4-pyridinesulfonamides were ortho-lithiated at low temperature by an excess of lithium diisopropylamide.Proton abstraction occurs selectively at the more acid 3-positions in the two cases. 3-Lithio-2- and -4-(piperidinosulfonyl)pyridines r
- Marsais, F.,Cronnier, A.,Trecourt, F.,Queguiner, G.
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p. 1133 - 1136
(2007/10/02)
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- Chemistry of Organic Chloramines. Formation of Arenesulfonamides by Derivatization of Organic Chloramines with Sodium Arenesulfinates
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Organic chloramines react rapidly with sodium benzenesulfinate or sodium toluenesulfinate to form arenesulfonamides.Derivatization was carried out by three different methods, one involving derivatization of pure chloramines and two involving derivatization of the chloramines generated in situ by reaction of the amine with sodium hypochlorite.Seventeen arenesulfonamides whose amine precursors included primary and secondary aliphatic amines, aromatic amines, and amino acids were synthesized in poor to excellent yields depending on the method used.Effects of structure,stability, and water solubility of the chloramine precursors are discussed.Benzenesulfonyl chloride can be isolated from the reaction of 10-4 M N-chloropiperidine with sodium benzenesulfinate.Competing hydrolysis of the sulfonyl chloride accounts for low yields of sulfonamide for dilute solutions of chloramine.
- Scully, Frank E.,Bowdring, Katherine
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p. 5077 - 5081
(2007/10/02)
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