- Electrochemical oxidative: Z -selective C(sp2)-H chlorination of acrylamides
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An electrochemical method for the oxidative Z-selective C(sp2)-H chlorination of acrylamides has been developed. This catalyst and organic oxidant free method is applicable across various substituted tertiary acrylamides, and provides access to a broad range of synthetically useful Z-β-chloroacrylamides in good yields (22 examples, 73% average yield). The orthogonal derivatization of the products was demonstrated through chemoselective transformations and the electrochemical process was performed on gram scale in flow.
- Coles, Simon J.,Hareram, Mishra Deepak,Harnedy, James,Morrill, Louis C.,Tizzard, Graham J.
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p. 12643 - 12646
(2021/12/07)
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- Synthesis of Cyclopentenones through Rhodium-Catalyzed C-H Annulation of Acrylic Acids with Formaldehyde and Malonates
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An efficient rhodium-catalyzed protocol for the synthesis of cyclopentenones based on a three-component reaction of acrylic acids, formaldehyde, and malonates via vinylic C-H activation is reported. Exploratory studies showed that 5-alkylation of as-prepared cyclopentenones could be realized smoothly by the treatment of a variety of alkyl halides with a Na2CO3/MeOH solution. Excess formaldehyde and malonate led to a multicomponent reaction that afforded the multisubstituted cyclopentenones through a Michael addition.
- Yu, Shuling,Hong, Chao,Liu, Zhanxiang,Zhang, Yuhong
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supporting information
p. 5054 - 5059
(2021/07/20)
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- Cobalt-Catalyzed Vinylic C-H Addition to Formaldehyde: Synthesis of Butenolides from Acrylic Acids and HCHO
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A carboxyl-assisted C-H functionalization of acrylic acids with formaldehyde to give butenolides is described. It is the first time that the addition of an inert vinylic C-H bond to formaldehyde has been achieved via cobalt-catalyzed C-H activation. The unique reactivity of the cobalt species was observed when compared with related Rh or Ir catalysts. γ-Hydroxymethylated butenolides were produced by the treatment of Na2CO3 after the catalytic reaction in one pot.
- Yu, Shuling,Hong, Chao,Liu, Zhanxiang,Zhang, Yuhong
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supporting information
p. 8359 - 8364
(2021/11/01)
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- Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroesterification of α-Aryl Acrylic Acids to Chiral Substituted Succinates
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A palladium-catalyzed asymmetric hydroesterification of α-aryl acrylic acids with CO and alcohol was developed, preparing a variety of chiral α-substituted succinates in moderate yields with high ee values. The kinetic profile of the reaction progress revealed that the alkene substrate first underwent the hydroesterification followed by esterification with alcohol. The origin of the enantioselectivity was elucidated by density functional theory computation.
- Ji, Xiaolei,Shen, Chaoren,Tian, Xinxin,Dong, Kaiwu
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supporting information
p. 8645 - 8649
(2021/10/25)
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- Palladium-catalyzed intermolecular C-H silylation initiated by aminopalladation
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A Pd(ii)-catalyzed intermolecular C-H silylation reaction initiated by aminopalladation has been developed. The C-H bonds were activated by an alkyl Pd(ii) species generated through aminopalladation and then disilylated with hexamethyldisilane to form disilylated indolines as the final products. The reaction provides a new method for the introduction of silyl groups into complex organic molecules.
- Ji, Xiaoming,Wei, Feng,Wan, Bin,Cheng, Cang,Zhang, Yanghui
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p. 7801 - 7804
(2020/07/27)
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- Photocatalytic Hydromethylation and Hydroalkylation of Olefins Enabled by Titanium Dioxide Mediated Decarboxylation
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A versatile method for the hydromethylation and hydroalkylation of alkenes at room temperature is achieved by using the photooxidative redox capacity of the valence band of anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2). Mechanistic studies support a radical-based mechanism involving the photoexcitation of TiO2 with 390 nm light in the presence of acetic acid and other carboxylic acids to generate methyl and alkyl radicals, respectively, without the need for stoichiometric base. This protocol is accepting of a broad scope of alkene and carboxylic acids, including challenging ones that produce highly reactive primary alkyl radicals and those containing functional groups that are susceptible to nucleophilic substitution such as alkyl halides. This methodology highlights the utility of using heterogeneous semiconductor photocatalysts such as TiO2 for promoting challenging organic syntheses that rely on highly reactive intermediates.
- Zhu, Qilei,Nocera, Daniel G.
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p. 17913 - 17918
(2020/12/04)
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- Novel multi-dentate phosphines for Pd-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation of alkynes promoted by H2O additive
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A series of novel multi (bi-/tri-/tetra-)-dentate phosphines with good robustness against water and oxygen were synthesized and fully characterized. It was found that the developed ionic tri-dentate phosphine (L2′) enabled Pd-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation of alkynes most efficiently while H2O was used as an additive instead of acid. As for L2′, its unique steric configuration with two types of potential P-P chelation modes (P?P distance of 4.31 ? and 4.36 ? respectively) to Pd-centre rendered the corresponding Pd-catalyst high activity and good stability for alkoxycarbonylation of alkynes. The in situ FT-IR analysis also verified that the formation and stability of Pd–H active species were greatly facilitated with the presence of L2′ as well as H2O additive. In addition, as an ionic phosphine, L2′ based PdCl2(MeCN)2 system immobilized in RTIL of [Bmim]NTf2 could be recycled for 7 runs without obvious activity loss or metal leaching.
- Yang, Da,Liu, Lei,Wang, Dong-Liang,Lu, Yong,Zhao, Xiao-Li,Liu, Ye
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p. 236 - 244
(2019/02/19)
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- Efficient Synthesis of Spirooxindole Pyrrolones by a Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed C?H Activation/Carbene Insertion/Lossen Rearrangement Sequence
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A rhodium(III)-catalyzed domino annulation of simple olefins with diazo oxindoles to give spirooxindole pyrrolone products is described. This reaction can be formally viewed as the result of an anomalous tandem C?H activation, carbene insertion, Lossen rearrangement, and a nucleophilic addition process. The potential utility of this reaction was further demonstrated by the late-stage diversification of drug molecules.
- Ma, Biao,Wu, Peng,Wang, Xing,Wang, Zhengyu,Lin, Hai-Xia,Dai, Hui-Xiong
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p. 13335 - 13339
(2019/08/20)
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- Electrochemistry-Enabled Ir-Catalyzed Vinylic C-H Functionalization
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Synergistic use of electrochemistry and organometallic catalysis has emerged as a powerful tool for site-selective C-H functionalization, yet this type of transformation has thus far mainly been limited to arene C-H functionalization. Herein, we report the development of electrochemical vinylic C-H functionalization of acrylic acids with alkynes. In this reaction an iridium catalyst enables C-H/O-H functionalization for alkyne annulation, affording α-pyrones with good to excellent yields in an undivided cell. Preliminary mechanistic studies show that anodic oxidation is crucial for releasing the product and regeneration of an Ir(III) intermediate from a diene-Ir(I) complex, which is a coordinatively saturated, 18-electron complex. Importantly, common chemical oxidants such as Ag(I) or Cu(II) did not give significant amounts of the desired product in the absence of electrical current under otherwise identical conditions.
- Yang, Qi-Liang,Xing, Yi-Kang,Wang, Xiang-Yang,Ma, Hong-Xing,Weng, Xin-Jun,Yang, Xiang,Guo, Hai-Ming,Mei, Tian-Sheng
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supporting information
p. 18970 - 18976
(2019/12/04)
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- Selective Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation of Alkynes: An Atom-Economic Synthesis of 1,4-Dicarboxylic Acid Diesters
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A class of novel diphosphine ligands bearing pyridine substituents was designed and synthesized for the first time. The resulting palladium complexes of L1 allow for chemo- and regioselective dialkoxycarbonylation of various aromatic and aliphatic alkynes affording a wide range of 1,4-dicarboxylic acid diesters in high yields and selectivities. Kinetic studies suggest the generation of 1,4-dicarboxylic acid diesters via cascade hydroesterification of the corresponding alkynes. Based on these investigations, the chemo- and regioselectivities of alkyne carbonylations can be controlled as shown by switching the ligand from L1 to L3 or L9 to give α,β-unsaturated esters.
- Liu, Jiawang,Dong, Kaiwu,Franke, Robert,Neumann, Helfried,Jackstell, Ralf,Beller, Matthias
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supporting information
p. 10282 - 10288
(2018/08/03)
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- Macrolide Synthesis through Intramolecular Oxidative Cross-Coupling of Alkenes
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A RhIII-catalyzed intramolecular oxidative cross-coupling between double bonds for the synthesis of macrolides is described. Under the optimized reaction conditions, macrocycles containing a diene moiety can be formed in reasonable yields and with excellent chemo- and stereoselectivity. This method provides an efficient approach to synthesize macrocyclic compounds containing a 1,3-conjugated diene structure.
- Jiang, Bing,Zhao, Meng,Li, Shu-Sen,Xu, Yun-He,Loh, Teck-Peng
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p. 555 - 559
(2018/02/21)
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- Palladium-Catalyzed C?H Silylation through Palladacycles Generated from Aryl Halides
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A highly efficient palladium-catalyzed disilylation reaction of aryl halides through C?H activation has been developed for the first time. The reaction has broad substrate scope. A variety of aryl halides can be disilylated by three types of C?H activation, including C(sp2)?H, C(sp3)?H, and remote C?H activation. In particular, the reactions are also unusually efficient. The yields are essentially quantitative in many cases, even in the presence of less than 1 mol % catalyst and 1 equivalent of the silylating reagent under relatively mild conditions. The disilylated biphenyls can be converted into disiloxane-bridged biphenyls.
- Lu, Ailan,Ji, Xiaoming,Zhou, Bo,Wu, Zhuo,Zhang, Yanghui
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p. 3233 - 3237
(2018/02/23)
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- An approach to spirooxindoles: Via palladium-catalyzed remote C-H activation and dual alkylation with CH2Br2
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A facile and efficient approach for the synthesis of spirooxindoles has been developed via the coupling of spirocyclic C,C-palladacycles with CH2Br2. The key spirocyclic palladacycles are generated catalytically via remote C-H activation. A range of spirooxindoles can be synthesized in good to excellent yields from readily available starting material.
- Shao, Changdong,Wu, Zhuo,Ji, Xiaoming,Zhou, Bo,Zhang, Yanghui
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supporting information
p. 10429 - 10432
(2017/09/25)
-
- Free-Radical-Promoted Copper-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Alkylation of α,β-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids with ICH2CF3 and Its Analogues
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A novel and efficient free-radical-promoted copper-catalyzed decarboxylative alkylation of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids with ICH2CF3 and its analogues has been developed. This methodology provides a convenient access to the synthesis of allylic trifluoromethyl and β-CF3 ketone containing compounds as well as other biologically useful fluorinated molecules and materials.
- Zhu, Yan,Gong, Juwen,Wang, Yonghui
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supporting information
p. 7428 - 7436
(2017/07/26)
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- Metal-Free Synthesis of 3-Arylquinolin-2-ones from N,2-Diaryl- acrylamides via Phenyliodine(III) Bis(2,2-dimethylpropanoate)- Mediated Direct Oxidative C?C Bond Formation
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Treatment of N,2-diarylacrylamides with the organoiodine(III) compound phenyliodine(III) bis(2,2-dimethylpropanoate) [PhI(O2C-t-Bu)2] and boron trifluoride etherate (BF3?Et2O) resulted in a direct and selective oxidative C(sp2)?C(sp2) bond formation leading to a convenient assemblage, under mild conditions, of the biologically important 3-arylquinolin-2-one skeleton. Differing from the five-membered oxindole products from oxidative cyclizations mediated by transition metals, this metal-free approach realized a direct annulation of the N-arylacrylamide into a six-membered 3-arylquinolin-2-one skeleton. (Figure presented.).
- Cao, Yang,Zhao, Hui,Zhang-Negrerie, Daisy,Du, Yunfei,Zhao, Kang
-
supporting information
p. 3610 - 3615
(2016/11/25)
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- Copper-Catalyzed Aerobic Decarboxylation/Ketooxygenation of Electron-Deficient Alkenes
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A copper-catalyzed ketooxygenation of electron-deficient alkenes was developed. This approach combines O-H alkylation, aerobic decarboxylation, and oxygenation in one transformation. Mechanistic investigation of this reaction showed that the copper salt is responsible for both generating the amidoxyl radical and promoting aerobic decarboxylation.
- Lu, Qingquan,Peng, Pan,Luo, Yi,Zhao, Ying,Zhou, Minxian,Lei, Aiwen
-
supporting information
p. 18580 - 18583
(2016/01/25)
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- COMBINATIONS OF AKT INHIBITOR COMPOUNDS AND VEMURAFENIB, AND METHODS OF USE
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The invention provides a combination of a) a compound of Formula Ia: [insert Formula Ia], or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and b) vemurafenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of a hy
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- COMBINATIONS OF AKT AND MEK INHIBITOR COMPOUNDS, AND METHODS OF USE
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The invention provides combinations comprising a) compound of formula I : (formula I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and another agent selected from GDC-0973, PD-0325901, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The combinations are
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- Discovery and preclinical pharmacology of a selective ATP-competitive Akt inhibitor (GDC-0068) for the treatment of human tumors
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The discovery and optimization of a series of 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[d] pyrimidine compounds that are ATP-competitive, selective inhibitors of protein kinase B/Akt is reported. The initial design and optimization was guided by the use of X-ray structures of inhibitors in complex with Akt1 and the closely related protein kinase A. The resulting compounds demonstrate potent inhibition of all three Akt isoforms in biochemical assays and poor inhibition of other members of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase/protein kinase G/protein kinase C extended family and block the phosphorylation of multiple downstream targets of Akt in human cancer cell lines. Biological studies with one such compound, 28 (GDC-0068), demonstrate good oral exposure resulting in dose-dependent pharmacodynamic effects on downstream biomarkers and a robust antitumor response in xenograft models in which the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin pathway is activated. 28 is currently being evaluated in human clinical trials for the treatment of cancer.
- Blake, James F.,Xu, Rui,Bencsik, Josef R.,Xiao, Dengming,Kallan, Nicholas C.,Schlachter, Stephen,Mitchell, Ian S.,Spencer, Keith L.,Banka, Anna L.,Wallace, Eli M.,Gloor, Susan L.,Martinson, Matthew,Woessner, Richard D.,Vigers, Guy P.A.,Brandhuber, Barbara J.,Liang, Jun,Safina, Brian S.,Li, Jun,Zhang, Birong,Chabot, Christine,Do, Steven,Lee, Leslie,Oeh, Jason,Sampath, Deepak,Lee, Brian B.,Lin, Kui,Liederer, Bianca M.,Skelton, Nicholas J.
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p. 8110 - 8127
(2012/11/13)
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- N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed umpolung of Michael acceptors for intermolecular reactions
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leahciM! The N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed umpolung of Michael acceptors proceeds through the formation of a deoxy-Breslow intermediate (see scheme; EWG=electron-withdrawing group). This nucleophilic species can react with other Michael acceptors in an intermolecular fashion, thereby resulting in the formation of homo- or heterodimeric olefins. This "Michael umpolung" should become a valuable method for the formation of densely functionalized olefins.
- Biju, Akkattu T.,Padmanaban, Mohan,Wurz, Nathalie E.,Glorius, Frank
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 8412 - 8415
(2011/10/31)
-
- Palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction of -diazocarbonyl compounds with aromatic boronic acids or halides
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Efficient palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of -diazocarbonyl compounds and arylboronic acids or aryl halides have been developed. The reaction proceeds smoothly for a range of diazo compounds, boronic acids, and halides. The coupling reaction conditions tolerate various substituents on the aromatic rings of the substrates, such as chloro, fluoro, acyl, oxo, ester, and nitro groups. This coupling reaction constitutes a novel access to -aryl-substituted ,-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. Mechanistically, palladium-carbene is supposed to be the key intermediate; its formation is followed by migratory insertion of an aryl group to the carbenic carbon of the palladium-carbene complex and subsequent -hydride elimination. Kinetic isotope effect (KIE) data measured for intra- and intermolecular competition experiments suggest that -hydride elimination is not involved in the rate-determining step
- Peng, Cheng,Yan, Guobin,Wang, Yan,Jiang, Yubo,Zhang, Yan,Wang, Jianbo
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experimental part
p. 4154 - 4168
(2011/02/25)
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- Room-temperature, ligand- and base-free heck reactions of aryl diazonium salts at low palladium loading: Sustainable preparation of substituted stilbene derivatives
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The Pd(OAc)2-catalyzed Heck reaction of aryl diazonium salts with 2-arylacrylates led to cis-stilbenes with good to excellent stereoselectivity. The environmentally friendly protocol developed in this work features low palladium loading in technical-grade methanol at room temperature under base-, additive-, and ligand-free condi-tions. The same protocol applied to simple Heck coupling of aryl diazonium salts with methyl acrylate allows as-tonishingly low palladium loading, down to 0.005 mol %. The stereoselectivity experimentally observed for the synthesis of cis-stilbenes has been rationalized by DFT calculations. Moreover, the role of methanol in promoting the reaction has been clarified by a computational study.
- Felpin, Francois-Xavier,Miqueu, Karinne,Sotiropoulos, Jean-Marc,Fouquet, Eric,Ibarguren, Oier,Laudien, Julia
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experimental part
p. 5191 - 5204
(2010/08/20)
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- Discovery of pyrrolopyrimidine inhibitors of Akt
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The discovery and optimization of a series of pyrrolopyrimidine based protein kinase B (Pkb/Akt) inhibitors discovered via HTS and structure based drug design is reported. The compounds demonstrate potent inhibition of all three Akt isoforms and knockdown of phospho-PRAS40 levels in LNCaP cells and tumor xenografts.
- Blake, James F.,Kallan, Nicholas C.,Xiao, Dengming,Xu, Rui,Bencsik, Josef R.,Skelton, Nicholas J.,Spencer, Keith L.,Mitchell, Ian S.,Woessner, Richard D.,Gloor, Susan L.,Risom, Tyler,Gross, Stefan D.,Martinson, Matthew,Morales, Tony H.,Vigers, Guy P.A.,Brandhuber, Barbara J.
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scheme or table
p. 5607 - 5612
(2010/11/17)
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- Discovery of dihydrothieno- and dihydrofuropyrimidines as potent pan Akt inhibitors
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Herein we report the discovery and synthesis of a novel series of dihydrothieno- and dihydrofuropyrimidines (2 and 3) as potent pan Akt inhibitors. Utilizing previous SAR and analysis of the amino acid sequences in the binding site we have designed inhibi
- Bencsik, Josef R.,Xiao, Dengming,Blake, James F.,Kallan, Nicholas C.,Mitchell, Ian S.,Spencer, Keith L.,Xu, Rui,Gloor, Susan L.,Martinson, Matthew,Risom, Tyler,Woessner, Richard D.,Dizon, Faith,Wu, Wen-I,Vigers, Guy P.A.,Brandhuber, Barbara J.,Skelton, Nicholas J.,Prior, Wei Wei,Murray, Lesley J.
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scheme or table
p. 7037 - 7041
(2010/12/25)
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- HYDROXYLATED PYRIMIDYL CYCLOPENTANES AS AKT PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITORS
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The present invention provides compounds, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, comprising the Formula (I): Also provided are methods of using the compounds of this invention as AKT protein kinase inhibitors and for the treatment of hyperpr
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Page/Page column 29
(2009/09/04)
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- PYRROLOPYRIDINES AS KINASE INHIBITORS
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Compounds of Formula (I) are useful for inhibition of CHK1 and/or CHK2. Methods of using compounds of Formula (I) and stereoisomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, for in vitro, in situ, and in vivo diagnosis, prevention or treatment of such disorders in mammalian cells, or associated pathological conditions are disclosed.Formula, (I).
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Page/Page column 51; 66-67
(2009/09/04)
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- PYRAZOLOPYRIDINES AS KINASE INHIBITORS
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Compounds of Formula I are useful for inhibition of CHK1 and/or CHK2. Methods of using compounds of Formula I and stereoisomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, for in vitro, in situ, and in vivo diagnosis, prevention or treatment of such disorders in mammalian cells, or associated pathological conditions are disclosed.
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Page/Page column 43
(2009/09/04)
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- HYDROXYLATED AND METHOXYLATED CYCLOPENTA [D] PYRIMIDINES AS AKT PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITORS
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The present invention provides compounds, including resolved enantiomers, resolved diastereomers, solvates and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, comprising the Formula (I). Also provided are methods of using the compounds of this invention as AKT protein kinase inhibitors and for the treatment of hyperproliferative diseases such as cancer.
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- CYCLOPENTA [D] PYRIMIDINES AS AKT PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITORS
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The present invention provides compounds of Formula I, including tautomers, resolved enantiomers, diastereomers, solvates, metabolites, salts and pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs thereof. Formula (I). Also provided are methods of using the compounds of this invention as AKT protein kinase inhibitors and for the treatment of hyperproliferative diseases such as cancer.
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- Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of α-diazocarbonyl compounds with arylboronic acids
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Pd(PPh3)4-catalyzed reaction between α-diazocarbonyl compounds and arylboronic acids leads to the formation of cross-coupling products in good yields. Copyright
- Peng, Cheng,Wang, Yan,Wang, Jianbo
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p. 1566 - 1567
(2008/09/17)
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- Efficient heterogeneous palladium-montmorillonite catalysts for heck coupling of aryl bromides and chlorides
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New palladium catalysts were prepared using ion exchange or intercalation of Pd species into montmorillonite. The catalysts promote Heck reaction of various aromatic halides including aryl chlorides to give coupling products in high yields at low catalyst ratios down to 0.001 mol%. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
- Molnár, árpád,Papp, Attila
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p. 3130 - 3134
(2008/02/13)
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- Novel isomerization reaction of N,N-dimethyl-α-(methoxycarbonyl)-4- substituted-benzylammonium N-methylides
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Fluoride ion-induced desilylation of N,N-dimethyl-N- [(trimethylsilyl)methyl]-α-(methoxycarbonyl)4-substituted benzylammonium salts (7) gave two Stevens rearrangement products: methyl 3-(dimethylamino)- 2-(4-substituted phenyl)propionates (13) from N-methylides 8, and methyl 3- (dimethylamino)-3-(4-substituted phenyl)propionates (15) from N-benzylides 10. Additional Stevens rearrangement products, methyl 2-(dimethylamino)-3- (4-substituted phenyl)propionates (16), were competitively formed from ylides 12 when the cesium fluoride used was not predried. The mechanism of the isomerization from methylides 8, which was initially generated, to 10 and 12 is discussed.
- Zhang, Chen,Ito, Hiroto,Maeda, Yasuhiro,Shirai, Naohiro,Ikeda, Shin-Ichi,Sato, Yoshiro
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p. 581 - 586
(2007/10/03)
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- Benzothiazepines
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A compound selected from the group consisting of all possible isomeric forms, racemic or optically active of a compound of the formula STR1 wherein the substituents are defined in the specification, and their non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts having antiarhythmic activity.
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