- Discovery and structure-activity relationship of imidazolinylindole derivatives as kallikrein 7 inhibitors
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A series of imidazolinylindole derivatives were discovered as novel kallikrein 7 (KLK7, stratum corneum chymotryptic enzyme) inhibitors. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies led to the identification of potent human KLK7 inhibitors. By further modification of the benzenesulfonyl moiety to overcome species differences in inhibitory activity, potent inhibitors against both human and mouse KLK7 were identified. Furthermore, the complex structure of 25 with mouse KLK7 could explain the SAR and the cause of the species differences in inhibitory activity.
- Murafuji, Hidenobu,Muto, Tsuyoshi,Goto, Megumi,Imajo, Seiichi,Sugawara, Hajime,Oyama, Yoshiaki,Minamitsuji, Yutaka,Miyazaki, Shuji,Murai, Kenichi,Fujioka, Hiromichi
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- Stereospecific cross-coupling reactions of aryl-substituted tetrahydrofurans, tetrahydropyrans, and lactones
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The stereospecific ring-opening of O-heterocycles to provide acyclic alcohols and carboxylic acids with controlled formation of a new C-C bond is reported. These reactions provide new methods for synthesis of acyclic polyketide analogs with complex stereochemical arrays. Stereoselective synthesis of the cyclic template is utilized to control relative configuration; subsequent stereospecific nickel-catalyzed ring-opening affords the acyclic product. Aryl-substituted tetrahydrofurans and tetrahydropyrans undergo nickel-catalyzed Kumada-type coupling with a range of Grignard reagents to furnish acyclic alcohols with high diastereoselectivity. Enantioenriched lactones undergo Negishi-type cross-coupling with dimethylzinc to afford enantioenriched carboxylic acids. Application in a two-step enantioselective synthesis of an antidyslipidemia agent is demonstrated. (Chemical Equation Presented)
- Tollefson, Emily J.,Dawson, David D.,Osborne, Charlotte A.,Jarvo, Elizabeth R.
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- Synthesis, Molecular and Crystal Structure Analysis of 1-(4- Methylbenzenesulfonyl)indole-3-carbaldehyde and DFT Investigation of Its Rotational Conformers
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Two independent molecules that differ in terms of rotation about the central S-N bond comprise the asymmetric unit of the title compound 1. The molecules have a V-shape with the dihedral angles between the fused ring system and benzene ring being 79.08(6)
- Julio, Zukerman-Schpector,Madureira, Lucas Sousa,Wulf,Stefani, Helio A.,Vasconcelos, Stanley N.S.,Ng,Tiekink, Edward R.T.
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- Complex Polyheterocycles and the Stereochemical Reassignment of Pileamartine A via Aza-Heck Triggered Aryl C-H Functionalization Cascades
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Structurally complex benzo- and spiro-fused N-polyheterocycles can be accessed via intramolecular Pd(0)-catalyzed alkene 1,2-aminoarylation reactions. The method uses N-(pentafluorobenzoyloxy)carbamates as the initiating motif, and this allows aza-Heck-type alkene amino-palladation in advance of C-H palladation of the aromatic component. The chemistry is showcased in the first total synthesis of the complex alkaloid (+)-pileamartine A, which has resulted in the reassignment of its absolute stereochemistry.
- Bower, John F.,Caiger, Lewis,García-Cárceles, Javier,Hazelden, Ian R.,Jones, Benjamin T.,Langer, Thomas,Lewis, Richard J.
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p. 15593 - 15598
(2021/10/12)
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- Synthesis of Indole/Benzofuran-Containing Diarylmethanes through Palladium-Catalyzed Reaction of Indolylmethyl or Benzofuranylmethyl Acetates with Boronic Acids
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The palladium-catalyzed synthesis of indole/benzofurancontaining diarylmethanes starting from indolylmethyl or benzofuranylmethyl acetates with boronic acids has been investigated. The success of the reaction is influenced by the choice of precatalyst: with indolylmethyl acetates the reaction works well with [Pd(η3-C3H5)Cl]2/XPhos while with benzofuranylmethyl acetates Pd2(dba)3/XPhos is more efficient. The good to high yields and the simplicity of the experimental procedure make this protocol a versatile synthetic tool for the preparation of 2- and 3-substituted indoles and 2-benzo[b]furans. The methodology can be advantageously extended to the preparation of a key precursor of Zafirlukast.
- Arcadi, Antonio,Calcaterra, Andrea,Chiarini, Marco,Fabrizi, Giancarlo,Fochetti, Andrea,Goggiamani, Antonella,Iazzetti, Antonia,Marrone, Federico,Marsicano, Vincenzo,Serraiocco, Andrea
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supporting information
p. 741 - 753
(2021/11/26)
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- Catalyst-Controlled Regiodivergence in Rearrangements of Indole-Based Onium Ylides
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We have developed catalyst-controlled regiodivergent rearrangements of onium-ylides derived from indole substrates. Oxonium ylides formed in situ from substituted indoles selectively undergo [2,3]- and [1,2]-rearrangements in the presence of a rhodium and a copper catalyst, respectively. The combined experimental and density functional theory (DFT) computational studies indicate divergent mechanistic pathways involving a metal-free ylide in the rhodium catalyzed reaction favoring [2,3]-rearrangement, and a metal-coordinated ion-pair in the copper catalyzed [1,2]-rearrangement that recombines in the solvent-cage. The application of our methodology was demonstrated in the first total synthesis of the indole alkaloid (±)-sorazolon B, which enabled the stereochemical reassignment of the natural product. Further functional group transformations of the rearrangement products to generate valuable synthetic intermediates were also demonstrated.
- Nair, Vaishnavi N.,Kojasoy, Volga,Laconsay, Croix J.,Kong, Wang Yeuk,Tantillo, Dean J.,Tambar, Uttam K.
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supporting information
p. 9016 - 9025
(2021/06/30)
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- Recyclable and reusablen-Bu4NBF4/PEG-400/H2O system for electrochemical C-3 formylation of indoles with Me3N as a carbonyl source
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A safe, practical and eco-friendly electrochemical methodology for the synthesis of 3-formylated indoles has been developed by the utilization of Me3N as a novel formylating reagent. Stoichiometric oxidants, metal catalysts, and activating agents were avoided in this method, and an aqueous biphasic system ofn-Bu4NBF4/PEG-400/H2O was used as a recyclable and reusable reaction medium, which made this electrosynthesis approach more sustainable and environmentally friendly. This process expanded the substrate scope and functional group tolerance for bothN-EDG andN-EWG indoles. Furthermore, late-stage functionalization and total/formal synthesis of drugs and natural products were realized by means of this route.
- Cheng, Didi,Li, Jingyi,Li, Yujin,Ling, Fei,Liu, Lei,Liu, Tao,Zhong, Weihui
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supporting information
p. 4107 - 4113
(2021/06/17)
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- Ruthenium-on-Carbon-Catalyzed Facile Solvent-Free Oxidation of Alcohols: Efficient Progress under Solid-Solid (Liquid)-Gas Conditions
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A protocol for the ruthenium-on-carbon (Ru/C)-catalyzed solvent-free oxidation of alcohols, which proceeds efficiently under solid-solid (liquid)-gas conditions, was developed. Various primary and secondary alcohols were transformed to corresponding aldehydes and ketones in moderate to excellent isolated yields by simply stirring in the presence of 10% Ru/C under air or oxygen conditions. The solvent-free oxidation reactions proceeded efficiently regardless of the solid or liquid state of the substrates and reagents and could be applied to gram-scale synthesis without loss of the reaction efficiency. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of Ru/C was maintained after five reuse cycles.
- Park, Kwihwan,Jiang, Jing,Yamada, Tsuyoshi,Sajiki, Hironao
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p. 1200 - 1205
(2021/12/29)
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- Proton-exchanged montmorillonite-mediated reactions of hetero-benzyl acetates: Application to the synthesis of Zafirlukast
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Proton-exchanged montmorillonite (H-mont) with outstanding surface characteristics can provide abundant acidic sites in the mesopores, and serve as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of heterocycle-containing diarylmethanes via Friedel-Crafts-like alkylation of (hetero)arenes by heterobenzyl acetates under mild reaction conditions without requiring any additives or an inert atmosphere. Using this strategy, the gram-scale synthesis of indole-containing diarylmethane 13 has been accomplished in good yield for the preparation of Zafirlukast. In addition, H-mont can be applied to the nucleophilic substitution reactions of heterobenzyl acetate 5p with a variety of alcohols and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds.
- Yang, Lei,Chen, Xuan,Ni, Kaidong,Li, Yuansheng,Wu, Jianhong,Chen, Weilin,Ji, Yin,Feng, Lili,Li, Fei,Chen, Dongyin
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supporting information
(2020/06/28)
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- Phenyliodine(III) Diacetate-Mediated 1,2-ipso-Migration in Mannich Bases of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines: Preparation of N-Acetoxymethyl/Alkoxymethyl-N-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-amines
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Phenyliodine(III) diacetate-mediated 1,2-ipso-migration of an imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine ring via the formation of an aziridine intermediate in Mannich bases derived from imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines, 2-pyridylamines or arylamines, and formaldehyde is reported. The imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines bearing different substituents showed excellent migratory aptitude and resulted in corresponding N-acetoxymethyl-, N-alkoxymethyl-, and N-hydroxymethyl-N-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-amine derivatives in moderate to excellent (42 examples; 35-93%) yields. Radical trapping experiments confirmed the involvement of a non-radical intermediate. The developed protocol is amenable for a scale-up reaction, and synthetic utility of N-acetoxymethyl products was demonstrated by transforming them to corresponding N-(pyridin-2-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-amines.
- Patel, Om P. S.,Jaspal, Sonam,Shinde, Vikki N.,Nandwana, Nitesh K.,Rangan, Krishnan,Kumar, Anil
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supporting information
p. 7309 - 7321
(2020/08/21)
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- Synthesis, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, and molecular docking studies of N-arylsulfonylindoles containing an aminoguanidine, a semicarbazide, and a thiosemicarbazide moiety
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Thirty-six N-arylsulfonyl-3-substituted indoles were designed and synthesized by combining the N-arylsulfonylindoles with aminoguanidine, semicarbazide, and thiosemicarbazide, respectively. Their antibacterial activities were screened, and cytotoxic activities were evaluated. The results showed that aminoguanidines (6) exhibited much better antibacterial activity than semicarbazides (7) and thiosemicarbazides (8). Most compounds in series 6 showed potent inhibitory activity against the tested bacterial strains, including multidrug-resistant strains, with MIC values in the range of 1.08–23.46 μM. The cytotoxic activity of the compounds 6c, 6d, 6h, 6j, 6k and 6l was assessed in two human cancer cell lines A590 and SGC7901, and one human normal cell line HEK 293T. The results indicated that compounds selected exhibited excellent activity against the tested cancer cells with IC50 values in the range of 1.51–15.12 μM suggesting the potential of them as new antibacterial and anticancer agents. What's more, the results of resistance study revealed that resistance of the tested bacteria toward 6d is not easily developed. Molecular docking studies revealed that the aminoguanidine and arylsulfonylindole moieties played a significant role in binding the target site of E. coli FabH-CoA receptor.
- Song, Mingxia,Wang, Shiben,Wang, Zengtao,Fu, Zhiyang,Zhou, Shengchao,Cheng, Huabin,Liang, Zhuo,Deng, Xianqing
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p. 108 - 118
(2019/01/28)
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- Unusual Formation of Cyclopenta[ b]indoles from 3-Indolylmethanols and Alkynes
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Acid-promoted synthesis of cyclopenta[b]indole frameworks from 3-indolylmethanols and alkynes has been reported. The overall transformation represents a formal [3 + 2] annulation via rearrangement. This protocol showed good generality for the carbinol substrates as well as alkynes and allowed the generation of structurally diverse cyclopenta[b]indoles. Terminal alkynes, dialkyl-substituted internal alkynes, and alkynes with electron-deficient substituents were found to be not suitable for this transformation. Similarly, N-Ts and N-Boc groups were compatible with reaction conditions, whereas N-Ac and N-Tf failed to undergo this reaction. Isolation of vinyl chloride intermediate suggested the involvement of a vinylic carbocation intermediate. A mechanism has been proposed involving a ring-opening-ring-closing cascade followed by a 1,3-indole migration process via a spirocyclobutene intermediate.
- Gandhi, Soniya,Baire, Beeraiah
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p. 3904 - 3918
(2019/04/25)
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- Selective C-H acylation of indoles with α-oxocarboxylic acids at the C4 position by palladium catalysis
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The first Pd-catalyzed direct C-H acylation of indoles at the C4 position with α-oxocarboxylic acids using a ketone directing group is described. This reaction exhibits high regioselectivity with the tolerance of a wide scope of functional groups to afford diverse acylated indoles in moderate-to-good yields. The control experiments evidence the generation of acyl radicals via K2S2O8 promoted decarboxylation of α-oxocarboxylic acids and the involvement of a PdII/PdIV catalytic cycle. Importantly, the synthetically useful selectivity observed might be applied to prepare indole derivatives with anti-tumor activity as tubulin inhibitors.
- Zhang, Jitan,Wu, Manyi,Fan, Jian,Xu, Qiaoqiao,Xie, Meihua
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supporting information
p. 8102 - 8105
(2019/07/15)
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- A Simple, Mild and General Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes or Ketones by SO2F2/K2CO3 Using DMSO as Solvent and Oxidant
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A practical, general and mild oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to carbonyl compounds proceeds in yields of up to 99% using SO2F2 as electrophile in DMSO as both the oxidant and the solvent at ambient temperature. No moisture- and oxygen-free conditions are required. Stoichiometric amount of inexpensive K2CO3, which generates easy to separate by-products, is used as the base. Thus, 5-gram scale runs proceeded in nearly quantitative yields by a simple filtration as the work-up. The use of a polar solvent such as DMSO, which usually promotes competing Pummerer rearrangement, is also noteworthy. This protocol is compatible with a variety of common N-, O-, and S-functional groups on (hetero)arene, alkene and alkyne substrates (68 examples). The protocol was applied (99% yield) to a formal synthesis of the important cholesterol-lowering drug Rosuvastatin. (Figure presented.).
- Zha, Gao-Feng,Fang, Wan-Yin,Leng, Jing,Qin, Hua-Li
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supporting information
p. 2262 - 2267
(2019/04/17)
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- A Transition-Metal-Free One-Pot Cascade Process for Transformation of Primary Alcohols (RCH2OH) to Nitriles (RCN) Mediated by SO2F2
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A new transition-metal-free one-pot cascade process for the direct conversion of alcohols to nitriles was developed without introducing an “additional carbon atom”. This protocol allows transformations of readily available, inexpensive, and abundant alcohols to highly valuable nitriles.
- Jiang, Ying,Sun, Bing,Fang, Wan-Yin,Qin, Hua-Li
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supporting information
p. 3190 - 3194
(2019/05/21)
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- Syntheses of Polycyclic Tetrahydrofurans by Cascade Reactions Consisting of Five-Membered Ring Selective Prins Cyclization and Friedel-Crafts Cyclization
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A novel cascade reaction consisting of a five-membered ring selective Prins cyclization and a subsequent Friedel-Crafts cyclization is reported. Treatment of homocinnamyl alcohols and aromatic aldehydes with BF3·OEt2 in CH2/sub
- Sakata, Yuki,Yasui, Eiko,Takatori, Kazuhiko,Suzuki, Yuji,Mizukami, Megumi,Nagumo, Shinji
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p. 9103 - 9118
(2018/07/21)
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- Novel indole and triazole based hybrid molecules exhibit potent anti-adipogenic and antidyslipidemic activity by activating Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway
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Obesity and dyslipidemia is the two facet of metabolic syndrome, which needs further attention. Recent studies indicate triazole and indole derivatives have remarkable anti-obesity/antidyslipidemic activity. To harness the above-mentioned potential, a series of novel triazole clubbed indole derivatives were prepared using click chemistry and evaluated for anti-adipogenic activity. Based on the structure-activity relationship, essential functional groups which potentiate anti-adipogenic activity were identified. The lead compound 13m exhibited potent anti-adipogenic activity compared to its parent compounds with the IC-50 value of 1.67 μM. Further evaluation of anti-adipogenic activity was conducted in different cell lines such as C3H10T1/2 and hMSC with positive result. The anti-adipogenic effect of compound 13m was most prominent in the early phase of adipogenesis, which is driven by the G1 to S phase cell cycle arrest during mitotic clonal expansion. The mechanistic study suggests that compound 13m exhibit anti-adipogenic property by activating Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway, a known suppressor of key adipogenic genes PPARγ and C/EBPα. It is noteworthy that the compound 13m also reduced serum triglyceride, LDL and total cholesterol in Syrian Golden hamster model of dyslipidemia. The anti-adipogenic activity of compound 13m can also be correlated with decreased expression of PPARγ and increased expression of β-catenin in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) in vivo. The compound 13m also increased the expression of genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) such as PPARα and LXR1α indicating another mechanism by which compound 13m ameliorates dyslipidemia in Syrian Golden hamster model. Overall this study provides a unique perspective into the anti-adipogenic/antidyslipidemic property of triazole and indole hybrids molecules with further scope to increase the anti-adipogenic potency for therapeutic intervention of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
- Rajan, Sujith,Puri, Surendra,Kumar, Durgesh,Babu, Madala Hari,Shankar, Kripa,Varshney, Salil,Srivastava, Ankita,Gupta, Abhishek,Reddy, M. Sridhar,Gaikwad, Anil N.
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supporting information
p. 1345 - 1360
(2017/11/20)
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- A concise synthesis of cyclobrassinin and its analogues via a thiyl radical aromatic substitution
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A simple and concise approach for the synthesis of cyclobrassinin has been developed through a thiyl radical-mediated intramolecular aromatic substitution, with benzoyl peroxide as an efficient initiator and oxidant. The current method can also be utilized in the synthesis of 6 and 7-membered ring cyclobrassinin analogues in moderate to good yields. The transformation involves a formal radical 6 and 7-endo-trig cyclization of the corresponding dithiocarbamate derivatives, which were generated from indole-3-methanamines and tryptophan.
- Zhong, Xin,Chen, Ning,Xu, Jiaxi
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supporting information
p. 13549 - 13557
(2018/08/21)
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- Cyclohepta[ b]indole Synthesis through [5 + 2] Cycloaddition: Bifunctional Indium(III)-Catalyzed Stereoselective Construction of 7-Membered Ring Fused Indoles
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A new approach for the synthesis of highly functionalized tetrahydrocyclohepta[b]indoles through [5 + 2] cycloaddition was developed. Two carbon-carbon bonds were formed by the simple addition of an indium catalyst, which acted as both a δ-Lewis acid and σ-Lewis acid to activate the alkyne and unsaturated ester, respectively. The reaction could be applied to various substrates and proceeded regio- and diastereoselectively in all cases.
- Takeda, Takuya,Harada, Shinji,Okabe, Akito,Nishida, Atsushi
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p. 11541 - 11551
(2018/09/25)
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- Tandem Palladium and Isothiourea Relay Catalysis: Enantioselective Synthesis of α-Amino Acid Derivatives via Allylic Amination and [2,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement
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A tandem relay catalytic protocol using both Pd and isothiourea catalysis has been developed for the enantioselective synthesis of α-amino acid derivatives containing two stereogenic centers from readily accessible N,N-disubstituted glycine aryl esters and allylic phosphates. The optimized process uses a bench-stable succinimide-based Pd precatalyst (FurCat) to promote Pd-catalyzed allylic ammonium salt generation from the allylic phosphate and the glycine aryl ester. Subsequent in situ enantioselective [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement catalyzed by the isothiourea benzotetramisole forms syn-α-amino acid derivatives with high diastereo- and enantioselectivity. This methodology is most effective using 4-nitrophenylglycine esters and tolerates a variety of substituted cinnamic and styrenyl allylic ethyl phosphates. The use of challenging unsymmetrical N-allyl-N-methylglycine esters is also tolerated under the catalytic relay conditions without compromising stereoselectivity.
- Spoehrle, Stéphanie S. M.,West, Thomas H.,Taylor, James E.,Slawin, Alexandra M. Z.,Smith, Andrew D.
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supporting information
p. 11895 - 11902
(2017/09/07)
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- Diastereoselective Synthesis of trans-2,3-Diaryl(heteroaryl)-3,6-dihydropyrans by an Allylboration/Ring-Closing-Metathesis Sequence
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trans-2,3-Diaryl(heteroaryl)-dihydropyrans were synthesized by an allylboration/ring-closing-metathesis sequence, using allylboranes formed in situ from the corresponding allylic alcohols. Aryl(heteroaryl) substituents were thus installed diastereoselectively onto dihydropyran rings in a trans fashion. These disubstituted dihydropyrans were further transformed into monosaccharide-like tetrahydropyrans.
- Nocquet, Pierre-Antoine,Corbu, Andrei,Meerpoel, Lieven,Stansfield, Ian,Berthelot, Didier,Angibaud, Patrick,Cossy, Janine
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supporting information
p. 3343 - 3354
(2017/06/29)
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- Preliminary SAR on indole-3-carbinol and related fragments reveals a novel anticancer lead compound against resistant glioblastoma cells
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The prognosis for glioblastoma patients is, at best, poor, with the median time of survival after diagnosis measured in months. As such, there is much need for the rapid development of potent and novel treatments. Herein, we report our preliminary findings on the SAR of a series of indole-3-carbinol and related fragments and reveal a potent lead with low micromolar activity against a particularly resistant glioblastoma cell culture, providing a new platform for future development of a new therapy in this area.
- Sherer, Christopher,Tolaymat, Ibrahim,Rowther, Farzana,Warr, Tracy,Snape, Timothy J.
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supporting information
p. 1561 - 1565
(2017/03/16)
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- Base Catalysis Enables Access to α,α-Difluoroalkylthioethers
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A nucleophilic addition reaction of aryl thiols to readily available β,β-difluorostyrenes provides α,α-difluoroalkylthioethers. The reaction proceeds through an unstable anionic intermediate, prone to eliminate fluoride and generate α-fluorovinylthioethers. However, the use of base catalysis overcomes the facile β-fluoride elimination, generating α,α-difluoroalkylthioethers in excellent yields and selectivities.
- Orsi, Douglas L.,Easley, Brandon J.,Lick, Ashley M.,Altman, Ryan A.
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supporting information
p. 1570 - 1573
(2017/04/13)
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- Synthesis and bioactivity evaluation of n-arylsulfonylindole analogs bearing a rhodanine moiety as antibacterial agents
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Abstract: Due to the rapidly growing bacterial resistance to antibiotics and the scarcity of novel agents under development, bacterial infections are still a pressing global problem, making new types of antibacterial agents, which are effective both alone and in combination with traditional antibiotics, urgently needed. In this paper, seven series of N-arylsulfonylindole analogs 5–11 bearing rhodanine moieties were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for antibacterial activity. According to the in vitro antimicrobial results, half of the synthesized compounds showed potent inhibition against four Gram-positive bacteria, with MIC values in the range of 0.5–8 μg/mL. For multidrug-resistant strains, compounds 6a and 6c were the most potent, with MIC values of 0.5 μg/mL, having comparable activity to gatifloxacin, moxiflocaxin and norfloxacin and being 128-fold more potent than oxacillin (MIC = 64 μg/mL) and 64-fold more active than penicillin (MIC = 32 μg/mL) against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300.
- Song, Ming-Xia,Li, Song-Hui,Peng, Jiao-Yang,Guo, Ting-Ting,Xu, Wen-Hui,Xiong, Shao-Feng,Deng, Xian-Qing
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- [3 + 2]-Cycloadditions of Azomethine Imines and Ynolates
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A novel [3 + 2]-cycloaddition between azomethine imines and lithium ynolates is described to synthesize bicyclic pyrazolidinones. These bicyclic pyrazolidinones are versatile intermediates to form β-amino acids and monocyclic pyrazolidinones. High diaster
- Winterton, Sarah E.,Ready, Joseph M.
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supporting information
p. 2608 - 2611
(2016/06/15)
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- Facile Installation of 2-Reverse Prenyl Functionality into Indoles by a Tandem N-Alkylation-Aza-Cope Rearrangement Reaction and Its Application in Synthesis
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An unprecedented tandem N-alkylation-ionic aza-Cope (or Claisen) rearrangement-hydrolysis reaction of readily available indolyl bromides with enamines is described. Due to the complicated nature of the two processes, an operationally simple N-alkylation and subsequent microwave-irradiated ionic aza-Cope rearrangement-hydrolysis process has been uncovered. The tandem reaction serves as a powerful approach to the preparation of synthetically and biologically important, but challenging, 2-reverse quaternary-centered prenylated indoles with high efficiency. Notably, unusual nonaromatic 3-methylene-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole architectures, instead of aromatic indoles, are produced. Furthermore, the aza-Cope rearrangement reaction proceeds highly regioselectively to give the quaternary-centered reverse prenyl functionality, which often produces a mixture of two regioisomers by reported methods. The synthetic value of the resulting nonaromatic 3-methylene-2,3-dihydro-1Hindole architectures has been demonstrated as versatile building blocks in the efficient synthesis of structurally diverse 2-reverse prenylated indoles, such as indolines, indolefused sultams and lactams, and the natural product bruceolline D.
- Chen, Xiaobei,Fan, Huaqiang,Zhang, Shilei,Yu, Chenguang,Wang, Wei
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supporting information
p. 716 - 723
(2016/01/12)
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- Aromatic-ring azacyclo derivatives and application thereof
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Aromatic-ring azacyclo derivatives and an application thereof are provided. The invention relates to compounds represented by the formula (V), and a preparation method and an application thereof in medicines. In particular, the invention relates to derivatives of the compounds represented by the general formula (V), and a preparation method and the application thereof as therapeutic agents in prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hepatic steatosis, type-II diabetes, hyperglycemia, obesity or insulin resistance syndromes and metabolic syndromes. The compounds disclosed by the invention also can reduce total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, increase the expression of hepatic LDL receptors and inhibit the expression of PCSK9.
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Paragraph 0398; 0399; 0400
(2016/10/09)
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- Diastereoselective synthesis of functionalised carbazoles via a sequential Diels-Alder/ene reaction strategy
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An operationally simple one-pot, three-component, diastereoselective synthesis of saturated carbazoles and related pyridazino[3,4-b]indoles, based on two sequential intermolecular pericyclic reactions, is described. The reaction sequence involves an intermolecular Diels-Alder (D-A) reaction of a 3-vinyl-1H-indole, containing an electron withdrawing N-protecting group, with a suitable dienophile. Due to the electron withdrawing nature of the N-protecting group the resultant D-A cycloadducts are sufficiently stabilised to allow for a subsequent in situ diastereospecific intermolecular ene reaction to take place with an added enophile, generating functionalised carbazoles with relative stereocontrol of up to four stereocentres.
- Cowell, Joseph,Abualnaja, Matokah,Morton, Stephanie,Linder, Ruth,Buckingham, Faye,Waddell, Paul G.,Probert, Michael R.,Hall, Michael J.
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p. 16125 - 16152
(2015/03/04)
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- Access to biaryl sulfonamides by palladium-catalyzed intramolecular oxidative coupling and subsequent nucleophilic ring opening of heterobiaryl sultams with amines
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The installation of sulfonamide pharmacophores on heterobiaryls has successfully been executed by a previously unknown palladium-catalyzed intramolecular oxidative coupling in N-arylsulfonyl heterocycles followed by novel ring opening of heterobiaryl sultams with amine nucleophiles. The protocol has a wide scope of substrates warranting broad applications in the synthesis of heterobiaryls containing an o-sulfonyl or carboxyl functional group.
- Laha, Joydev K.,Dayal, Neetu,Jethava, Krupal P.,Prajapati, Dilip V.
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supporting information
p. 1296 - 1299
(2015/03/14)
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- Gold(I)-catalyzed dearomative rautenstrauch rearrangement: Enantioselective access to cyclopenta[ b ]indoles
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A highly enantioselective dearomative Rautenstrauch rearrangement catalyzed by cationic (S)-DTBM-Segphosgold(I) is reported. This reaction provides a straightforward method to prepare enantioenriched cyclopenta[b]indoles. These studies show vast differenc
- Zi, Weiwei,Wu, Hongmiao,Toste, F. Dean
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supporting information
p. 3225 - 3228
(2015/03/30)
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- Gold-catalyzed 1,2-iminonitronation of electron-deficient alkynes with nitrosoarenes to afford α-imidoyl nitrones
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Gold-catalyzed 1,2-iminonitronation of propiolate derivatives with nitrosoarenes to give α-imidoyl nitrones is described; this new reaction is applicable to diverse propiolate derivatives and nitrosoarenes.
- Singh, Rahulkumar Rajmani,Liu, Rai-Shung
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supporting information
p. 15864 - 15866
(2015/01/08)
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- An isothiourea-catalyzed asymmetric [2,3]-rearrangement of allylic ammonium ylides
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Benzotetramisole promotes the catalytic asymmetric [2,3]-rearrangement of allylic quaternary ammonium salts (either isolated or prepared in situ from p-nitrophenyl bromoacetate and the corresponding allylic amine), generating syn-α-amino acid derivatives with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivity (up to >95:5 dr; up to >99% ee).
- West, Thomas H.,Daniels, David S. B.,Slawin, Alexandra M. Z.,Smith, Andrew D.
-
supporting information
p. 4476 - 4479
(2014/04/17)
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- Aerobic transition-metal-free visible-light photoredox indole C-3 formylation reaction
-
An aerobic visible-light-promoted indole C-3 formylation reaction catalyzed by Rose Bengal has been developed. This transition-metal-free process employs molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant and uses TMEDA as the one-carbon source through C-N bond cleavage. The reaction is compatible with a variety of functional groups.
- Li, Xiang,Gu, Xiangyong,Li, Yongjuan,Li, Pixu
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p. 1897 - 1900
(2014/06/24)
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- Oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones with 1-acetoxy-1,2- benziodoxole-3(1H)-one derivatives
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Various benzylic and aliphatic alcohols were smoothly oxidized to the corresponding aromatic aldehydes and ketones as well as aliphatic ketones by treatment with 1-acetoxy-5-nitro-1,2-benziodoxole-3(1H)-one (ANBX), 1-acetoxy-5-bromo-1,2-benziodoxole-3(1H)-one (ABBX), 1-acetoxy-5-chloro-1,2- benziodoxole-3(1H)-one (ACBX), and 1-acetoxy-5-fluoro-1,2-benziodoxole-3(1H)-one (AFBX). These new tri-valent iodine compounds were prepared from 5-substituted 2-iodobenzoic acids and meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m-CPBA). ANBX and ABBX were the most effective reagents for this oxidation of alcohols, and this present reaction is very attractive because of the ease of product isolation and the reusability of the reagents.
- Iinuma, Masataka,Moriyama, Katsuhiko,Togo, Hideo
-
p. 772 - 780
(2014/03/21)
-
- Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes or Ketones with 1-Acetoxy-1,2-benziodoxole-3(1H)-one Derivatives
-
Various benzylic and aliphatic alcohols were smoothly oxidized to the corresponding aromatic aldehydes and ketones as well as aliphatic ketones by treatment with 1-acetoxy-5-nitro-1,2-benziodoxole-3(1H)-one (ANBX), 1-acetoxy-5-bromo-1,2-benziodoxole-3(1H)-one (ABBX), 1-acetoxy-5-chloro-1,2-benziodoxole-3(1H)-one (ACBX), and 1-acetoxy-5-fluoro-1,2-benziodoxole-3(1H)-one (AFBX). These new trivalent iodine compounds were prepared from 5-substituted 2-iodobenzoic acids and meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m-CPBA). ANBX and ABBX were the most effective reagents for this oxidation of alcohols, and this present reaction is very attractive because of the ease of product isolation and the reusability of the reagents.
- Iinuma, Masataka,Moriyama, Katsuhiko,Togo, Hideo
-
p. 772 - 780
(2015/10/05)
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- ANTICANCER AGENT
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An anticancer agent comprising a compound represented by the formula (I) [R1 represents hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, a C1-6alkoxy group and the like; R2 and R3 represents hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-6alkyl group and the like; R4 represents hydrogen atom, a C1-6alkyl group, a C1-6alkylsulfonyl group and the like; R5 represents hydrogen atom or a substituent; .... represents a single bond or a double bond; R6 and R7 represents hydrogen atom, a C1-6alkyl group and the like; R8 represents hydrogen atom, a C1-6alkyl group and the like; A represents -O-, -S-, or - CH2-; D represents -C= or -N=; X represents methylene group, -O-, or -CO-; Q represents -N= or -C(R8)=; and Y represents a heterocyclic group or amino group], which shows a superior inhibitory activity against pim-1 kinase.
- -
-
Paragraph 0239; 0244
(2013/03/26)
-
- Synthesis and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study of novel N-arylsulfonyl-3-acylindole arylcarbonyl hydrazone derivatives as nematicidal agents
-
In continuation of our program aimed at the discovery and development of natural-product-based pesticidal agents, 54 novel N-arylsulfonyl-3-acylindole arylcarbonyl hydrazone derivatives were prepared, and their structures were well characterized by 1
- Che, Zhiping,Zhang, Shaoyong,Shao, Yonghua,Fan, Lingling,Xu, Hui,Yu, Xiang,Zhi, Xiaoyan,Yao, Xiaojun,Zhang, Rui
-
p. 5696 - 5705
(2013/07/26)
-
- Aerobic oxidation of indole carbinols using Fe(NO3) 3·9H2O/TEMPO/NaCl as catalysts
-
A practical aerobic oxidation of indole carbinols using Fe(NO 3)3·9H2O/TEMPO/NaCl in DCE at room temperature and atmospheric pressure of oxygen affording aldehydes or ketones in good to excellent yields was developed. Furthermore, when using the industrially favored solvent toluene instead of DCE and air instead of pure oxygen, this protocol also works smoothly, demonstrating its high potential for possible industrial application.
- Liu, Jinxian,Ma, Shengming
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p. 4186 - 4193
(2013/07/19)
-
- A direct and mild formylation method for substituted benzenes utilizing dichloromethyl methyl ether-silver trifluoromethanesulfonate
-
A silver trifluoromethanesulfonate (AgOTf)-promoted direct and mild formylation of benzenes has been developed. The reaction utilizing dichloromethyl methyl ether (Cl2CHOMe) and AgOTf powerfully formylated various substituted benzenes under temperature conditions as low as -78 C without losing the protecting groups on the phenolic hydroxyl group.
- Ohsawa, Kosuke,Yoshida, Masahito,Doi, Takayuki
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p. 3438 - 3444
(2013/06/26)
-
- Organocatalytic asymmetric Michael addition of aliphatic aldehydes to indolylnitroalkenes: Access to contiguous stereogenic tryptamine precursors
-
Because of the importance of the indole framework and the versatile transformation of nitro and formyl groups, the efficient synthesis of optically pure 2-alkyl-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-4-nitrobutanals, one type of tryptamine precursors are of great interest for pharmaceutical and biological research. Herein, the Michael addition of aliphatic aldehydes to indolylnitroalkenes has been developed using (S)-diphenylprolinol trimethylsilyl ether as an organocatalyst, which provides the desired optically pure syn 2-alkyl-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-4-nitrobutanal derivatives in up to 98% yield with up to >99:1 dr and >99% ee. To show the synthetic usefulness of this methodology, optically active 2-alkyl-4-nitro-3-(1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)butan-1- ol and tryptamine derivatives are readily obtained by stepwise systematic transformations.
- Chen, Jian,Geng, Zhi-Cong,Li, Ning,Huang, Xiao-Fei,Pan, Feng-Feng,Wang, Xing-Wang
-
p. 2362 - 2372
(2013/05/21)
-
- Fe-catalyzed multicomponent reactions: The regioselective alkoxy allylation of activated olefins and its application in sequential Fe catalysis
-
We present herein a versatile and broadly applicable Fe-catalyzed regioselective alkoxy allylation of activated double bonds. Substituted allylic carbonates are converted into the corresponding σ-enyl Fe complexes by reaction with Bu4N[Fe(CO)s
- Dieskau, Andre P.,Holzwarth, Michael S.,Plietker, Bernd
-
supporting information; experimental part
p. 2423 - 2429
(2012/03/27)
-
- Fe-catalyzed allylic C-C-bond activation: Vinylcyclopropanes as versatile a1,a3,d5-synthons in traceless allylic substitutions and [3 + 2]-cycloadditions
-
The low-valent iron complex Bu4N[Fe(CO)3(NO)] (TBAFe) catalyzes the allylic C-C-bond activation of electron-poor vinyl cyclopropanes to generate synthetically useful a1,a3,d5-synthons which are prone to undergo multiple consecutive reactions. The versatility of this approach is demonstrated by a traceless allylic substitution and a formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition to give either functionalized acyclic products or densely substituted cyclopentanes and pyrrolidines in high yields and regioselectivities.
- Dieskau, Andre P.,Holzwarth, Michael S.,Plietker, Bernd
-
supporting information; experimental part
p. 5048 - 5051
(2012/05/05)
-
- DIAZA-SPIRO[5.5]UNDECANES AS OREXIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
-
The invention relates to compound of the formula (I), in which the substituents are as defined in the specification; in free form or in salt form; to its preparation, to its use as medicament and to medicaments comprising it.
- -
-
Page/Page column 54
(2011/07/09)
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- A total synthesis of (±)-α-cyclopiazonic acid using a cationic cascade as a key step
-
The indole alkaloid α-cyclopiazonic acid 1 has been synthesised by a route, which features at its core an acid-catalysed cationic cascade cyclisation terminated by a sulfonamide group.
- Griffiths-Jones, Charlotte M.,Knight, David W.
-
scheme or table
p. 8515 - 8528
(2011/11/29)
-
- Synthesis and evaluation of indole, pyrazole, chromone and pyrimidine based conjugates for tumor growth inhibitory activities - Development of highly efficacious cytotoxic agents
-
Based upon the lead compounds 10 and 11, a number of conjugates were synthesized by the combination of chromone-pyrimidine, chromone-indolinone, chromone-pyrazole, indole-pyrimidine, indole-indolinone and indole-pyrazole moieties. Evaluation of these compounds for tumor growth inhibitory activities over 60 human tumor cell lines provided highly efficacious compounds 15, 41, 43, 66, 69, and 72 with an average GI50 over all the 60 human tumor cell lines as 3.2 μM, 3.1 μM, 1.7 μM, 2.6 μM, 50.1 μM and 2.0 μM, respectively.
- Singh, Palwinder,Kaur, Matinder,Holzer, Wolfgang
-
experimental part
p. 4968 - 4982
(2010/11/20)
-
- Antifungal agents. Part 5: Synthesis and antifungal activities of aminoguanidine derivatives of N-arylsulfonyl-3-acylindoles
-
In order to discover more promising antifungal agents, a series of aminoguanidine derivatives of N-arylsulfonyl-3-acylindoles (5a-r) were prepared and evaluated in vitro for their antifungal activities against seven phytopathogenic fungi. Especially compo
- Xu, Hui,Wang, Yang-Yang
-
scheme or table
p. 7274 - 7277
(2011/01/12)
-
- NOVEL CURCUMIN DERIVATIVE
-
The present invention provides a novel compound that is structurally similar to curcumin and has a suppressive effect on Aβ aggregation, a degradative effect on Aβ aggregates, an inhibitory effect on β-secretase, and a protective effect on neurons. The novel compound is a compound represented by the following general formula (Ia) or a salt thereof: wherein R1 represents a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl group or the like, and R2 represents a 1H-indol-6-yl group or the like.
- -
-
Page/Page column 74-75
(2009/12/07)
-
- COMPOUNDS AND METHODS FOR TREATING PROTEIN FOLDING DISORDERS
-
The invention is directed to compounds and methods for treating protein folder disorders. In certain embodiments the invention provides compounds and methods for treating neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, tauopathy, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, Lewy body disease, dementia, Huntington's disease and prion-based spongiform encelopathy. The invention further provides compounds, methods and pharmaceutical compositions for inhibiting tau protein, Aβ protein or α-synuclein protein aggregation.
- -
-
Page/Page column 84
(2008/12/05)
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- Highly efficient and stereoselective N-vinylation of oxiranecarboxamides and unprecedented 8-endo-epoxy-arene cyclization: Expedient and biomimetic synthesis of some clausena alkaloids
-
Figure presented Catalyzed by Cul/N,N-dimethylglycine, oxiranecarboxamides underwent a highly efficient and stereoselective N-vinylation reaction with (Z)-1-aryl-2-bromoethenes to afford the corresponding enamides. The method has been applied to a straigh
- Yang, Luo,Deng, Gang,Wang, De-Xian,Huang, Zhi-Tang,Zhu, Jie-Ping,Wang, Mei-Xiang
-
p. 1387 - 1390
(2007/10/03)
-
- Synthesis of novel Murrapanine analogues by microwave irradiation
-
Some new Murrapanine analogues have been synthesized via microwave irradiation by intermolecular Diels-Alder cyclization of 1-tosyl-3-(3-methyl-1, 3-vinylallyl) indole with a dienophile such as quinone. The structure of the compounds has been characterize
- Guo, Xiaohe,Hu, Weidong,Cheng, Senxiang,Wang, Limin,Chang, Junbiao
-
p. 781 - 788
(2007/10/03)
-
