cas 52287-56-6, 4-METHYL-BETA-METHYL-BETA-NITROSTYRENE

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A diversity-oriented synthesis of polyheterocycles: Via the cyclocondensation of azomethine imine
Pd-Catalyzed sequential reactions to afford skeletally diverse molecules are described. The reaction involved azomethine imine formation and a cyclocondensation reaction as individual steps. The methodology provides excellent regio- and stereocontrol. Skeletal diversity was ensured by changing the electrophilic counterpart of azomethine imine. Due to its broader diversity and complexity, the DOS methodology is likely to benefit drug discovery and development in the future.
Ansari, Arshad J.,Pathare, Ramdas S.,Kumawat, Anita,Maurya, Antim K.,Verma, Sarika,Agnihotri, Vijai K.,Joshi, Rahul,Metre, Ramesh K.,Sharon, Ashoke,Pardasani,Sawant, Devesh M.
supporting information
p. 13721 - 13724
(2019/09/16)

Substrate promiscuity of ortho-naphthoquinone catalyst: Catalytic aerobic amine oxidation protocols to deaminative cross-coupling and n-nitrosation
ortho-Naphthoquinone-based organocatalysts have been identified as versatile aerobic oxidation catalysts. Primary amines were readily cross-coupled with primary nitroalkanes via deaminative pathway to give nitroalkene derivatives in good to excellent yields. Secondary and tertiary amines were inert to ortho-naphthoquinone catalysts; however, secondary nitroalkanes were readily converted by ortho-naphthoquinone catalysts to the corresponding nitrite species that in situ oxidized the amines to the corresponding N-nitroso compounds. Without using harsh oxidants in a stoichiometric amount, the present catalytic aerobic oxidation protocol utilizes the substrate promiscuity feature to provide a facile access to amine oxidation products under mild reaction conditions.
Kim, Hun Young,Oh, Kyungsoo,Si, Tengda
p. 9216 - 9221
(2019/10/08)

Mechanistic Studies on the Michael Addition of Amines and Hydrazines to Nitrostyrenes: Nitroalkane Elimination via a Retro-aza-Henry-Type Process
In this article we report on the mechanistic studies of the Michael addition of amines and hydrazines to nitrostyrenes. Under the present conditions, the corresponding N-alkyl/aryl substituted benzyl imines and N-methyl/phenyl substituted benzyl hydrazones were observed via a retro-aza-Henry-type process. By combining organic synthesis and characterization experiments with computational chemistry calculations, we reveal that this reaction proceeds via a protic solvent-mediated mechanism. Experiments in deuterated methanol CD3OD reveal the synthesis and isolation of the corresponding deuterated intermediated Michael adduct, results that support the proposed slovent-mediated pathway. From the synthetic point of view, the reaction occurs under mild, noncatalytic conditions and can be used as a useful platform to yield the biologically important N-methyl pyrazoles in a one-pot manner, simple starting with the corresponding nitrostyrenes and the methylhydrazine.
Kallitsakis, Michael G.,Tancini, Peter D.,Dixit, Mudit,Mpourmpakis, Giannis,Lykakis, Ioannis N.
p. 1176 - 1184
(2018/02/09)

Synthesis, antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of nitrostyrenes and related compounds in Burkitt’s lymphoma
Background: Cancers of the lymphatic cells (lymphomas) account for approximately 12% of malignant diseases worldwide. The nitrostyrene scaffold is identified as a lead target structure for the development of particularly effective compounds targeting Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL). Objectives: The aims of the curent study were to synthesise a panel of nitrostyrene compounds and to evaluate their activity in Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL). Methods: A panel of structurally varied compounds were designed and synthesised using Henry Knoevenagel condensation reactions. Single crystal X-Ray analysis confirmed the E configuration for six examples of these novel structures. A number of nitrostyrene-related compounds were also investigated including 1,3-bis(aryl)-2-nitropropenes together with heterocyclic scaffolds containing the nitrovinyl pharmacophore such as 3-nitro-2-phenyl-2H-chromenes. The antiproliferative activities of the compounds were evaluated using the BL cell lines EBV- MUTU-1 and EBV+ DG-75 (chemoresistant) to establish preliminary structure-activity relationships. Results: Lead compounds with optimized nitrostyrene scaffolds and 3-nitro-2-phenyl-2Hchromene structures were successfully established with typical IC50 values of 0.45 μM and 0.47 μM in MUTU-1 cells and 1.41 μM and 1.92 μM, respectively, in DG-75 cells. The mechanism of cell death was identified as apoptotic and the lead compound was found to elicit comparable apoptotic effects to Taxol in Burkitt’s lymphoma cell lines MUTU-1 and DG-75. Conclusion: This class of pharmaceutically active compounds with potential for the treatment of Burkitt’s lymphoma suggest a potential role for nitrostyrene based agents in chemotherapy.
Byrne, Andrew J.,Bright, Sandra A.,Fayne, Darren,McKeown, James P.,McCabe, Thomas,Twamley, Brendan,Williams, Clive,Meegan, Mary J.
p. 181 - 199
(2018/03/13)

Copper-Promoted Regioselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyrroles from Aldehydes, Amines, and Nitroalkenes via 1,2-Phenyl/Alkyl Migration
The facile copper-catalyzed synthesis of polysubstituted pyrroles from aldehydes, amines, and β-nitroalkenes is reported. Remarkably, the use of α-methyl-substituted aldehydes provides efficient access to a series of tetra- and pentasubstituted pyrroles via an overwhelming 1,2-phenyl/alkyl migration. The present methodology is also accessible to non α-substituted aldehydes, yielding the corresponding trisubstituted pyrroles. On the contrary, the use of ketones, in place of aldehydes, does not promote the organic transformation, signifying the necessity of α-substituted aldehydes. The reaction proceeds under mild catalytic conditions with low catalyst loading (0.3-1 mol %), a broad scope, very good functional-group tolerance, and high yields and can be easily scaled up to more than 3 mmol of product, thus highlighting a useful synthetic application of the present catalytic protocol. Based on formal kinetic studies, a possible radical pathway is proposed that involves the formation of an allylic nitrogen radical intermediate, which in turn reacts with the nitroalkene to yield the desired pyrrole framework via a radical 1,2-phenyl or alkyl migration.
Andreou, Dimitrios,Kallitsakis, Michael G.,Loukopoulos, Edward,Gabriel, Catherine,Kostakis, George E.,Lykakis, Ioannis N.
p. 2104 - 2113
(2018/02/23)

Synthesis of Benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole by Copper(II)-Catalyzed Thioamination of Nitroalkene with 1H-Benzo[d]imidazole-2-thiol
A Copper(II)-catalyzed thioamination of β-nitroalkene with 1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-thiol has been developed for the synthesis of benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole derivatives. A variety of N-fused benzoimidazothiazole derivatives are obtained in high yields through successive C?N and C?S bond formations. This protocol is also applicable to β-substituted β-nitroalkenes to afford 2,3-disubstituted benzoimidazothiazoles. (Figure presented.).
Jana, Sourav,Chakraborty, Amrita,Shirinian, Valerii Z.,Hajra, Alakananda
supporting information
p. 2402 - 2408
(2018/05/08)

Direct aziridination of nitroalkenes affording N-alkyl-C-nitroaziridines and the subsequent Lewis acid mediated isomerization to β-nitroenamines
A mild and highly diastereoselective one-pot synthesis of trans-N-alkyl-C-nitroaziridines was achieved by treatment of nitroalkenes with aliphatic amines and N-chlorosuccinimide. Treatment of the obtained aziridines with a Lewis acid resulted in a facile ring opening reaction, accompanied by rearrangement and isomerization into functionalized (Z)-β-nitroenamines.
Hao, Feiyue,Asahara, Haruyasu,Nishiwaki, Nagatoshi
supporting information
p. 5442 - 5445
(2017/11/06)

Discovery of a PCAF Bromodomain Chemical Probe
The p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) and related GCN5 bromodomain-containing lysine acetyl transferases are members of subfamily I of the bromodomain phylogenetic tree. Iterative cycles of rational inhibitor design and biophysical characterization led to the discovery of the triazolopthalazine-based L-45 (dubbed L-Moses) as the first potent, selective, and cell-active PCAF bromodomain (Brd) inhibitor. Synthesis from readily available (1R,2S)-(?)-norephedrine furnished L-45 in enantiopure form. L-45 was shown to disrupt PCAF-Brd histone H3.3 interaction in cells using a nanoBRET assay, and a co-crystal structure of L-45 with the homologous Brd PfGCN5 from Plasmodium falciparum rationalizes the high selectivity for PCAF and GCN5 bromodomains. Compound L-45 shows no observable cytotoxicity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), good cell-permeability, and metabolic stability in human and mouse liver microsomes, supporting its potential for in vivo use.
Moustakim, Moses,Clark, Peter G. K.,Trulli, Laura,Fuentes de Arriba, Angel L.,Ehebauer, Matthias T.,Chaikuad, Apirat,Murphy, Emma J.,Mendez-Johnson, Jacqui,Daniels, Danette,Hou, Chun-Feng D.,Lin, Yu-Hui,Walker, John R.,Hui, Raymond,Yang, Hongbing,Dorrell, Lucy,Rogers, Catherine M.,Monteiro, Octovia P.,Fedorov, Oleg,Huber, Kilian V. M.,Knapp, Stefan,Heer, Jag,Dixon, Darren J.,Brennan, Paul E.
supporting information
p. 827 - 831
(2017/01/14)

Enantioselective hydrogenation of α,β-disubstituted nitroalkenes
The first highly chemo- and enantioselective hydrogenation of α,β-disubstituted nitroalkenes was accomplished with rhodium/JosiPhos-J2 as a catalyst, with the yield and enantioselectivity of up to 95% and 94%, respectively. The α-chiral nitroalkanes will provide an entry to valuable chiral amphetamines which are otherwise not so easily accessed. This journal is the Partner Organisations 2014.
Li, Shengkun,Huang, Kexuan,Zhang, Xumu
supporting information
p. 8878 - 8881
(2014/08/05)

Synthesis of nitroalkenes involving a cooperative catalytic action of iron(III) and piperidine: A one-pot synthetic strategy to 3-alkylindoles, 2H-chromenes and N-arylpyrrole
An efficient and simple strategy has been developed to synthesize various substituted nitroalkenes involving a cooperative catalytic system of FeCl 3 and piperidine. This dual catalytic protocol simultaneously activates both electrophile and nucleophile and works under mild reaction conditions so that many sensitive functional groups were tolerated. Moreover, this cooperative catalytic reaction is also suitable for various one-pot reactions involving nitroalkenes such as, 2H-chromenes, N-arylpyrrole and Michael reaction with indole. Notably, this method is low-cost, efficient and environmentally friendly. Copyright
Jalal, Swapnadeep,Sarkar, Soumen,Bera, Krishnendu,Maiti, Sukhendu,Jana, Umasish
supporting information
p. 4823 - 4828
(2013/08/23)

Iron-catalyzed tandem one-pot addition and cyclization of the blaise reaction intermediate and nitroolefins: Synthesis of substituted NH-pyrroles from nitriles
The iron-catalyzed addition and cyclization of the Blaise reaction intermediate and nitroolefins to synthesize highly functionalized NH-pyrroles in a tandem one-pot manner from nitriles has been developed. This reaction shows good functional group tolerance and affords a broad spectrum of substituted NH-pyrroles in good yields. Copyright
Zhao, Mi-Na,Liang, Hao,Ren, Zhi-Hui,Guan, Zheng-Hui
supporting information
p. 221 - 226
(2013/03/13)

Dynamic kinetic asymmetric ring-opening/reductive amination sequence of racemic nitroepoxides with chiral amines: Enantioselective synthesis of chiral vicinal diamines
We report a highly diastereoselective synthesis of vicinal diamines by the treatment of nitroepoxides with primary amines and then a reducing agent. When using a chiral primary amine, racemic nitroepoxides are transformed into chiral diamines as a single enantiomers (>95:5 er) through a dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation (DYKAT). The overall process is a one-pot procedure combining the exposure of nitroepoxides to chiral amines to afford diastereomeric mixtures of aminoimines and subsequent stereoselective imine reduction.
Agut, Juan,Vidal, Andreu,Rodríguez, Santiago,González, Florenci V.
p. 5717 - 5722
(2013/07/25)

Enzymatic enantiomeric resolution of phenylethylamines structurally related to amphetamine
Both enantiomers of several phenylethylamines, structurally related to amphetamine, have been prepared in good yields and excellent enantiomeric purity by enzymatic kinetic resolution using CAL-B and ethyl methoxyacetate as the acyl donor. In the case of the 4-hydroxyderivative of amphetamine (compound 4i), the S enantiomer racemized possibly in a dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) under the enzymatic conditions used. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2011.
Munoz, Lourdes,Rodriguez, Anna M.,Rosell, Gloria,Bosch, M. Pilar,Guerrero, Angel
experimental part
p. 8171 - 8177
(2012/01/04)

Ambiphilic dual activation role of a task-specific ionic liquid: 2-hydroxyethylammonium formate as a recyclable promoter and medium for the green synthesis of β-nitrostyrenes
A cost-effective task-specific ionic liquid, 2-hydroxyethylammonium formate, efficiently promotes the condensation of nitroalkanes with various aldehydes to produce β-nitrostyrenes in high to excellent yields at room temperature. This reaction does not involve any hazardous organic solvent and toxic catalyst. The ionic liquid is recovered and recycled for subsequent reactions. In addition, a novel mechanism has been proposed invoking ambiphilic dual activation influence of the ionic liquid.
Alizadeh, Abdolhamid,Khodaei, Mohammad M.,Eshghi, Ali
scheme or table
p. 8295 - 8298
(2011/03/17)

An efficient synthesis of (E)-nitroalkenes catalyzed by recoverable diamino-functionalized mesostructured polymers
A clean, efficient, and simple method has been developed for synthesis of (E)-nitroalkenes using FDU-ED as an efficient catalyst. The reactions proceeded with moderate to high yields (60-96%) under mild conditions. The catalyst FDU-ED is recyclable and can be reused more than seven times without significant loss of activity and selectivity.
Yan, Shaoyu,Gao, Yuan,Xing, Rong,Shen, Yali,Liu, Yueming,Wu, Peng,Wu, Haihong
p. 6294 - 6299
(2008/09/21)

Solvent-free nucleophilic addition of N-alkylhydroxylamines to substituted nitroolefins: Formation of nitrones by a tandem process
Nucleophilic addition of 1-methyl-2-arylethylhydroxylamine to substituted β-nitrostyrene under solvent-free conditions has led to unexpected nitrones via a tandem process involving 1,4-addition and elimination. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Amutha, Chinnadurai,Muthusubramanian, Shanmugam
p. 328 - 337
(2008/04/01)

Alkenes from alcohols by tandem hydrogen transfer and condensation
A ruthenium-catalysed oxidation of alcohols by hydrogen transfer has been coupled with organocatalysed condensations using pyrrolidine or piperidine, to give α,β-unsaturated esters and nitroalkenes. Reactions proceed with high (E)-selectivity and provide an efficient and straightforward route to α,β-unsaturated compounds.
Hall, Michael I.,Pridmore, Simon J.,Williams, Jonathan M. J.
supporting information; experimental part
p. 1975 - 1978
(2009/08/07)

Relationship between the serotonergic activity and reinforcing effects of a series of amphetamine analogs
It has been reported that among drugs with mixed actions on central nervous system monoamine systems, increased serotonergic activity is associated with decreased potency as a reinforcer. The present experiment was designed to examine this relationship for amphetamine analogs that varied in serotonin releasing potency and to evaluate whether serotonergic actions can affect reinforcing efficacy. Compounds PAL 313 and 314 are para- and meta-methylamphetamine, respectively. PAL 303 and 353 are para- and meta-fluoroamphetamine, respectively. All compounds had similar potencies as in vitro releasers of dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) but differed in potency for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) (5-HT) release [EC50 (nanomolar) PAL 313 = 53.4; PAL 314 = 218; PAL 303 = 939; PAL 353 = 1937]. When made available to rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) (n = 4) for self-administration under a fixed-ratio 25 schedule, all were positive reinforcers with biphasic dose-response functions (0.003-1.0 mg/kg) and were equipotent. PAL 313 was self-administered at a lower rate than the other compounds, which were indistinguishable. Under a progressive-ratio schedule (n = 5), all drugs were positive reinforcers. Dose-response functions increased to a maximum or were biphasic (0.01-1.0 mg/kg), and drugs were equipotent. At maximum, PAL 313 maintained less responding than ther PAL drugs, which maintained similar maxima. Thus, all compounds were positive reinforcers under both schedules, consistent with their potent DA actions. Responding was lower when 5-HT potency was higher and comparable with DA and NE potency. The results suggest that the mechanism for this effect involves a decrease in reinforcing potency and efficacy among monoamine releasing agents when 5-HT releasing potency is increased relative to DA.
Wee,Anderson,Baumann,Rothman,Blough,Woolverton, William L.
p. 848 - 854
(2007/10/03)

MAO inhibition by arylisopropylamines: The effect of oxygen substituents at the β-position
Twenty-nine arylisopropylamines, substituted at the β-position of their side chain by an oxo, hydroxy, or methoxy group, were evaluated in vitro as MAO-A and MAO-B inhibitors. The oxo derivatives ('cathinones') were in general less active as MAO-A inhibitors than the corresponding arylisopropylamines, but exhibited an interesting MAO-B inhibiting activity, which was absent in the hydroxy, methoxy, and β-unsubstituted analogues. These results suggest that selective affinity for the two MAO isoforms in this family of compounds is modulated not only by the aryl substitution pattern but also by the side-chain substituents on the arylalkylamine scaffold.
Osorio-Olivares, Mauricio,Rezende, Marcos Caroli,Sepulveda-Boza, Silvia,Cassels, Bruce K.,Fierro, Angelica
p. 4055 - 4066
(2007/10/03)

Asymmetric reduction of nitroalkenes with baker's yeast
Various α,β-disubstituted and trisubstituted nitroalkenes were chemoselectively reduced with baker's yeast to the corresponding nitroalkanes. Stereoselectivities of the reduction of α,β-disubstituted nitroalkenes were modest to low, and e.e.s up to 52% were obtained. Trisubstituted nitroalkenes could be reduced to the corresponding nitroalkanes with excellent enantioselectivities, moderate diastereoselectivities and in good yield.
Kawai, Yasushi,Inaba, Yoshikazu,Tokitoh, Norihiro
p. 309 - 318
(2007/10/03)

The yeast-mediated reduction of nitrostyrenes in organic solvent systems
A range of nitrostyrenes have been reduced with dried baker's yeast in an organic solvent system. It was found that the reduction proceeded smoothly to give the corresponding nitroalkanes in good yield and with higher efficiency than the corresponding aqueous reaction system. No evidence for reduction of the nitro group was observed. In the case of β-methyl nitrostyrenes, racemic mixtures were formed, and it was shown that this is not due to racemization of the product.
Bak, Radoslaw R.,McAnda, Anita F.,Smallridge, Andrew J.,Trewhella, Maurie A.
p. 1257 - 1260
(2007/10/03)

Minute synthesis of electrophilic alkenes under microwave irradiation
Condensation of carbonyl derivatives 2 with active methylene compounds 1 is efficiently achieved, within 3 to 15 minutes under microwave irradiation by a solvent free reaction in the presence of carefully adjusted amounts of piperidine leading to Knocvenagel products 3 in good to excellent yields.
Ayoubi,Texier-Boullet,Hamelin
p. 258 - 260
(2007/10/02)

Kinetics of reaction of para-substituted β-nitrostyrenes and β-methyl-β-nitrostyrenes with n-butylamine
The kinetics of addition of n-butylamine to β-nitrostyrene and β-methyl-β-nitrostyrene and their para-substituted derivatives in acetonitrile at four different temperatures have been followed spectrophotometrically.The order in is unity and in (n-butylamine) it is non-integral.On the basis of the observed kinetic data, a stepwise mechanism involving the formation of zwitterionic addition complex in an equilibrium step followed by conversion into the reaction product via proton transfer in catalytic route by the amine has been proposed.The study of effect of substituents in these reactions shows that the electron-withdrawing substituents accelerate the reaction and electronreleasing substituents retard it.Good Hammett correlations have been observed in both the reaction series.
Shunmugasundaram, A,Thanulingam, T Lekshmana,Murugesan, R
p. 609 - 613
(2007/10/02)

Porphyrin synthesis from nitrocompounds
A new porphyrin synthesis starting from nitroalkenes or their equivalents is described. For example, octaethylporphyrin, coproporphyrin, porphyrin-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 octapropionic acid, and 2,7,12,17 tetraarylporphyrin are prepared in good yield from readily available materials such as 1-nitropropane, nitroethane, nitromethane, and aldehydes.
Ono, Noboru,Kawamura, Hisayuki,Bougauchi, Masahiro,Maruyama, Kazuhiro
p. 7483 - 7496
(2007/10/02)