- Selective C-C bonds formation, N-alkylation and benzo[d]imidazoles synthesis by a recyclable zinc composite
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Earth abundant metals are much less expensive, promising, valuable metals and could be served as catalysts for the borrowing hydrogen reaction, dehydrogenation and heterocycles synthesis, instead of noble metals. The uniformly dispersed zinc composites were designed, synthesized and carefully characterized by means of XPS, EDS, TEM and XRD. The resulting zinc composite showed good catalytic activity for the N-alkylation of amines with amines, ketones with alcohols in water under base-free conditions, while unsaturated carbonyl compounds could also be synthesized by tuning the reaction conditions. Importantly, it was the first time to realize the synthesis of 2-aryl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives by using this zinc composite under green conditions. Meanwhile, this zinc catalyst could be easily recovered and reused for at least five times.
- Zhu, Guanxin,Duan, Zheng-Chao,Zhu, Haiyan,Ye, Dongdong,Wang, Dawei
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supporting information
p. 266 - 270
(2021/08/06)
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- A new method for the synthesis of chalcone derivatives promoted by PPh3/I2under non-alkaline conditions
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A straightforward and general method has been developed for the synthesis of chalcone derivatives by a Claisen-Schmidt reaction in the presence of PPh3/I2 in 1,4-dioxane under reflux temperatures. With the condensation of the aromatic ketone and aldehyde occurring at non-strongly alkaline conditions, our proposed method significantly expands the range of applicable substrates, especially for groups that are unstable under alkaline conditions.
- Xue, Kangsheng,Sun, Guoxiang,Zhang, Yanzhi,Chen, Xubing,Zhou, Yang,Hou, Jinjun,Long, Huali,Zhang, Zijia,Lei, Min,Wu, Wanying
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supporting information
p. 625 - 634
(2020/11/23)
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- Inhibition of Caco-2 and MCF-7 cancer cells using chalcones: synthesis, biological evaluation and computational study
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Cancer is the second death cause worldwide, with breast and colon cancer among the most prevalent types. Traditional treatment strategies have several side effects that inspire the development of novel anticancer agents derived from natural sources, like chalcone derivatives. For this investigation, twenty-three chalcones (4a-w) were synthesized and evaluated as antiproliferative agents against MCF-7 and Caco-2 cells, finding three and two compounds with similar or higher antiproliferative activity than daunorubicin, while only two chalcones showed better selectivity indexes than daunorubicin on MCF-7. From these results, we developed good-performance QSAR models (r > 0.850, q2>0.650), finding several structural features that could modify chalcone activity and selectivity. According to these models, chalcones 4w and 4t have high potency and selectivity against Caco-2 and MCF-7, respectively, which make them attractive candidates for hit-to-lead development of ROS-independent pro apoptotic agents.
- Aguilar, Luis F.,Coddou, Claudio,Jara-Gutierrez, Carlos,Mellado, Marco,Reyna-Jeldes, Mauricio,Villena, Joan,Weinstein-Oppenheimer, Caroline
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supporting information
(2021/10/02)
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- C3 amino-substituted chalcone derivative with selective adenosine rA1 receptor affinity in the micromolar range
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Abstract: To identify novel adenosine receptor (AR) ligands based on the chalcone scaffold, herein the synthesis, characterization and in vitro and in silico evaluation of 33 chalcones (15–36 and 37–41) and structurally related compounds (42–47) are reported. These compounds were characterized by radioligand binding and GTP shift assays to determine the degree and type of binding affinity, respectively, against rat (r) A1 and A2A ARs. The chalcone derivatives 24, 29, 37 and 38 possessed selective A1 affinity below 10?μM, and thus, are the most active compounds of the present series; compound 38 was the most potent selective A1 AR antagonist (Ki (r) = 1.6?μM). The structure–affinity relationships (SAR) revealed that the NH2-group at position C3 of ring A of the chalcone scaffold played a key role in affinity, and also, the Br-atom at position C3′ on benzylidene ring B. Upon in vitro and in silico evaluation, the novel C3 amino-substituted chalcone derivative 38—that contains an α,?-unsaturated carbonyl system and easily allows structural modification—may possibly be a synthon in future drug discovery. Graphic abstract: C3 amino-substituted chalcone derivative (38) with C3′ Br substitution on benzylidene ring B possesses selective adenosine rA1 receptor affinity in micromolar range.[Figure not available: see fulltext.]
- Janse van Rensburg, Helena D.,Legoabe, Lesetja J.,Terre’Blanche, Gisella
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p. 1581 - 1605
(2020/11/20)
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- Heteroleptic copper(I) complexes as energy transfer photocatalysts for the intermolecular [2 + 2] photodimerization of chalcones, cinnamates and cinnamamides
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The [2 + 2] photodimerization of chalcones, cinnamates and cinnamamides can be effectively catalyzed by heteroleptic copper(I) complexes. The reactions were carried out under mild reaction conditions and the products were obtained in 20–72% yield under visible light irradiation. The copper-based photocatalyst comprised of the rigid phenanthroline ligand with substituents at the 2,9-positions and the 4,7-positions showed high activity in the photodimerization via an energy transfer pathway.
- Wu, Qing-An,Ren, Chen-Chao,Chen, Feng,Wang, Tian-Qi,Zhang, Yu,Liu, Xue-Fen,Chen, Jian-Bin,Luo, Shu-Ping
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supporting information
(2021/05/10)
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- Promising Non-cytotoxic Monosubstituted Chalcones to Target Monoamine Oxidase-B
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A library of monosubstituted chalcones (1-17) bearing electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups on both aromatic rings were selected. The cell viability on human tumor cell lines was evaluated first. The compounds unable to induce detectable cytotoxicity (1, 13, and 14) were tested using the monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity assay. Interestingly, they inhibit MAO-B, acting as competitive inhibitors, with 13 and 14 showing the best profiles. In particular, 13 exhibited a potency higher than that of safinamide, taken as a reference. Docking studies and crystallographic analysis showed that in human MAO-B 13 binds with the halogen-substituted aromatic ring in the entrance cavity, similar to safinamide, whereas 14 is accommodated in the opposite way. The main conclusion of this cell biology, biochemistry, and structural study is to highlights 13 as a chalcone derivative that is worth consideration for the development of novel MAO-B-selective inhibitors for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
- Iacovino, Luca G.,Pinzi, Luca,Facchetti, Giorgio,Bortolini, Beatrice,Christodoulou, Michael S.,Binda, Claudia,Rastelli, Giulio,Rimoldi, Isabella,Passarella, Daniele,Di Paolo, Maria Luisa,Dalla Via, Lisa
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supporting information
p. 1151 - 1158
(2021/06/30)
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- Iridium and copper supported on silicon dioxide as chemoselective catalysts for dehydrogenation and borrowing hydrogen reactions
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High active ligand usually plays an important role during catalysis and synthesis chemistry. A new and efficient benzotriazole-pyridinyl-silane ligand (BPS) was designed, and the corresponding iridium and copper catalysts were synthesized and thoroughly characterized by means of EDS, TEM, and XPS. The resulting iridium composite revealed excellent catalytic activity for the reaction of tert-butanesulfinamide with benzyl alcohols, while copper catalyst could realize the synthesis of unsaturated carbonyl compounds through the reaction of benzyl alcohols with ketones. This provided an efficient method for selective synthesis of unsaturated carbonyl compounds from benzyl alcohols and ketones in high yields with good recovery performance.
- Zhu, Guanxin,Duan, Zheng-Chao,Zhu, Haiyan,Qi, Minghui,Wang, Dawei
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- New 2-Pyrazoline and Hydrazone Derivatives as Potent and Selective Monoamine Oxidase A Inhibitors
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Thirty compounds having 1-[2-(5-substituted-2-benzoxazolinone-3-yl) acetyl]-3,5-disubstitutedphenyl-2-pyrazoline structure and nine compounds having N′-(1,3-disubstitutedphenylallylidene)-2-(5-substituted-2-benzoxazolinone-3-yl)acetohydrazide skeleton wer
- Salgin-Goksen, Umut,Telli, Gokcen,Erikci, Acelya,Dedecengiz, Ezgi,Tel, Banu Cahide,Kaynak, F. Betul,Yelekci, Kemal,Ucar, Gulberk,Gokhan-Kelekci, Nesrin
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p. 1989 - 2009
(2021/02/16)
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- Rapid umpolung Michael addition of isatin N, N ′-cyclic azomethine imine 1,3-dipoles with chalcones
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The umpolung Michael addition of isatin N,N′-cyclic azomethine imine 1,3-dipoles with chalcones is reported. The reaction could be finished within a very short time (0.3-2 min), with 3,3-disubstituted oxindole derivatives obtained in moderate to excellent yields with promising dr values. Unusual Michael adducts were obtained in moderate to high yields (26-98%) with low to high diastereoselectivities (0.8: 1 to 8.5: 1 dr). All the synthesized compounds (3, 3′, 4, 5, 5′, 7, 7′, 9 and 9′) were well characterized by FTIR, NMR, and mass spectral analyses and further confirmed by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of compounds 3aa and 4n.
- Yue, Guizhou,Jiang, Dan,Dou, Zhengjie,Li, Sicheng,Feng, Juhua,Zhang, Li,Chen, Huabao,Yang, Chunping,Yin, Zhongqiong,Song, Xu,Liang, Xiaoxia,Wang, Xianxiang,Lu, Cuifen
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supporting information
p. 11712 - 11718
(2021/07/12)
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- Regioselective α-Deuteration of Michael Acceptors Mediated by Isopropylamine in D2O/AcOD
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Site-specific hydrogen/deuterium exchange is an important method to access deuterated compounds for chemical and biological studies. Herein is reported the first method for the regioselective α-deuteration of enals and enones. The transformation features D2O and AcOD as deuterium sources and amines as organocatalysts. The deuteration strategy is scalable and works on enals with a variety of substituted arene or heterocycle motifs as well as enones. The method has been applied to the synthesis of deuterated drug precursors.
- Landge, Vinod G.,Shrestha, Kendra K.,Grant, Aaron J.,Young, Michael C.
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supporting information
p. 9745 - 9750
(2020/12/21)
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- Synthesis of 3-fluoro-2,5-disubstituted furans through ring expansion ofgem-difluorocyclopropyl ketones
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The synthesis of 3-fluoro-2,5-disubstituted furans fromgem-difluorocyclopropyl ketones was accomplished using trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (CF3SO3H) through ring expansion owing to the activation of the carbonyl group in the starting material. The present synthesis of 3-fluorofurans tolerates substrates designed for products with aromatic substituents at the C-2 and C-5 positions.
- Amii, Hideki,Matsumura, Chihori,Sugiishi, Tsuyuka
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supporting information
p. 3459 - 3462
(2020/05/25)
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- Methoxychalcones: Effect of methoxyl group on the antifungal, antibac-terial and antiproliferative activities
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Background: Chalcones substituted by methoxyl groups have presented a broad spec-trum of bioactivities, including antifungal, antibacterial and antiproliferative effects. However, a clear and unambiguous investigation about the relevance of this substituent on the chalcone framework has not been described. Objective: The purpose of this work is to assess the antibacterial, antifungal and antiproliferative activities of the two series of seventeen synthesized regioisomeric methoxychalcones. Series I and II were constituted by chalcones substituted by methoxyl groups on rings A (5–12) and B (13–21), respectively. In addition, the library of methoxychalcones was submitted to in silico drug-likeness and pharmacokinetics properties predictions. Methods: Methoxychalcones were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by NMR spectral data analyses. Evaluations of antimicrobial activity were performed against five species of Candida, two Gram-negative and five Gram-positive species. For antiproliferative activity, methoxychalcones were evaluated against four human tumorigenic cell lines, as well as human non-tumorigenic keratinocytes. Drug-likeness and pharmacokinetics properties were predicted using Molinspiration and PreADMET toolkits. Results: In general, chalcones of series I are the most potent antifungal, antibacterial and antipro-liferative agents. 3’, 4’, 5’-Trimethoxychalcone (12) demonstrated potent antifungal activity against Candida krusei (MIC = 3.9 μg/mL), eight times more potent than fluconazole (reference antifungal drug). 3’-Methoxychalcone (6) displayed anti-Pseudomonas activity (MIC = 7.8 μg/mL). 2’,5’-Dimethoxychalcone (9) displayed potent antiproliferative effect against C-33A (cervix), A-431 (skin) and MCF-7 (breast), with IC50 values ranging from 7.7 to 9.2 μM. Its potency was superior to curcumin (reference antiproliferative compound), which exhibited IC50 values ranging from 10.4 to 19.0 μM. Conclusion: Our studies corroborated the relevance of methoxychalcones as antifungal, antibacte-rial and antiproliferative agents. In addition, we elucidated influence of the position and number of methoxyl groups toward bioactivity. In silico predictions indicated good drug-likeness and phar-macokinetics properties to the library of methoxychalcones.
- Marques, Beatriz C.,Santos, Mariana B.,Anselmo, Daiane B.,Monteiro, Diego A.,Gomes, Eleni,Saiki, Marilia F. C.,Rahal, Paula,Rosalen, Pedro L.,Sardi, Janaina C. O.,Regasini, Luis O.
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p. 881 - 891
(2020/08/19)
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- Antiproliferative effects of chalcones on T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia-derived cells: Role of PKCβ
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In this study, a series of 20 chalcone derivatives was synthesized, and their antiproliferative activity was tested against the human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia-derived cell line, CCRF-CEM. On the basis of the structural features of the most active compounds, a new library of chalcone derivatives, according to the structure–activity relationship design, was synthesized, and their antiproliferative activity was tested against the same cancer cell line. Furthermore, four of these derivatives (compounds 3, 4, 8, 28), based on lower IC50 values (between 6.1 and 8.9 μM), were selected for further investigation regarding the modulation of the protein expression of RACK1 (receptor for activated C kinase), protein kinase C (PKC)α and PKCβ, and their action on the cell cycle level. The cell cycle analysis indicated a block in the G0/G1 phase for all four compounds, with a statistically significant decrease in the percentage of cells in the S phase, with no indication of apoptosis (sub-G0/G1 phase). Compounds 4 and 8 showed a statistically significant reduction in the expression of PKCα and an increase in PKCβ, which together with the demonstration of an antiproliferative role of PKCβ, as assessed by treating cells with a selective PKCβ activator, indicated that the observed antiproliferative effect is likely to be mediated through PKCβ induction.
- Corsini, Emanuela,Facchetti, Giorgio,Esposito, Sara,Maddalon, Ambra,Rimoldi, Isabella,Christodoulou, Michael S.
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- Donor-acceptor fluorophores as efficient energy transfer photocatalysts for [2 + 2] photodimerization
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Mild [2 + 2] photodimerization of enone substrates was induced by donor-acceptor fluorophores. Enone substrates were activated efficiently for anti-head to head dimerizations with a high yield (up to 83%) and high selectivity. The adjustable excited state potential also allows donor-acceptor fluorophores to be used for isomerization of the above substrates, confirming the potential of donor-acceptor fluorophores as energy transfer photocatalysts.
- Chen, Feng,Chen, Hao,Liu, Xue-Fen,Luo, Shu-Ping,Ren, Chen-Chao,Wu, Qing-An,Xu, Liang-Xuan,Yu, Xiao-Cong
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p. 3707 - 3716
(2020/06/03)
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- On the development of a nucleophilic methylthiolation methodology
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Methylthiolation reactions are usually explored to access organosulfur compounds using methanethiol, an extremely flammable and toxic compound. Herein, methylthiomethyl esters were successfully applied as novel methylthiolation reagents in a low cost, transition-metal-free methodology. These reagents allowed the methylthiolation of a wide scope of chalcones, acyl ester derivatives and Morita-Baylis-Hillman acetates with good group tolerance, affording the methylthiolated products in moderate to excellent yields. The reaction mechanism was investigated through several control experiments, as well as by theoretical calculations employing Density Functional Theory. The results strongly support that a sulfurane and a sulfonium ylide appear as key intermediates and that a Pummerer type rearrangement is also crucial for the formation of this novel reagent. Furthermore, the methylthiolation mechanism is likely to proceed through the nucleophilic attack of the reagent, followed by an entropically favoured step involving the acetate attack to the positively charged species, then releasing the product. This journal is
- Carvalho, Bernardo Basbaum Portinho De Puga,Amaral, Adriane Antonia Pereira,De Castro, Pedro P?ssa,Ferreira, Fernanda Cerqueira Moreira,Horta, Bruno Araújo Cautiero,Amarante, Giovanni Wilson
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p. 5420 - 5426
(2020/08/03)
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- Unsaturated ketone compound as well as preparation method and application thereof
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The present invention relates to a novel GPR52 antagonist. Specifically, the invention relates to an unsaturated ketone compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a stereoisomer or a prodrug molecule thereof, and a method for preparing a pharmaceutical composition thereof. The invention further relates to the use of the GPR52 antagonist as an orphan G protein coupled receptor GPR52 antagonist,and further relates to the use of the GPR52 antagonist in the preparation of drugs for preventing and treating Huntington's disease.
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-
Paragraph 0219-0222; 0235-0237
(2020/10/30)
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- Some thiocarbamoyl based novel anticathepsin agents
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Cathepsins have emerged as important targets in various tissues degenerative disorders due to their involvement in degradation of extracellular matrices and endogenous protein turnover. Elevated cathepsins levels vis-à-vis decreased concentration of endogenous inhibitors has been reported at different diseased sites. The design and synthesis of specific potential anti-cathepsin agents is therefore of great significance. Most of potential anti-cathepsin agents developed have peptide based structures with an active warhead. Due to oral instability and immunogenic problems related to peptidyl inhibitors drift the synthesis and evaluation of non-peptide cathepsin inhibitors in last two decades. The present work provides a detailed structure activity relationship for developing potential non-peptide anticathepsin agents based on in-vitro inhibition studies of a library of synthesized thiocarbamoyl- non-peptide inhibitors.
- Kaur, Ravinder,Raghav, Neera
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- Studies of NMR Chemical Shifts of Chalcone Derivatives of Five-membered Monoheterocycles and Determination of Aromaticity Indices
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A series of the chalcone derivatives of the five-membered monoheterocyclic compounds, (E)-1-aryl-3-heteroarylpropen-1-ones, were prepared by aldol condensation of the corresponding aldehydes of thiophene, pyrrole, and furan with m- and p-substituted acetophenones. Similar condensation of the acetyl compounds of the heterocycles with m- and p-substituted benzaldehydes gave another series of the chalcone derivatives, (E)-1-heteroaryl-3-arylpropen-1-ones. The 13C chemical shift values (δC) of the chalcone derivatives were determined in order to find if they correlated with the Hammett σ values. A good correlation, especially for the β-C for both series, was found for the 13C chemical shift values (δC) of the chalcone derivatives with the Hammett σ values. The chemical shift values of the β-C of the heterocyclic compounds were plotted against those of the benzene derivatives. The resulting slopes were found to be close to the values of the aromaticity indices.
- Jeong, Eun Jeong,Lee, In-Sook Han
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p. 668 - 673
(2019/07/12)
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- 1-Arylvinyl formats: A New CO Source and Ketone Source in Carbonylative Synthesis of Chalcone Derivatives
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1-Arylvinyl formates as a kind of new CO surrogate have been explored for the first time. Most of the known CO precursors usually produce undesired residuals, which have to be removed. In this strategy, after CO release, the in situ generated acetophenones from 1-arylvinyl formates can be successfully applied as a good ketone source in the synthesis of chalcones with benzaldehydes via a palladium-catalyzed reductive carbonylation reaction. A variety of chalcones were isolated in satisfactory to good yields with good substrates compatibilities under mild conditions.
- Qi, Xinxin,Lai, Ming,Zhu, Min-Jie,Peng, Jin-Bao,Ying, Jun,Wu, Xiao-Feng
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p. 5252 - 5255
(2019/02/25)
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- Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer: Transition-Metal-Free Selective Reduction of Chalcones and Alkynes Using Xanthate/Formic Acid
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Highly chemoselective reduction of α,β-unsaturated ketones to saturated ketones and stereoselective reduction of alkynes to (E)-alkenes has been developed under a transition-metal-free condition using a xanthate/formic acid mixture through proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET). Mechanistic experiments and DFT calculations support the possibility of a concerted proton electron-transfer (CPET) pathway. This Birch-type reduction demonstrates that a small nucleophilic organic molecule can be used as a single electron-transfer (SET) reducing agent with a proper proton source.
- Prasanna, Ramanathan,Guha, Somraj,Sekar, Govindasamy
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supporting information
p. 2650 - 2653
(2019/04/17)
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- Rh(II)-Catalyzed Nitrene-Transfer [5 + 1] Cycloadditions of Aryl-Substituted Vinylcyclopropanes
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Formal [5 + 1] cycloadditions between aryl-substituted vinylcyclopropanes and nitrenoid precursors are reported. The method, which employs Rh2(esp)2 as a catalyst, leads to the highly regioselective formation of substituted tetrahydropyridines. Preliminary mechanistic studies support a stepwise, polar mechanism enabled by the previously observed Lewis acidity of Rh-nitrenoids. Overall, this work expands the application of nitrene-transfer cycloaddition, a relatively underexplored approach to heterocycle synthesis, to the formation of six-membered rings.
- Combee, Logan A.,Johnson, Shea L.,Laudenschlager, Julie E.,Hilinski, Michael K.
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supporting information
p. 2307 - 2311
(2019/04/10)
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- Visible Light-Induced Aerobic Epoxidation of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones Mediated by Amidines
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An aerobic photoepoxidation of α,β-unsaturated ketones driven by visible light in the presence of tetramethylguanidine (3b), tetraphenylporphine (H2TPP), and molecular oxygen under mild conditions was revealed. The corresponding α,β-epoxy ketones were obtained in yields of up to 94% in 96 h. The reaction time was shortened to 4.6 h by flow synthesis. The mechanism related to singlet oxygen was supported by experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
- Wu, Yufeng,Zhou, Guangli,Meng, Qingwei,Tang, Xiaofei,Liu, Guangzhi,Yin, Hang,Zhao, Jingnan,Yang, Fan,Yu, Zongyi,Luo, Yi
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p. 13051 - 13062
(2018/10/25)
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- Synthesis of chalcones with antiproliferative activity on the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line: Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship Models
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Chalcones are a group of molecules with a broad spectrum of biological activities, being especially appealing for their antiproliferative effects on several cancer cell lines. For this reason, we synthesized 23 chalcones with good to excellent yields and assessed their effect on the viability of the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line and on primary human fibroblasts. The results indicated that 18 of these compounds were more active than 5-fluorouracil in the cancer cell line and one of them was more selective than this reference drug. To identify structural features related to the antiproliferative activity of these compounds, as well as, the selectivity on the cancer cell line, a 2D-QSAR analysis was performed. The QSAR model (q2 = 0.803; r2 = 0.836) showed that lipophilicity (CLogP) is the most important factor to increase their cytotoxicity on the cancer cell line. On the other hand, the selectivity QSAR model (q2 = 0.917; r2 = 0.916) showed that changes in the Mulliken’s charge of the carbonyl group and at the C4’ position in the chalcone core can increase the selectivity for SH-SY5Y cell line compared to normal fibroblasts.
- Mellado, Marco,Madrid, Alejandro,Reyna, Mauricio,Weinstein-Oppenheimer, Caroline,Mella, Jaime,Salas, Cristian O.,Sánchez, Elizabeth,Cuellar, Mauricio
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p. 2414 - 2425
(2018/09/25)
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- One-Pot Synthesis of α,β-Unsaturated Esters, Ketones, and Nitriles from Alcohols and Phosphonium Salts
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A general method for the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated esters, ketones, and nitriles is successfully achieved by a one-pot copper-catalyzed oxidation with O 2 in air as oxidant. The solvent mixture of acetonitrile and formamide (1:1) is optimized to ensure the oxidation of alcohols, deprotonation of phosphonium salt, and Wittig reaction occur efficiently in one pot. A broad range of substrates has been explored for this process, including three electron-withdrawing group (CO 2 Et, COPh, CN) functionalized phosphonium salts. They reacted not only with benzylic and heteroaromatic alcohols, but also with aliphatic alcohols, forming the corresponding α,β-unsaturated esters, ketones, and nitriles in moderate to excellent yields.
- Ding, Weijie,Hu, Juan,Jin, Huile,Yu, Xiaochun,Wang, Shun
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p. 107 - 118
(2017/09/28)
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- Straightforward synthesis of quinolines from enones and 2-aminobenzyl alcohols using an iridium-catalyzed transfer hydrogenative strategy
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A new protocol for the direct synthesis of quinolines from enones and 2-aminobenzyl alcohols via iridium-catalyzed transfer hydrogenative reactions has been demonstrated. This method employs easily available [IrCp?Cl2]2/t-BuOK as the efficient catalyst system, proceeding with the merits of high step- and atom efficiency, mild reaction conditions and operational simplicity. The experimental studies suggest that the reactions start with transfer hydrogenation, followed by the Friedl?nder reaction to give the final products.
- Xiong, Biao,Wang, Yingying,Liu, Yuan,Bao, Yandan,Liu, Zhaoguo,Zhang, Yanan,Ling, Yong
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supporting information
p. 5707 - 5711
(2018/08/17)
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- Synthesis, quantum chemical, in vitro acetyl cholinesterase inhibition and molecular docking studies of four new coumarin based pyrazolylthiazole nuclei
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Four new 3-(2-(3-Phenyl-5-substituted phenyl-4,5-dihydropyrazol-1-yl)thiazol-4-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one derivatives (1–4) were synthesized and fully characterized by spectroscopic techniques. The final structures of all chromenone analogues (1–4) were confirm
- Madni, Murtaza,Ahmed, Muhammad Naeem,Hameed, Shahid,Ali Shah, Syed Wadood,Rashid, Umer,Ayub, Khurshid,Tahir, M.Nawaz,Mahmood, Tariq
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p. 175 - 186
(2018/06/08)
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- Chloramphenicol base chemistry. Part 11: chloramphenicol base-derived thiourea-catalyzed enantioselective Michael addition of malononitrile to α,β-unsaturated ketones
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The first chloramphenicol base-derived thiourea-catalyzed enantioselective Michael addition of malononitrile to α,β-unsaturated ketones is reported. The Michael adducts were obtained in good to excellent yields (up to 98% yield) and enantioselectivities (up to 94% ee). This reaction has a broad substrate scope to various α,β-unsaturated ketones. With this in mind, this methodology was successfully applied to the synthesis of a chiral piperidone, an advanced building block for dihydropyridinone P2X7 receptor antagonists.
- Yan, Linjie,Wang, Haifeng,Xiong, Fangjun,Tao, Yuan,Wu, Yan,Chen, Fener
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p. 921 - 929
(2017/07/11)
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- 2,4,5-Trisubstituted thiazole derivatives as HIV-1 NNRTIs effective on both wild-type and mutant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase: Optimization of the substitution of positions 4 and 5
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In our previous work, novel 2,4,5-trisubstituted thiazole derivatives (TSTs) were synthesized, and their activities were evaluated against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Some interesting results were obtained, which led us to a new discovery regarding these TSTs. In the present study, 21 new 2,4,5-trisubstituted thiazole derivatives were rationally designed and synthesized as HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) in accordance with our previous study. Among the synthesized target compounds, compounds 14, 16, 17, and 19 showed more potent inhibitory activities against HIV-1 with an IC50value of 0.010?μM. Compounds 4, 9, 10, 11, 13 and 16 were further tested on nine NNRTI-resistant HIV-1 strains, and all of these compounds exhibited inhibitory effects. A molecular docking study was conducted, and the results showed a consistent and stable binding mode for the typical compounds. These results have provided deeper insights and SAR of these types of NNRTIs.
- Xu, Zhongliang,Guo, Jiamei,Yang, Ying,Zhang, Mengdi,Ba, Mingyu,Li, Zhenzhong,Cao, Yingli,He, Ricai,Yu, Miao,Zhou, Hua,Li, Xiaoxi,Huang, Xiaoshan,Guo, Ying,Guo, Changbin
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supporting information
p. 309 - 316
(2016/08/04)
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- Experimental and quantum chemical studies on the corrosion inhibition effect of synthesized pyrazole derivatives on mild steel in hydrochloric acid
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Two heterocyclic compounds of the pyrazole family were synthesized by cyclocondensation reaction of chalcone derivatives with thiosemicarbazide. The structures of the synthesized pyrazoles, namely, 3,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide (DP
- Ouici,Benali,Guendouzi
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p. 7085 - 7109
(2016/08/25)
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- Synergistic catalysis within TEMPO-functionalized periodic mesoporous organosilica with bridge imidazolium groups in the aerobic oxidation of alcohols
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Anchoring 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) within the nanospaces of a periodic mesoporous organosilica with bridged imidazolium groups led to an unprecedented powerful bifunctional catalyst (TEMPO@PMO-IL-Br), which showed enhanced activity in the metal-free aerobic oxidation of alcohols. The catalyst and its precursors were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT), solid state electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution TEM. It was clearly found that the catalytic activity of SBA-15-functionalized TEMPO (TEMPO@SBA-15) not bearing IL, TEMPO@PMO-IL-Cl, PMO-IL-AMP, or individual catalytic functionalities (PMO-IL/TEMPO@SBA-15) was inferior as compared with those obtained from TEMPO@PMO-IL-Br in the metal-free aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol, suggesting the critical role of co-supported TEMPO and imidazolium bromide in obtaining high catalytic activity in the described catalyst system. Our observation clearly points to the fact that the combination of imidazolium bromide units in close proximity to TEMPO moieties in the nanospaces of TEMPO@PMO-IL-Br might be indeed one of the key factors explaining the enhanced catalytic activity observed for this catalyst in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol, possibly through a synergistic catalysis relay pathway. A proposed model was suggested for the observed synergistic effect.
- Karimi, Babak,Vahdati, Saleh,Vali, Hojatollah
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p. 63717 - 63723
(2016/07/19)
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- Synthesis of α,β-unsaturated ketones from alkynes and aldehydes over Hβ zeolite under solvent-free conditions
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A facile Hβ zeolite-catalyzed strategy has been successfully developed for the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated ketones from alkynes and aldehydes under solvent-free conditions. The reaction proceeds via tandem hydration/condensation of alkynes with aldehydes to afford a range of α,β-unsaturated carbonyls in good to excellent yields. This journal is.
- Mameda, Naresh,Peraka, Swamy,Kodumuri, Srujana,Chevella, Durgaiah,Banothu, Rammurthy,Amrutham, Vasu,Nama, Narender
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p. 58137 - 58141
(2016/07/07)
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- A route to benzylic arylsulfoxides from β-ketosulfoxides
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The K2CO3-mediated benzylation of β-ketosulfoxides 4 with 2.0?equiv of benzylic halides 5 affords benzylic arylsulfoxides 6 in moderate yields along with trace amounts of chalcones 7. The products 6 are assumed to form in situ intermediates of sulfenate anions from β-ketosulfoxides which are commonly involved in carbon–sulfur bond formation. A plausible mechanism has been proposed.
- Chang, Meng-Yang,Cheng, Yu-Chieh,Chan, Chieh-Kai
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p. 4068 - 4075
(2016/07/06)
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- Total synthesis of lasofoxifene and nafoxidine
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An intramolecular reductive coupling process of diketone with low-valent titanium species to form a dihydronapthalene skeleton was an important step in the synthesis of nafoxidine (1) and lasofoxifene (2). Diketone 6 was prepared in a convenient, three-st
- Umareddy, Pailla,Arava, Veera Reddy
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supporting information
p. 309 - 313
(2016/04/05)
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- Green synthesis of chalcones and microbiological evaluation
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A green method was developed for the synthesis of chalcones using glycerin as solvent. Subsequently, the potential microbiology activity of these molecules was evaluated by testing them against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) ATCC 19095 and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) ATCC 4083, the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) ATCC 29214 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) ATCC 9027, and the fungus Candida albicans (C. albicans), which includes ATCC 62342 and three clinical strains of C. albicans from human oral cavities. The results showed that some chalcones exhibited moderate inhibitory activity, the most prominent being those acting against the fluconazole-resistant strains of C. albicans.
- Ritter, Marina,Martins, Rosiane M.,Rosa, Silvana A.,Malavolta, Juliana L.,Lund, Rafael G.,Flores, Alex F. C.,Pereira, Claudio M.P.
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p. 1201 - 1210
(2015/06/16)
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- Iron-facilitated oxidative radical decarboxylative cross-coupling between α-oxocarboxylic acids and acrylic acids: An approach to α,β-unsaturated carbonyls
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The first Fe-facilitated decarboxylative cross-coupling reaction between α-oxocarboxylic acids and acrylic acids in aqueous solution has been developed. This transformation is characterized by its wide substrate scope and good functional group compatibility utilizing inexpensive and easily accessible reagents, thus providing an efficient and expeditious approach to an important class of α,β-unsaturated carbonyls frequently found in bioactive compounds. The synthetic potential of the coupled products is also demonstrated in subsequent functionalization reactions. Preliminary mechanism studies suggest that a free radical pathway is involved in this process: the generation of an acyl radical from α-oxocarboxylic acid via the excision of carbon dioxide followed by the addition of an acyl radical to the α-position of the double bond in acrylic acid then delivers the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl adduct through the extrusion of another carbon dioxide.
- Jiang, Qing,Jia, Jing,Xu, Bin,Zhao, An,Guo, Can-Cheng
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p. 3586 - 3596
(2015/04/22)
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- Co-N-C Catalyst for C-C Coupling Reactions: On the Catalytic Performance and Active Sites
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C-C bond-forming reactions are important in chemistry for construction of complex large molecules from readily available simple substrates. However, they usually involve the employment of organic halides and suffer from toxic or environmental issues. We report an efficient and environmentally benign methodology-aerobic oxidative cross-coupling of primary and secondary alcohols-to directly produce α,β-unsaturated ketones that are key intermediates for synthesis of agrochemical, pharmaceutical, and other fine chemicals. A noble-metal-free Co-N-C catalyst, derived from pyrolysis of cobalt-phenanthroline complexes on a mesoporous carbon support, is developed toward the target reactions and shows high catalytic activity (turnover frequency of 3.8 s-1 based on Co single atoms, surpassing the state of art in the literature), good recyclability, and wide applicability to diverse substrates (28 examples). The active sites in the Co-N-C catalyst are proposed to be Co single atoms bonded with N within graphitic sheets.
- Zhang, Leilei,Wang, Aiqin,Wang, Wentao,Huang, Yanqiang,Liu, Xiaoyan,Miao, Shu,Liu, Jingyue,Zhang, Tao
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p. 6563 - 6572
(2015/11/18)
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- Design and synthesis of chalcone derivatives as inhibitors of the ferredoxin - Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase interaction of Plasmodium falciparum: Pursuing new antimalarial agents
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Some chalcones have been designed and synthesized using Claisen-Schmidt reactions as inhibitors of the ferredoxin and ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase interaction to pursue a new selective antimalaria agent. The synthesized compounds exhibited inhibition interactions between PfFd-PfFNR in the range of 10.94%-50%. The three strongest inhibition activities were shown by (E)-1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (50%), (E)-1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (38.16%), and (E)-1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (31.58%). From the docking experiments we established that the amino group of the methoxyamino chlacone derivatives plays an important role in the inhibition activity by electrostatic interaction through salt bridges and that it forms more stable and better affinity complexes with FNR than with Fd.
- Suwito, Hery,Jumina,Pudjiastuti, Pratiwi,Puspaningsih, Ni Nyoman Tri,Mustofa,Fanani, Much Zaenal,Kimata-Ariga, Yoko,Katahira, Ritsuko,Fujiwara, Toshimichi,Hase, Toshiharu,Kawakami, Toru,Sirat, Hasnah Mohd
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p. 21473 - 21488
(2015/02/19)
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- An efficient simple one-pot synthesis, characterization and structural studies of some 1,2,3,5-tetraarylpentane-1,5-diones
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A series of 1,2,3,5-tetraarylpentane-1,5-diones (9-23) were synthesised by simple one-pot method and characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral techniques. The structure of 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,2,5-triphenylpentane-1,5-dione (10) was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The compound 10 crystallize in monoclinic crystal system, in C2/c space group. The torsional angle between the two keto groups was found to be -29.50. The C(23)C(22)C(15)C(8)C(7) chain is almost planar with "W" conformation and observed maximum deviation is 0.122 ? for C(15) from the C(23)/C(22)/C(15)/C(8)/C(7) plane.
- Senthilkumar,Neelakandan,Manikandan
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- Dual inhibition of the α-glucosidase and butyrylcholinesterase studied by Molecular Field Topology Analysis
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A striking dual inhibition of enzymes α-glucosidase and butyrylcholinesterase by small drug-like molecules, including 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles, chalcones, and benzothiazepines, was rationalized with the help of Molecular Field Topology Analysis, a 3D QSAR technique similar to CoMFA. A common pharmacophore supported the concept of a link existing between type-2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. These findings will be instrumental for rational design of drug candidates for both of these conditions.
- Jabeen, Farukh,Oliferenko, Polina V.,Oliferenko, Alexander A.,Pillai, Girinath G.,Ansari, Farzana Latif,Hall, C. Dennis,Katritzky, Alan R.
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p. 228 - 242
(2014/05/20)
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- Palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative arylation of benzoylacrylic acids toward the synthesis of chalcones
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It has been found that readily available 3-benzoylacrylic acids undergo palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative arylation with arylboronic acids in the presence of a copper salt oxidant to produce chalcone derivatives. The decarboxylative arylation could also be achieved using aryl halides as the alternative aryl source to expand the applicable scope.
- Unoh, Yuto,Hirano, Koji,Satoh, Tetsuya,Miura, Masahiro
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p. 5096 - 5102
(2013/07/05)
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- COMPOSITION FOR TREATING DIABETES AND METABOLIC DISEASES AND A PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF
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Disclosed is a chalcone composition for treating diabetes and metabolic syndromes. In particular, the chalcone compound bound with 2-halogen in ring A significantly decreases the blood glucose level in the in vitro anti-diabetic effect experiment. In the in vivo animal model, the leading chalcone compound can prevent the progression of diabetes and control the blood glucose level, and there is no significant difference in the gains in body weight. Throughout the seven-week administration, there are no hepatic or renal toxicity observed.
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Paragraph 0029
(2013/03/26)
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- An efficient direct-aldol addition of methyl ketones with aldehydes promoted by MgI2 etherate
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Direct aldol addition of ketones with aromatic aldehydes and vinyl aldehyde was carried out efficiently in the presence of MgI2 etherate and Et3N using untreated reagent grade CH2Cl2 under atmospheric conditions in a mild, efficient and highly chemoselective manner. Iodide counterion and non-coordinating reaction media (i.e., CH 2Cl2) are among the critical factors for the unique reactivity of this reaction system.
- Liu, Yingshuai,Shen, Hangzhou,Zhang, Xingxian
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p. 111 - 115
(2013/03/13)
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- Deamination of cis and trans-aziridines using diethyl thiourea and iodine
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Various non-activated aziridines reacted with diethyl thiourea in the presence of iodine in DCM to give the corresponding trans-alkenes as a sole product in good to excellent yields. Iranian Chemical Society 2012.
- Samimi, Heshmat A.,Shams, Zahra,Momeni, Ahmad R.
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p. 705 - 708
(2013/02/23)
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- Regioselective synthesis of 3-carbo-5-phosphonylpyrazoles through a one-pot Claisen-Schmidt/1,3-dipolar cycloaddition/oxidation sequence
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A one-pot reaction involving an aldehyde, a methyl ketone, and the Bestmann-Ohira reagent has been developed for the synthesis of variously substituted 3-carbo-5-phosphonylpyrazoles. Our synthetic methodology features a domino Claisen-Schmidt/1,3-dipolar cycloaddition/oxidation sequence, which leads to the target compounds in excellent yields. We further demonstrated that this unprecedented sequence could also be combined with a copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition in a one-pot, four-step cascade process generating five new bonds and two heterocyclic rings. Copyright
- Martin, Anthony R.,Mohanan, Kishor,Toupet, Loic,Vasseur, Jean-Jacques,Smietana, Michael
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experimental part
p. 3184 - 3190
(2011/06/28)
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- One-pot production of chiral α,β-epoxy ketones from benzaldehydes and acetophenones by recyclable poly(amino acid) catalysis
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An efficient one-pot, two-step process was disclosed for production of chiral α,β-epoxy ketones from benzaldehydes and acetophenones catalyzed by imidazolium-modified poly(l-leucine). Two effective reaction systems with complementary high enantioselectivities (up to 98% ee) or satisfactory yields (up to 89%) have been developed. Importantly, the poly(amino acid) catalyst can be easily recovered and recycled for ten times without losing its catalytic efficiency in terms of both enantioselectivity and yield.
- Luo, Wanrong,Yu, Zhichao,Qiu, Wenwei,Yang, Fan,Liu, Xiaofeng,Tang, Jie
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 5289 - 5292
(2011/08/04)
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- Synthesis, molecular modeling and biological evaluation of chalcone thiosemicarbazide derivatives as novel anticancer agents
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A series of novel chalcone thiosemicarbazide derivatives (4a-4x) have been designed, synthesized, structurally determined, and their biological activities were also evaluated as potential EGFR kinase inhibitors. All the synthesized compounds are first reported. Among the compounds, compound 4r showed the most potent biological activity (IC50 = 0.78 ± 0.05 μM for HepG2 and IC50 = 0.35 μM for EGFR), which is comparable to the positive controls. Docking simulation was also performed to position compound 4r into the EGFR active site to determine the probable binding model. Antiproliferative assay results demonstrated that some of these compounds possessed good antiproliferative activity against HepG2. Compound 4r with potent inhibitory activity in tumor growth inhibition may be a potential anticancer agent.
- Zhang, Hong-Jia,Qian, Yong,Zhu, Di-Di,Yang, Xu-Guang,Zhu, Hai-Liang
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experimental part
p. 4702 - 4708
(2011/10/31)
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- Synthesis, molecular modeling and biological evaluation of guanidine derivatives as novel antitubulin agents
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A series of novel chalcone guanidine derivatives (4a-4q) have been designed and synthesized, and their biological activity were also evaluated as potential antiproliferative and antitubulin polymerization inhibitors. Compound 4q showed the most potent biological activity (IC50 = 0.09 ± 0.01 μM for MCF-7 and IC50 = 8.4 ± 0.6 μM for tubulin), which is comparable to the positive controls. Docking simulation was performed to position compound 4q into the colchicine binding site to determine the probable binding model, which suggested probable inhibition mechanism.
- Qian, Yong,Zhang, Hong-Jia,Lv, Peng-Cheng,Zhu, Hai-Liang
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experimental part
p. 8218 - 8225
(2011/02/22)
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- Examination of growth inhibitory properties of synthetic chalcones for which antibacterial activity was predicted
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A large series of chalcones were synthesized and studied against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Chalcones were either unsubstituted in ring A or possessed 4′-chloro or 3′,4′,5′-trimethoxy groups. Their other ring B was variously substituted. It was found that the anti-staphylococcal activity of chalcones was related to the energy difference between the two highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO and HOMO-1). Presence of hydroxyl group in ring B was not a determinant factor for the anti-staphylococcal activity, but the lipophilicity of ring A of the hydroxyl chalcones was of importance.
- Batovska, Daniela,Parushev, Stoyan,Stamboliyska, Bistra,Tsvetkova, Iva,Ninova, Mariana,Najdenski, Hristo
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experimental part
p. 2211 - 2218
(2009/09/30)
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- Enantioselective Michael addition of malononitrile to chalcones catalyzed by a simple quinine-Al(OiPr)3 complex: A simple method for the synthesis of a chiral 4H-pyran derivative
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Enantioselective Michael addition of malononitrile to chalcones was catalyzed by a simple quinine and Al(OiPr)3 complex and products were obtained in good ee as well as high yields, which facilitated the asymmetric synthesis of a biologically active 4H-pyran compound. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2009.
- Shi, Jian,Wang, Min,He, Ling,Zheng, Ke,Liu, Xiaohua,Lin, Lili,Feng, Xiaoming
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 4711 - 4713
(2010/01/16)
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- Synthesis and spectral analysis of novel 3-(4,6-diarylpyrimidin-2-yl)-2- phenylthiazolidin-4-ones
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Novel 3-(4,6-diarylpyrimidin-2-yl)-2-phenylthiazolidin-4-ones are synthesized by the multicomponent cyclocondensation reaction of the appropriate 2-amino-4,6-diarylpyrimidines, benzaldehyde, and thioglycolic acid catalyzed by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The
- Gopalakrishnan,Thanusu,Kanagarajan
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body text
p. 1539 - 1544
(2010/07/09)
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