- Diethylstilbestrol-scaffold-based pregnane X receptor modulators
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Due to its function as a regulator of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters, pregnane X receptor (PXR) represents an important factor involved in drug metabolism. In this work, we describe the discovery of diethylstilbestrol-based PXR modulators, which were designed from marine sulfated steroids with PXR agonistic activity, solomonsterols A and B, and our recently reported bazedoxifene scaffold-derived PXR antagonists. The methylated diethylstilbestrol derivative 1 displayed potent PXR agonistic activity with an EC50 value of 10.5 μM, whereas compounds 3, 4 and 6 (IC50 for 6 = 27.4 μM) and diethylstilbestrol (2) itself (IC50 = 14.6 μM) exhibited PXR antagonistic effects in HepG2 cells. The PXR modulatory effects of the synthesized diethylstilbestrol derivatives were further confirmed by the induction of PXR-regulated CYP3A4 expression with compound 1, as well as by the inhibition of the rifaximin-promoted up-regulation of CYP3A4 expression with 2 and its derivative 6.
- Hodnik, ?iga,Toma?i?, Tihomir,Smodi?, Domen,D'Amore, Claudio,Ma?i?, Lucija Peterlin,Fiorucci, Stefano,Kikelj, Danijel
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p. 551 - 562
(2015/10/12)
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- Anti-proliferative activities of flavone-estradiol Stille-coupling adducts and of indanone-based compounds obtained by SnCl4/Zn-catalysed McMurry cross-coupling reactions
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We described the synthesis of flavone-estradiol adducts and indanophen based tamoxifen analogs using a novel SnCl4-Zn reagent via a McMurry cross-coupling reaction and their anti-proliferative evaluation against human cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa) and human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). A library of 32 tamoxifen analogs was synthesized using indanone and propiophenone derivatives and evaluated for anti-proliferative activities. Among them, compounds 3ac, 3ad, 3ae and 3ao exhibited better anti-proliferative potencies (IC50 2.13-3.81 μM) than the drug doxorubicin (IC50 50 2.85 ± 0.17 μM and 2.42 ± 0.23 μM; 3.64 ± 0.28 μM and 2.93 ± 0.14 μM) against breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) respectively and IC50 2.17 ± 0.18 μM and 2.56 ± 0.32 μM against cervical cancer cells (HeLa) respectively than the standard drug. However, compounds 6ac, 6ae, 6af and 6ag showed moderate activity (IC50 10 μM). The structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that the optimal combination of side chains at the para-position of propiophenone and fluoro substituent on the indanone moiety enhanced the anti-proliferative activities of tamoxifen analogs.
- Pathe, Gulab Khushalrao,Konduru, Naveen K.,Parveen, Iram,Ahmed, Naseem
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p. 83512 - 83521
(2015/10/19)
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- THERAPEUTIC FOR HEPATIC CANCER
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A novel pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing hepatocellular carcinoma and a method of treatment are provided. A pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing liver cancer is obtained by combining a chemotherapeutic agent with an anti-glypican 3 antibody. Also disclosed is a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing liver cancer which comprises as an active ingredient an anti-glypican 3 antibody for use in combination with a chemotherapeutic agent, or which comprises as an active ingredient a chemotherapeutic agent for use in combination with an anti-glypican 3 antibody. Using the chemotherapeutic agent and the anti-glypican 3 antibody in combination yields better therapeutic effects than using the chemotherapeutic agent alone, and mitigates side effects that arise from liver cancer treatment with the chemotherapeutic agent.
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- Anti-Claudin 3 Monoclonal Antibody and Treatment and Diagnosis of Cancer Using the Same
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Monoclonal antibodies that bind specifically to Claudin 3 expressed on cell surface are provided. The antibodies of the present invention are useful for diagnosis of cancers that have enhanced expression of Claudin 3, such as ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, uterine cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, stomach cancer, bladder cancer, and colon cancer. The present invention provides monoclonal antibodies showing cytotoxic effects against cells of these cancers. Methods for inducing cell injury in Claudin 3-expressing cells and methods for suppressing proliferation of Claudin 3-expressing cells by contacting Claudin 3-expressing cells with a Claudin 3-binding antibody are disclosed. The present application also discloses methods for diagnosis or treatment of cancers.
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of stilbene-based pure estrogen antagonists
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The nonsteroidal estrogen diethylstilbestrol can be converted into potent antiestrogens devoid of agonist activity by introduction of side chains with appropriate functional groups. Replacement of one of the ethyl substituents in diethylstilbestrol by side chains with functional groups converted this potent estrogen into pure antiestrogens with the potential for the treatment of breast cancer. These agents completely suppressed estrogen receptor-mediated gene activation and inhibited the growth of estrogen-sensitive MCF-7 breast cancer cells in submicromolar concentrations. The most potent derivative displayed similar activity as fulvestrant (ICI 182,780) in vitro and in the mouse uterine weight test. Obviously, the stilbene structure can act as a substitute for estradiol in the development of pure estrogen antagonists.
- Walter, Georg,Liebl, Renate,Von Angerer, Erwin
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p. 4659 - 4663
(2007/10/03)
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- Selectivity control by chemical modification of the recognition sites in two-point binding molecularly imprinted polymer
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We demonstrated the possibility of modifying the selectivity of a two-point binding imprinted polymer by chemical modification of the binding sites inside the cavities. We used a thermally reversible bond for the preparation of the monomer-template complex, which allowed us to remove the template easily by means of a simple thermal reaction and to simultaneously introduce various functional groups into the cavity. A phenylmaleimide having an azidocarbonyl group was reacted with diethylstilbestrol (DES, template) to yield a monomer, where the template was linked to two polymerizable maleimido groups via a thermally reversible urethane bond. The polymerization of the monomer was carried out in the presence of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) by the initiation with 2,2-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) at 54°C in DMF. The polymers were refluxed in 1,4-dioxane in the presence of a nucleophile such as water, methanol, or aniline. In this extraction step, the template molecules were removed from the polymer matrix, and simultaneously the isocyanato groups, which were generated by the thermal cleavage of the urethane bond, were converted to amino, urethane, or urea groups through their reaction with water, methanol, or aniline, respectively. The specific recognition ability of the imprinted polymers for the template and its structural analogues was dependent on the space between the two binding points as well as on the nature of the functional group. This method is especially propitious for developing artificial receptors for molecules lacking strongly interactive groups.
- Lee, Kangwon,Ki, Chang Do,Kim, Hasuck,Chang, Ji Young
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p. 5544 - 5549
(2007/10/03)
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- Human insulin analogues
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The present invention relates to novel human insulin analogues exhibiting a low ability to associate in solution, a method for the preparation of such insulin analogues, insulin preparations containing the human insulin analogues of the invention and a method of treating Diabetes Mellitus using these human insulin analogues.
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- STERICALLY-DRIVEN ANHYDRIDE FORMATION
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Oxidative coupling of highly substituted carboxylic acid dianions affords hindered succinic acid derivatives which undergo facile intramolecular anhydride formation.A novel, but low yield, synthetic sequence converts 4'-methoxypropiophenone into diethylstilbestrol.
- Belletire, J. L.,Conroy, G. M.
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p. 403 - 416
(2007/10/02)
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- Stereochemistry and Side Products in Reductive Coupling of Alkyl Aryl Ketones to 1,2-Dialkyl-1,2-diarylethylenes
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The reductive coupling of alkyl aryl ketones 1 - 3 and 7 - 9 by low valent titanium salts yields predominantly the (Z)-isomers of 11 - 13 and 17 - 19.Evidence is given by 1H NMR spectroscopy.This behavior can be explained by ?-complex formation of phenyl rings with Ti0.Severe steric hindrance, however, favors the (E)-isomers ( -> 14 and 15).Donor groups in p-position, particularly, give increasing amounts of pinacols, 23 - 27, which undergo rearrangement to the ketones 28 and 29.
- Leimner, Juergen,Weyerstahl, Peter
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p. 3697 - 3705
(2007/10/02)
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- BORON TETRAHALIDE-METHYL SULFIDE COMPLEXES AS CONVENIENT REAGENTS FOR DEALKYLATION OF ARYL ETHERS
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High yield dealkylation of several aryl methyl ethers was observed upon exposure of these compounds to an excess of the boron trihalidemethyl sulfide complexes.
- Williard, Paul G.,Fryhle, Craig B.
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p. 3731 - 3734
(2007/10/02)
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