57602-94-5

The chemical synthesis of deuterated isomeric 6,7-dihydroxydodecanoic acid methyl esters 1 and the subsequent metabolism of esters 1 and the corresponding acids 1a in liquid cultures of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated. Incubation experiments with (6R,7R)- or (6S,7S)-6,7-dihydroxy(6,7-2H2)dodecanoic acid methyl ester ((6R,7R)- or (6S,7S)-(6,7-2H2)-1, resp.) and (±)-threo- or (±)-erythro-6,7-dihydroxy(6,7-2H 2)dodecanoic acid ((±)-threo- or (±)-erythro-(6,7- 2H2)-1a, resp.) elucidated their metabolic pathway in yeast (Tables 1-3). The main products were isomeric 2H-labeled 5-hydroxydecano-4-lactones 2. The absolute configuration of the four isomeric lactones 2 was assigned by chemical synthesis via Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation and chiral gas chromatography (Lipodex E). The enantiomers of threo-2 were separated without derivatization on Lipodex E; in contrast, the enantiomers of erythro-2 could be separated only after transformation to their 5-O-(trifluoroacetyl) derivatives. Biotransformation of the methyl ester (6R,7R)-(6,7-2H2)-1 led to (4R,5R)- and (4S,5R)-(2,5- 2H2)-2 (ratio ca. 4:1; Table 2). Estimation of the label content and position of (4S,5R)-(2,5-2H2)-2 showed 95% label at C(5), 68% label at C(2), and no 2H at C(4) (Table 2). Therefore, oxidation and subsequent reduction with inversion at C(4) of 4,5-dihydroxydecanoic acid and transfer of 2H from C(4) to C(2) is postulated. The 5-hydroxydecano-4-lactones 2 are of biochemical importance: during the fermentation of Streptomyces griseus, (4S,5R)-2, known as L-factor, occurs temporarily before the antibiotic production, and (-)-muricatacin (=(4R,5R)-5-hydroxy-heptadecano-4-lactone), a homologue of (4R,5R)-2, is an anticancer agent.

The invention discloses a method of synthesizing 4-decenoic acid, including the following steps: performing heat reflux with 1-octylene-3-ol and ortho-acetate as raw materials in presence of a catalyst, distilling generated ethanol out at the same time, performing reduced pressure distillation to remove excessive ortho-acetate, and finally rectifying the product to obtain pure 4-decenoate; performing heat reflux to the 4-decenoate under an alkaline condition and distilling hydrolyzed alcohol compounds out, regulating the pH to 7, extracting and distilling the liquid, and finally rectifying the liquid to obtain pure 4-decenoic acid. The pure 4-decenoic acid is prepared through a Claisen rearrangement reaction. The synthesis process is simple.

A series of 3-oxo-C12-HSL, tetramic acid, and tetronic acid analogues were synthesized to gain insights into the structural requirements for quorum sensing inhibition in Staphylococcus aureus. Compounds active against agr were noncompetitive inhibitors of the autoinducing peptide (AIP) activated AgrC receptor, by altering the activation efficacy of the cognate AIP-1. They appeared to act as negative allosteric modulators and are exemplified by 3-tetradecanoyltetronic acid 17, which reduced nasal cell colonization and arthritis in a murine infection model.

The oxidation of alkyl and aryl aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids has been achieved through the action of a biomimetic bridged flavin catalyst. The reaction uses readily available 35% aqueous hydrogen peroxide and is operationally simple. The oxidation is a green and sustainable reaction, obviating chlorinated solvents with minimal byproducts.

Oxime benzoates and O-benzoyl hydroxamic acid derivatives react with tributylstannane in the presence of AIBN to give iminyl, amidyl, and carbamyl radicals which can be captured by an internal olefin.

Three new groups of peptaibols, trichodecenins, trichorovins and trichocellins, have been isolated from conidia of the fungus, Trichoderma viride. The structures of trichodecenins-I and -II were established by positive-ion fast-atom bombardment, collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometry and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. Trichodecenins-I and -II have a (Z)-4-decenoyl group, six amino acid residues and a leucinol moiety in the molecules. Trichodecenin-II was synthesized by the solution-phase method.

New synthetic methods are described for the preparation of (E)-3, (E)-4, and (E)-5-alkenoic acids by the regio- and stereoselective ring opening of β, γ, and δ-lactones with unsaturated substituents at the ω-position using organocopper reagents such as halomagnesium diorganocuprates or Grignard reagents in the presence of copper(I) iodide.Both the organocopper reagents with primary, secondary, tertiary alkyl, and phenyl groups gave the corresponding carbon homologated alkenoic acids in good yields.Alkadienoic acids were also obtained in good yields by the reactions of ω-alkenyllactones with divinyl- and diallylcuprates.Utilizing the ring opening of β-isopropenyl-β-propiolactone, homoterpenoid carboxylic acids were easly obtained in good yields.The ring opening of β-(1-chlorovinyl)-β-propiolactone afforded 4-chloro-3-alkenoic acids which were easly transformed to 4-oxoalkanoic acids and 4-oxo-2-alkenoic acids.

An efficient route for γ-alkyl-γ-butyrolactones (1) involving iodolactonisation is described.

Alkyl(diphenyl)phosphine oxides (5) are used to synthesize pure E or Z isomers of unsatured acids.The keto acids (10), made by two routes, are reduced to hydroxy acids whose crystalline lactones (12) can be separated and purified.Stereospecific elimination of Ph2PO2- gives the unsatured acids.

cis- and trans-Hex-4-enoic acids and their 6-n-propyl and n-butyl derivatives, when treated with a 1.1 molar excess of m-chloroperbenzoic acid and Amberlyst-15 as catalyst in CH2Cl2 at 20 deg C, gave the corresponding threo- and erythro-5-hydroxyalkylbutan-4-olides in quantitative yields.

Acylation of phosphine oxide anions with derivatives of cyclic anhydrides or oxidative cleavage of cyclic allyl phosphine oxides gives Ph2PO-ketoacids: reduction, separation of diastereoisomers, and completion of the Horner-Wittig reaction gives single isomers (E or Z) of unsaturated acids.

(Z)-4-Hexenolide reacted regioselectively with diorganocuprates to give (Z)-4-alkenoic acids in high yields.Synthetic utility was demonstrated by the convenient synthesis of cis-jasmone.

A systematic investigation has been carried out into the effect of different reaction parameters on the oxidation of oct-1-ene by manganese(III) acetate in acetic acid and acetic anhydride.The most important factor in dictating the ratio of products is the composition of the solvent.In the absence of anhydride γ-decanolactone is virtually the sole product.Even small quantitites of anhydride lead to the lactone being replaced by other products derived from cationic intermediates C6H13CH(1+)CH2COX (X = OH or OAc).Further increases in the amount of anhydride encourage the formation of decanoic acid until, in 90percent anhydride, this becomes the predominant product.The results cannot be interpreted simply in terms of competition for the alkene by the radicals (.)CH2CO2H and (.)CH2COOCOCH3.Decanoic acid formation is also favoured by low temperatures, low concentration of oxidants, and by the addition of acetate ions.A comparision is made of the efficiency of addition when the initiating species is manganese(III) or a peroxide.

γ-Vinyl-γ-butyrolactone and δ-vinyl-δ-valerolactone react regio- and stereoselectively with Grignard reagents in the presence of a copper(I) catalyst or with diorganocuprates to afford (E)-4- and (E)-5-alkenoic acids, respectively, in high yields.Synthetic utility of the former reaction is demonstrated in the simple synthesis of (4E,7Z)-4,7-tridecadienyl acetate.

Iodides containing methylene-interrupted triple or double bonds can be chain-extended in 45-73percent yield by reaction with tert-butyl lithioacetate in THF/HMPT at -35 deg C and subsequent acid-catalyzed thermolysis at 100 deg C.Alkyl and allyl bromides or iodides give acids in yields of 60 to 89percent.In some cases, minor amounts of methyl ketones were found.Alkyl chlorides and alkyl methane-, benzene- or p-toluenesulphonates are not suitable.