- A novel composite electrode material derived from bisferrocenyl-functionalized GO and PANI for high performance supercapacitor
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A novel bisferrocenyl based epoxy compound was synthesized to be used for further surface modification of graphene oxide (GO). GO surface was firstly modified with ethylenediamine (EDA) as an amine linker and then bisferrocenyl based epoxy compound was covalently grafted to the GO surface through the epoxide ring opening reaction. Afterwards, polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers were physically adsorbed onto the surface of the modified GO to obtain a potentially high-performance nanocomposite for battery-type supercapacitor applications. The surface modification, crystalline structure, morphology, composition, and microstructure of the synthesized nanocomposites were further investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and N2 adsorption/desorption analyses, respectively. Also, the electrochemical behavior of the synthesized nanocomposites was investigated by electrochemical methods of cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), galvanostatic charge-discharge measurement (GCD). The final nanocomposite electrode exhibited a charge storage capacity of 272 mAh g?1, and capacity retention of 89 % over 3000 CV cycles. A high energy density of 69.3 Wh kg?1 and high power density of 6171 W kg?1 were achieved in a symmetrical two-electrode configuration.
- Ahadzadeh, Iraj,Mohammadi, Reza,Payami, Elmira,Teimuri-Mofrad, Reza
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Read Online
- Selective method for the preparation of 5-chloropentan-2-one
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A selective method for the preparation of 5-chloropentan-2-one by interaction of 1-methylcyclobutanol with Ca(OCl)2 followed by decomposition of the hypochlorite thus obtained in the presence of FeII salt is proposed.The selectivity of the ketone formation from the alcohol is 98percent, while the conversion of the alcohol is 35-40percent. - Key words: 5-chloropentan-2-one, 1-methylcyclobutanol, 1-methylcyclobutylhypochlorite, free radical decomposition.
- Vinogradov, M. G.,Gorshkova, L. S.,Ferapontov, V. A.,Zinenkov, A. V.
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Read Online
- Method for synthesizing cyclopropyl methyl ketone
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The synthesis method, uses :1) methylfuran as the raw material 2 - to obtain,chloro - 2 2-pentanone, and the method comprises the following steps ;2): carrying out hydrogen hydrolysis 1) through one-pot hydrogenation hydrolysis, in the presence of the hydrogenation catalyst 5 - hydrogen and water.3). The method 2) for synthesizing the cyclopropylmethyl ketone according to step 5 - comprises the following steps: preparing the cyclopropylmethyl ketone, through a one-pot hydrogenation hydrolysis reaction and a ring-closing reaction step. to prepare the cyclopropylmethyl ketone, by a one-pot, hydrogenation hydrolysis reaction. 2 - The method comprises the following steps: synthesizing,methyl furan as, a raw material, through a one- pot 2 - hydrogenation hydrolysis reaction and, a ring- closing reaction to, prepare the. cyclopropylmethyl ketone by a one- pot hydrogenation hydrolysis reaction and a ring-closing reaction to obtain the cyclopropylmethyl ketone.
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Paragraph 0029; 0031; 0033; 0035; 0037; 0039; 0041
(2020/03/17)
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- Synthesis method and method for synthesizing plant alcohol, isoplant alcohol and geranyl geraniol by using intermediate farnesylacetone (by machine translation)
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The invention relates to a synthesis method of intermediate farnesyl acetone and a method for synthesizing vitamin E, vitamin K1, vitamin K2 side chain isovegetable alcohol, plant alcohol and geranyl geraniol by using farnesyl acetone, and concretely relates to hydrogenation of 5 - farnesyl -2 - acetone and farnesyl acetone through three Grignard reaction to obtain plant ketone. The farnesyl acetone reacts with the vinyl chloride Grignard reagent to obtain geranyl linalool, the aromatic leaf-based geraniol is rearranged under acid catalysis, or farnesyl acetone is directly reacted with the hydroxyl-protected 2 - chloroethanol Grignard reagent to obtain geraniol. The plant alcohol is reacted with the vinyl chloride Grignard reagent to obtain the plant alcohol, and the plant alcohol is directly reacted with the hydroxyl-protected 2 - chloroethanol Grignard reagent to obtain the plant alcohol. The method has the advantages of cheap and easily available starting materials, short synthetic process steps, low product cost and the like. (by machine translation)
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Paragraph 0061; 0072; 0078-0079
(2020/07/21)
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- Palladium/Copper-catalyzed Oxidation of Aliphatic Terminal Alkenes to Aldehydes Assisted by p-Benzoquinone
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The development of an anti-Markovnikov Wacker-type oxidation for simple aliphatic alkenes is a significant challenge. Herein, a variety of aldehydes can be selectively obtained from various unbiased aliphatic terminal alkenes using PdCl2(MeCN)2/CuCl in the presence of p-benzoquinone (BQ) under mild reaction conditions. Isomerization of the terminal alkene to the internal alkene was suppressed via slow addition of the starting material to the reaction mixture. In addition to the Pd catalyst, CuCl and BQ were essential in order to obtain the anti-Markovnikov product with high selectivity. Terminal alkenes bearing a halogen substituent afforded their corresponding aldehydes with high anti-Markovnikov selectivity. The halogen acts as a directing group in the reaction. DFT calculations indicate that a μ-chloro Pd(II)?Cu(I) bimetallic species with BQ coordinated to Cu is the catalytically active species in the case of a terminal alkene without a directing group.
- Komori, Saki,Yamaguchi, Yoshiko,Murakami, Yuka,Kataoka, Yasutaka,Ura, Yasuyuki
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p. 3946 - 3955
(2020/07/06)
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- Efficient Palladium(0) supported on reduced graphene oxide for selective oxidation of olefins using graphene oxide as a ‘solid weak acid’
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Selective oxidation of olefin derivatives to ketones has made innovative development over palladium(0) supported on reduced graphene oxide. Compared to traditional Wacker oxidation, the novel method offers an economical and environment-friendly option by using graphene oxide (GO) as a ‘solid weak acid’ instead of classical homogeneous catalysts like H2SO4 and CF3COOH. X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy images of Pd0/RGO showed that the nanoscaled Pd particles generated at the flake structure of reduced graphene oxide. Under optimized condition, up to 44 kinds of ketones with different structures can be prepared with excellent yields.
- Gao, Xi,Zhou, Jianhao,Peng, Xinhua
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- Preparation method of 2-chloro-1-(1-chlorocyclopropyl) acetone
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The invention relates to the technical field of chemical synthesis, and particularly discloses a preparation method of 2-chloro-1-(1-chlorocyclopropyl) acetone. The preparation method comprises the following steps: enabling alpha-acetyl-gamma butyrolactone and hydrochloric acid to have an open-loop decarboxylic reaction to obtain 5-chloro-2-pentanone; adding the 5-chloro-2-pentanone and a catalystinto an alkaline solution, implementing a cyclization reaction, obtaining cyclopropyl methyl ketone; implementing a chlorination reaction with a chloride agent to obtain the 2-chloro-1-(1-chlorocyclopropyl) acetone. The reaction steps of the provided method are less, the reaction period is short, the yield is more than 70%, and the content of the 2-chloro-1-(1-chlorocyclopropyl) acetone in a product is more than 95%.
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Paragraph 0029; 0030; 0031; 0034; 0035; 0036; 0039; 0040
(2019/05/28)
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- A pharmaceutical intermediate 5 - chloro - 2 - pentanone synthetic method (by machine translation)
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The present invention discloses a pharmaceutical intermediate 5 - chloro - 2 - pentanone synthetic method, in order to 3 - acetyl-propanol and HCl as raw materials, the chemical reaction under the following conditions: the temperature T=100 °C, vacuum degree P=- 0.045 mpa, 3 - acetyl-propanol and the molar ratio of HCl N=1:2, HCl concentration is 21%. The invention optimizes the 5 - chloro - 2 - pentanone synthesis temperature, vacuum degree, the molar ratio of the raw materials and the concentration of raw materials conditions, in industrial conditions, 5 - chloro - 2 - pentanone molar yield of 92%, and stability is good. (by machine translation)
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Paragraph 0007
(2018/04/03)
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- Ferric(III) Chloride Catalyzed Halogenation Reaction of Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids Using α,α-Dichlorodiphenylmethane
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A new method for chlorination of alcohols and carboxylic acids, using α,α-dichlorodiphenylmethane as the chlorinating agent and FeCl3 as the catalyst, was developed. The method enables conversions of various alcohols and carboxylic acids to their corresponding alkyl and acyl chlorides in high yields under mild conditions. Particulary interesting is the observation that the respective alkyl bromides and iodides can be generated from alcohols when either LiBr or LiI are present in the reaction mixtures.
- Lee, Chang-Hee,Lee, Soo-Min,Min, Byul-Hana,Kim, Dong-Su,Jun, Chul-Ho
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supporting information
p. 2468 - 2471
(2018/04/25)
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- Pharmaceutical intermediate 5-chloro-2-pentanone synthesis method
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The invention discloses a pharmaceutical intermediate 5-chloro-2-pentanone synthesis method, which comprises: placing 2-methylfuran in a reaction kettle, introducing nitrogen gas, adding a Cu-Mn-Mo composite oxide, controlling the temperature at 20-30 DEG C, introducing hydrogen, controlling the pressure at 0.25-0.3 MPa, carrying out a reaction for 30-45 min, stopping the reaction, filtering the prepared mixture, collecting the filtrate, and preparing 2-methyl-4,5-dihydrofuran; and mixing the prepared 2-methyl-4,5-dihydrofuran and diethyl ether, adding the mixture to a reaction kettle, controlling the temperature at 70-80 DEG C, adding FeCl3, uniformly stirring, controlling the pressure at 0.05-0.08 Mpa, carrying out microwave treatment for 30-45 min, carrying out a stirring reflux reaction for 2-3 h, adding water after completing the reaction, uniformly mixing, carrying out a stirring reaction for 1-2 h, restoring to a room pressure and a room temperature, collecting the organic layer, and carrying out pressure reducing distillation to prepare 5-chloro-2-pentanone. According to the present invention, the synthesis method has characteristics of simple operation, mild condition, less by-product, high product purity and high product yield.
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Paragraph 0023; 0032; 0041; 0046; 0050; 0054; 0059
(2018/10/11)
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- Controlling Selectivity by Controlling Energy Partitioning in a Thermal Reaction in Solution
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The comparison of experimental and predicted kinetic isotope effects in the α-cleavage of alkoxy radicals is used here to judge the applicability of statistical rate theories. It is found that the governing rate theory and the statistical versus nonstatistical nature of the cleavage depend on the cleavage barrier and how much energy is imparted to the radical. The latter can then be controlled by changing the size of substituents in the system. With a large alkyl group substituent, the vibrational energy of the alkoxy radical is increased, but this energy is not statistically distributed, leading to a lower isotope effect than predicted by statistical theories. The observed isotope effect can be approximately rationalized using a semistatistical localized RRKM model.
- Kurouchi, Hiroaki,Andujar-De Sanctis, Ivonne L.,Singleton, Daniel A.
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supporting information
p. 14534 - 14537
(2016/11/18)
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- A 5-chloro-2-pentanone method for the preparation of
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The present invention provides a 5-chloro-2-pentanone preparation method, which comprises that: 2-methyl furan is subjected to a hydrogenation reaction in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst and hydrogen gas to prepare 2-methyl-4,5-dihydrofuran, and the 2-methyl-4,5-dihydrofuran and hydrochloric acid are subjected to a ring opening chlorination reaction to obtain the 5-chloro-2-pentanone. According to the present invention, 2-methyl furan is adopted as the raw material, the reaction steps are simple and easy to operate, no wastewater is generated during the production process, and environmental protection requirements are met; the hydrogenation catalyst, the distillate and the hydrochloric acid can be recycled so as to substantially reduce the production cost, and the prepared product has characteristics of high yield and high purity; and compared with the conventional process, the preparation method of the present invention has characteristics of complete elimination of influence of hydrochloric acid on the catalyst, improvement of the catalyst utilization rate, and substantial reduction of the 5-chloro-2-pentanone production cost.
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Paragraph 0021-0023
(2017/04/07)
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- Continuous-Flow Multistep Synthesis of Cinnarizine, Cyclizine, and a Buclizine Derivative from Bulk Alcohols
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Cinnarizine, cyclizine, buclizine, and meclizine belong to a family of antihistamines that resemble each other in terms of a 1-diphenylmethylpiperazine moiety. We present the development of a four-step continuous process to generate the final antihistamines from bulk alcohols as the starting compounds. HCl is used to synthesize the intermediate chlorides in a short reaction time and excellent yields. This methodology offers an excellent way to synthesize intermediates to be used in drug synthesis. Inline separation allows the collection of pure products and their immediate consumption in the following steps. Overall isolated yields for cinnarizine, cyclizine, and a buclizine derivative are 82, 94, and 87 %, respectively. The total residence time for the four steps is 90 min with a productivity of 2 mmol h-1. The incredible bulk: Bulk alcohols are converted continuously into chlorides using HCl in a microflow. A reaction network that consists of four steps and two inline separations leads to the continuous preparation of cinnarizine, cyclizine, and a buclizine derivative with yields of 82, 94, and 87 %, respectively. The total residence time for the four steps is 90 min with a productivity of 2 mmol h-1.
- Borukhova, Svetlana,Nol, Timothy,Hessel, Volker
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- Hydration of alkynes at room temperature catalyzed by gold(I) isocyanide compounds
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An effective method using gold(I) isocyanide complexes as catalysts for the transformation of various alkynes to the corresponding ketones is successfully developed. The hydration process proceeds smoothly at room temperature with quite high yield (up to 99%). The catalytic center is the isocyanide-Au(I)+ cation. Further theoretical research reveals a direct hydration mechanism by H2O, and the rate-determining step has an energy barrier of 23.7 kcal mol?1. These results show a good example to reduce unnecessary steps and achieve milder reaction conditions at the same time for the hydration of alkynes.
- Xu, Yun,Hu, Xingbang,Shao, Jing,Yang, Guoqiang,Wu, Youting,Zhang, Zhibing
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supporting information
p. 532 - 537
(2018/04/16)
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- Isomerization-free sulfonylation and its application in the synthesis of PHA-565272A
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FeCl3 catalyzed an isomerization-free Friedel-Crafts sulfonylation between 1-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride and halobenzenes. The coupled halide was then displaced using 35% hydrazine in DMSO to provide the Fischer indole precursor. Pure 5-chloro-2-pentanone was the key for a successful Grandberg modification of Fischer indole synthesis that effectively constructed both the indole core and side chain of the target molecule. The development of these methods enabled a rapid preparation of kilogram quantities of PHA-565272A.
- Fleck, Thomas J.,Chen, Jiong Jack,Lu, Cuong V.,Hanson, Kari J.
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p. 334 - 338
(2012/12/22)
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- Direct conversion of N-methoxy-N-methylamides (Weinreb amides) to ketones via a nonclassical Wittig reaction
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(Chemical Equation Presented) N-Methoxy-N-methylamides (Weinreb amides) are converted efficiently into ketones by reaction with alkylidenetriphenylphosphoranes and in situ hydrolysis of the product.
- Murphy, John A.,Commeureuc, Aurelien G. J.,Snaddon, Thomas N.,McGuire, Thomas M.,Khan, Tanweer A.,Hisler, Kevin,Dewis, Mark L.,Carling, Robert
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p. 1427 - 1429
(2007/10/03)
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- Process for producing carbonyl compound
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The present invention relates to a process which comprises efficiently proceeding a hydration reaction of an alkyne in aspects of turnover numbers of a catalyst, yield and speed to thereby industrially and advantageously produce the corresponding carbonyl compound. The present invention provides a process for producing a carbonyl compound, which comprises reacting an alkyne compound with water in the presence of a gold catalyst which is an organogold complex compound and acid in an organic solvent.
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Page/Page column 8
(2008/06/13)
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- Highly efficient Au1-catalyzed hydration of alkynes
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As good as gold: Hydration of alkynes by using gold - acid catalyst systems with high turnover frequencies provides a greener synthetic route to carbonyl compounds in high yields, as shown.
- Mizushima, Eiichiro,Sato, Kazuhiko,Hayashi, Teruyuki,Tanaka, Masato
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p. 4563 - 4565
(2007/10/03)
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- Tetrabutylammonium peroxydisulfate in organic synthesis; IV. An efficient, highly selective and oxidative deoximation by tetrabutylammonium peroxydisulfate
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Tetrabutylammonium peroxydisulfate has been proved out to be an efficient and highly chemoselective reagent for the conversion of oximes to the corresponding carbonyl compounds under mild conditions.
- Chen, Fener,Liu, Anchang,Yan, Qiongjiao,Liu, Mingxing,Zhang, Daoming,Shao, Lanying
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p. 1049 - 1056
(2007/10/03)
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- Oxidation of 1-alkylcycloalkanols with PbIV and MnIII compounds under mechanical activation
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A mechanoactivated solid-state oxidative decyclization of 1-alkylcycloalkanols under the action of the Pb(OAc)4-MX or Mn(OAc)3-MX systems (MX is a metal halide) was carried out for the first time. The reaction affords exclusively ω-haloalkanones.
- Kapustina,Sokova,Makhaev,Petrova,Nikishin
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p. 2080 - 2082
(2007/10/03)
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- Electrochemical oxidative ring opening of 1-methylcyclobutanol
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The manganese(III) acetate-mediated electrooxidative ring opening of 1-methylcyclobutanol (1) in acetic acid affords pentane-2-one (2) as the major product. The reaction of 1-methylcyclobutanol with Mn(OAc)3-LiCl gives 5-chloropentane-2-one (4).
- Kapustina,Sokova,Nikishin
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p. 1246 - 1248
(2007/10/03)
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- OXIDATION OF 1-METHYLCYCLOBUTANOL BY Pb(IV) AND Mn(III) COMPOUNDS
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The main product of the reaction of 1-methylcyclobutanol with Pb(OAc)4 in benzene is 1-phenyl-4-pentanone; the use of Mn(OAc)3 in acetic acid gives a mixture of 2,9-decanedione and methyl propyl ketone; 1-(chloro-, bromo-, thiocyano-, or ccyano)-4-pentanone is formed in the presence of the systems Pb(OAc)4-metal halide or Mn(OAc)3-metal halide. Keywords: oxidation, 1-methylcyclobutanol, lead tetraacetate, manganese triacetate, β-cleavage.
- Kapustina, N.I.,Nikishin, G.I.
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p. 2189 - 2192
(2007/10/02)
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- REACTION OF 2-METHYL-4,5-DIHYDROFURAN WITH HYDROGEN CHLORIDE
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Reaction of 2-methyl-4,5-dihydrofuran with HCl at 0 deg C yields 5'-chloro-2'-pentanone (13percent) and 1'-(2-methyltetrahydrofuryl-2)-5'-chloro-2'-pentanone (27percent) and at 200 deg 5'-chloro-2'-pentanone exclusively. Keywords: 2-methyl-4,5-dihydrofuran, 5'-chloro-2'-pentanone, 1'-(2-methyltetrahydrofuryl-2)-5'-chloro-2'-pentanone.
- Polivin, Yu. N.,Karakhanov, R. A.,Sheveleva, T. S.,Ugrak, B. I.,Kelarev, V. I.
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p. 1716 - 1718
(2007/10/02)
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- Piperdine and piperazine derivatives, and antihistaminic pharmaceutical compositions containing the same
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Disclosed is a compound represented by Formula (I): STR1 wherein Ar1, Ar2, n, A, B and Z are as defined in claims. Disclosed are also a process for preparing the compound and pharmaceutical compositions containing the compound. The compound has an antihistamic and antiallergic effect.
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- Scope, Limitation, and Mechanism of the Homoconjugate Electrophilic Addition of Hydrogen Halides
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Hydrogen halides (HCl, HBr, HI) add by a homoconjugate 1,5 mechanism to cyclopropanes carrying certain electron-withdrawing substituents.When the substituent is COCH3, COC6H5, CO2H, or CN, the reaction gives the 1,3-disubstituted propane in high yield.Addition of DCl gives a product with deuterium only in the position α to the substituent.The order of rates is not in agreement with a mechanism whereby the cyclopropane ring is protonated initially, since the rate of such a process should be slowed by electron-withdrawing groups.The ketones, however, react much more rapidly than benzylcyclopropane, a model for the direct protonation mechanism.The homoconjugate mechanism involves rapid protonation of the side chain, followed by nucleophilic attack on the cyclopropane ring.The reaction is limited to substrates that can be protonated on the side chain to produce an intermediate with charge ajacent to the cyclopropane ring.This charge must be able to be transmitted by resonance to the unsubstituted ring positions in order to facilitate the nucleophilic step.
- Lambert, Joseph B.,Napoli, James J.,Johnson, Katharine Kappauf,Taba, Kalulu N.,Packard, Beverly Sue
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p. 1291 - 1295
(2007/10/02)
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- Synthesis of Cyclopropane Derivatives from Electron-deficient Olefins and Dichloromethane via Copper(I) Catalysed Photochemical Addition followed by an Electroreductive Dehalogenation Reaction
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The CuCl-catalysed photochemical reaction of electron-deficient olefins with dichloromethane gave 1,3-dichloro compounds, which then afforded cyclopropane derivatives by electrochemical reduction.
- Mitani, Michiharu,Yamamoto, Yasuo,Koyama, Kikuhiko
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p. 1446 - 1447
(2007/10/02)
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