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Magneli-type tungsten oxide nanorods as catalysts for the selective oxidation of organic sulfides
Selective oxidation of thioethers is an important reaction to obtain sulfoxides as synthetic intermediates for applications in the chemical industry, medicinal chemistry and biology or the destruction of warfare agents. The reduced Magneli-type tungsten oxide WO3?xpossesses a unique oxidase-like activity which facilitates the oxidation of thioethers to the corresponding sulfoxides. More than 90% of the model system methylphenylsulfide could be converted to the sulfoxide with a selectivity of 98% at room temperature within 30 minutes, whereas oxidation to the corresponding sulfone was on a time scale of days. The concentration of the catalyst had a significant impact on the reaction rate. Reasonable catalytic effects were also observed for the selective oxidation of various organic sulfides with different substituents. The WO3?xnanocatalysts could be recycled at least 5 times without decrease in activity. We propose a metal oxide-catalyzed route based on the clean oxidant hydrogen peroxide. Compared to other molecular or enzyme catalysts the WO3?xsystem is a more robust redox-nanocatalyst, which is not susceptible to decomposition or denaturation under standard conditions. The unique oxidase-like activity of WO3?xcan be used for a wide range of applications in synthetic, environmental or medicinal chemistry.
D?ren, René,Hartmann, Jens,Leibauer, Benjamin,Panth?fer, Martin,Mondeshki, Mihail,Tremel, Wolfgang
p. 14027 - 14037
(2021/10/19)

Synthesis, spectral characterization, SC-XRD, HSA, DFT and catalytic activity of novel dioxovanadium(V) complex with aminobenzohydrazone Schiff base ligand: An experimental and theoretical approach
A new dioxovanadium(V) complex was prepared by the reaction of VO(acac)2 with a tridentate ONO donor Schiff base, derived by condensing 3-ethoxysalicylaldehyde and 4-aminobenzohydrazide. The structures of synthesized products were characterized spectroscopically through FT-IR, 1H & 13C NMR and by elemental composition through combustion analysis. The structure of the complex was determined with the help of single crystal X-ray crystallography. It was inferred from the diffraction data that the geometry around the central metal ion in the complex is distorted square pyramidal. The tridentate Schiff base ligand is bonded to the central metal through the oxygen of the carbonyl group, the deprotonated phenolic oxygen atom and the azomethine nitrogen. The pyramid base is completed by other oxo ligands that are in cis positions. The theoretical calculations, performed by DFT using B3LYP/Def2-TZVP level of theory, determined that the intended outcomes are in compliance with the actual consequences. Furthermore, the catalytic potential of the vanadium complex was explored for the selective oxidation of the aryl and alkyl sulfides to the corresponding sulfones in the presence of 30% aqueous H2O2 in ethanol. In this work, rPBE and B3LYP methods are used to locate transition structures and to compare free energies of reactants, transition structures and the products involved in the reaction. Analyzing nudge elastic band data shows that the barrier free energy for the oxidation of sulfide to sulfoxide and sulfone are 13 and 83 kcal.mol?1, respectively. The main advantages of the present catalytic study are high yields of the products, less time required for the completion of the reaction and simple work-out procedure.
Ashfaq, Muhammad,Behjatmanesh-Ardakani, Reza,Fallah-Mehrjardi, Mehdi,Kargar, Hadi,Munawar, Khurram Shahzad,Tahir, Muhammad Nawaz
(2021/07/28)

Synthesis, spectra (FT-IR, NMR) investigations, DFT, FMO, MEP, NBO analysis and catalytic activity of MoO2(VI) complex with ONO tridentate hydrazone Schiff base ligand
A new dioxomolybdenum(VI) complex has been successfully prepared by the reaction of an ONO donor Schiff base, derived by condensing 4-amino-2-hydroxybenzohydrazide and 3-ethoxysalicylaldehyde, with MoO2(acac)2. The structures of synthesized products were explored spectroscopically through FT-IR, 1H & 13C NMR and by elemental composition (CHN) through combustion analysis. The tridentate Schiff base ligand is bonded to the central metal through its deprotonated enolic and phenolic oxygen atoms and by the nitrogen of the azomethine group. The interpretation of the data obtained through diffraction analysis validates the distorted octahedral geometry for the prepared metal complex. Furthermore, the catalytic potential of the molybdenum complex was explored for the selective oxidation of the aryl and alkyl sulfides to the corresponding sulfones in the presence of 30% aqueous H2O2 in ethanol. The main edge of the present catalytic work is the accomplishment of reaction in a short period of time, high percentage yield and easy work-up procedure.
Behjatmanesh-Ardakani, Reza,Fallah-Mehrjardi, Mehdi,Kargar, Hadi,Munawar, Khurram Shahzad
(2021/08/16)

Accurate Regulating of Visible-Light Absorption in Polyoxotitanate-Calix[8]arene Systems by Ligand Modification
With use of a macrocyclic polyphenol, tert-butylcalix[8]arene (TBC[8]), as ligands, a series of TBC[8]-stabilized {Ti4O2}clusters, containing penta- and hexacoordinated Ti centers, were synthesized. Such complexes are "core-shell" shaped containing a {Ti4O2} core arranged in a zigzag fashion. While outer walls of the clusters are decorated by deprotonated TBC[8], their upper and lower surfaces can be modified by various O- or N-donor ligands, and the ratio of the penta- and hexacoordinated Ti(IV) centers in the {Ti4O2} core can be precisely regulated from 4:0, to 3:1, to 2:2, to 1:3, and finally to 0:4. The combined coordination of different ligands in the axial direction shows significant influence on the adsorption of the TBC[8]-Ti4 system in the visible-light region, and their absorption edge can be precisely regulated from 600 to 700 nm. The above structural functionalization in the TBC[8]-Ti4 system also tunes their photocatalytic H2 production activities and oxidative desulfurization ability. Thus, for the first time, by confining the polyoxotitanium cluster in macrocyclic molecules, we provide an example of understanding the structure-property relationship of titanium-oxygen materials by ligand modification.
Liu, Chao,Yang, Xin-Xue,Yi, Xiao-Yi,Yu, Wei-Dong
(2020/06/08)

Synthesis method of sulfone compound
The invention discloses a synthesis method of a sulfone compound. The synthesis method specifically comprises the following steps: taking a compound shown as formula (I) as a reaction raw material, Ru/C as a catalyst, NaIO4 as an oxidant and water as a solvent, reacting at room temperature, and after the reaction is finished, carrying out after-treatment on an obtained reaction solution to obtainthe sulfone compound shown as formula (II), wherein the use amount of Ru/C is 0.5-2% of the molar amount of the compound shown in the formula (I) in terms of the molar amount of Ru; the molar amount of NaIO4 is 50-150% of the molar amount of the compound represented by formula (I). Under normal temperature conditions, cheap ruthenium carbon is oxidized by sodium periodate to generate ruthenium tetroxide, so that a thioether compound is further oxidized to synthesize the sulfone compound, the yield is close to 100 %, the subsequent treatment is simple, and a pure product can be obtained withoutcomplex separation and purification. Therefore, the method is more efficient, faster, more environmentally friendly and milder.
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Paragraph 0030-0034

(2020/01/25)

Synthesis and characterization of Manganese(III) tetraphenylporphyrinato chloride immobilized on multi-wall carbon nanotubes, and its application as an efficient and reusable catalyst in the biomimetic oxidation of sulfides: A comprehensive experimental and computational study
In the present study, manganese(III) tetraphenylporphyrinato choloride, was immobilized on multiwall carbon nanotubes by covalent bonding. The structures of [Mn(TPP)Cl]&at;AP-MWC catalyst was confirmed by FT-IR, UV–vis spectroscopic techniques and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then, the ability of this novel heterogeneous catalyst was investigated in the oxidation of linear and cyclic sulfides under magnetic stirring conditions. Also, the DFT computational method (B3PW91 method with LanL2DZ basis set) was used for further analysis of this catalyst. Based on this method, the molecular geometries and frequencies of vibrations, chemical shifts, absorbed wavelengths, hyper-conjugative interactions, electron transitions between electron surfaces, positive and negative charges, HOMO and LUMO gap, wavelength (λ), chemical potential (μ), ionization energy (IE), global hardness (η), global softness (S), electrophilicity index (ω) and electronegativity (α) of the most intensity electronic transition for carbon nanotubes and [Mn(TPP)Cl]&at;AP-MWCNT catalyst were calculated. The activity and efficiency of this catalyst were then investigated in the biomimetic oxidation of sulfides. The [Mn(TPP)Cl]&at;AP-MWC heterogeneous catalyst showed the advantages such as high efficiency, good to excellent yield, short reaction times, easy separation and high reusability of the catalyst.
Khajehzadeh, Mostafa,Moghadam, Majid,Noorbakhsh, Pardis
(2020/08/07)

Molybdenum (VI)-functionalized UiO-66 provides an efficient heterogeneous nanocatalyst in oxidation reactions
A novel heterogeneous nanocatalyst was established by supporting molybdenum (VI) on Zr6 nodes in the structure of the well-known UiO-66 metal–organic framework (MOF). The structure of the UiO-66 before and after Mo (VI) immobilization was confirmed with XRD, DR-FTIR and UV–vis spectroscopy, and the presence and amount of Mo (VI) was identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. TEM imaging confirmed the absence of Mo clusters on the MOF surface, while SEM confirmed that the appearance of the MOF has not changed upon immobilizing the Mo (VI) catalyst. BET adsorption measurements were used to confirm the porosity of the catalyst. The catalytic activity of this heterogeneous catalyst was investigated in oxidation of sulfides with H2O2 in acetonitrile and oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene. Easy work up, convenient and steady reuse and high activity and selectivity are prominent properties of this new hybrid material.
Afzali, Niloufar,Kardanpour, Reihaneh,Zadehahmadi, Farnaz,Tangestaninejad, Shahram,Moghadam, Majid,Mirkhani, Valiollah,Mechler, Adam,Mohammadpoor-Baltork, Iraj,Bahadori, Mehrnaz
(2019/09/09)

An isotetramolybdate-supported rhenium carbonyl derivative: Synthesis, characterization, and use as a catalyst for sulfoxidation
A novel isotetramolybdate-supported rhenium carbonyl derivative, [(CH3)4N]4[{Re(CO)3}4(Mo4O16)]·H2O (1), has been successfully synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction crystallography, IR and UV spectroscopy, etc. Results showed that, compound 1 is an efficient catalyst for the oxidation of thioanisole into the corresponding sulfoxide in the presence of hydrogen peroxide with good to excellent conversion (99%) and excellent selectivity (93%). Highly efficient oxygenation of thioanisole can also be achieved with 100% selectivity of sulfone and >99% conversion. Furthermore, optimized conditions were applied to a range of sulfides to obtain the corresponding sulfoxides and sulfones.
Lu, Jingkun,Ma, Xinyi,Singh, Vikram,Zhang, Yujiao,Ma, Pengtao,Zhang, Chao,Niu, Jingyang,Wang, Jingping
p. 5279 - 5285
(2018/04/23)

Oxidation reactions catalysed by molybdenum(VI) complexes grafted on UiO-66 metal–organic framework as an elegant nanoreactor
A heterogeneous catalyst was synthesized by immobilizing Mo(CO)3 in a UiO-66 metal–organic framework. The benzene ring of the organic linker in UiO-66 was modified via liquid-phase deposition of molybdenum hexacarbonyl, Mo(CO)6, as starting precursor to form the (arene)Mo(CO)3 species inside the framework. The structure of this catalyst was characterized using X-ray diffraction, and chemical integrity was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared and diffuse reflectance UV–visible spectroscopic methods. The metal content was analysed with inductively coupled plasma. Field emission scanning electron microscopy was used to measure particle size and N2 adsorption measurements to characterize the specific surface area. This catalytic system was efficiently applied for epoxidation of alkenes and oxidation of sulfides. The Mo-containing metal–organic framework was reused several times without any appreciable loss of its efficiency.
Afzali, Niloufar,Tangestaninejad, Shahram,Moghadam, Majid,Mirkhani, Valiollah,Mechler, Adam,Mohammadpoor-Baltork, Iraj,Kardanpour, Reihaneh,Zadehahmadi, Farnaz
(2017/09/06)

Organophosphonate-Functionalized Lanthanopolyoxomolybdate: Synthesis, Characterization, Magnetism, Luminescence, and Catalysis of H2O2-Based Thioether Oxidation
A novel class of organophosphonate-based polyoxomolybdate derivatives, K4H5[Ln3(H2O)14{(Mo8O24)(O3PCH2COO)3}2]·23H2O (Ln = Gd (1Gd), Tb (2Tb), Dy (3Dy)), have been fully investigated by a few characterization methods such as single-crystal X-ray crystallography, XRPD, elemental analysis, TGA, and IR spectra. The magnetic properties of 1Gd, 2Tb, and 3Dy were investigated, as well as the solid-state luminescence properties of 2Tb and 3Dy. The catalysis properties of 1Gd, 2Tb, and 3Dy for thioether oxidization have been investigated using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidant. The catalysis study demonstrated the efficient and selective conversion of various thioethers to their corresponding sulfones in excellent yields.
Wang, Jiawei,Niu, Yanjun,Zhang, Meng,Ma, Pengtao,Zhang, Chao,Niu, Jingyang,Wang, Jingping
p. 1796 - 1805
(2018/02/23)

Synthesis and characterization of a Sb(v)-containing polyoxomolybdate serving as a catalyst for sulfoxidation
A Sb-containing Anderson-based polyoxomolybdate cluster, [(CH3)4N]4H8[Na5Sb3(Sb2Mo12O57)]·17H2O [1; (CH3)4N+ = TMA+], has been successfully synthesized by using an aqueous solution method and structurally characterized. In particular, UV-Vis spectroscopy has been employed to elucidate the stability of the polyoxoanions. Under mild conditions, the catalyst demonstrates high activity and selectivity for the sulfoxidation of various sulfides in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. For example, thioanisole undergoes up to 100% conversion and 100% sulfone selectivity at 25 °C in aqueous solution.
Lu, Jingkun,Wang, Yaping,Ma, Xinyi,Niu, Yanjun,Singh, Vikram,Ma, Pengtao,Zhang, Chao,Niu, Jingyang,Wang, Jingping
p. 8070 - 8077
(2018/06/29)

A Crown-Shaped Ru-Substituted Arsenotungstate for Selective Oxidation of Sulfides with Hydrogen Peroxide
An acetate-bridged Ru-substituted arsenotungstate [H2N(CH3)2]14[As4W40O140{Ru2(CH3COO)}2]?22 H2O (1) has been synthesized and structurally characterized. Four Ru atoms occupy the respective lacunary S2 sites of the crown-shaped polyanion [As4W40O140]28?, and each Ru atom is coordinated by one As atom and five μ2-O atoms, comprising four from the S2 site and one from the acetate ligand. To the best of our knowledge, this coordination of the Ru atom, with an Ru?As bond length of 2.377(3)–2.387(3) ?, is unprecedented in polyoxometalate (POM) chemistry. Notably, 1 exhibits high efficiency, excellent selectivity, and good recyclability for the oxidation of sulfides with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Catalytic oxidation of various sulfides in the presence of 1 gives superior conversion and selectivity for sulfones in acetonitrile, whereas sulfoxides are obtained in methanol.
Han, Mengdan,Niu, Yanjun,Wan, Rong,Xu, Qiaofei,Lu, Jingkun,Ma, Pengtao,Zhang, Chao,Niu, Jingyang,Wang, Jingping
p. 11059 - 11066
(2018/08/09)

Green catalysis for the selective oxidation of sulfides with high turnover numbers in water at room temperature
A hybrid catalyst based on monoprotonated divanadium-substituted phosphotungstate ([γ-HPV2W10O40]4?) was synthesized and used for the selective oxidation of sulfides. The catalytic system was carried out in water with hydrogen peroxide at room temperature. Unprecedented turnover numbers (TONs) for all substrates were obtained, which are much higher than previous reports.
Zhao, Wei,Yang, Chunxia,Sun, Hongxian,Cheng, Zhiguo,Chang, Tao
supporting information
p. 19349 - 19352
(2018/12/13)

The Polyoxovanadate-Based Carboxylate Derivative K6H[VV17VIV12(OH)4O60(OOC(CH2)4COO)8]·nH2O: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Catalysis for Oxidation of Sulfides
The high-nuclearity polyoxovanadate-based carboxylate derivative K6H[VV17VIV12(OH)4O60(OOC(CH2)4COO)8]·nH2O (1) has been successfully synthesized by conventional aqueous methods and structurally characterized. The [VV17VIV12(OH)4O60(OOC(CH2)4COO)8]7- polyanion is built up from three cages: one {VV17(OH)4O44} cage and two identical [(VIV3O6)2(OOC(CH2)4COO)4]8- cages. Of the three cages, the {VV17(OH)4O44} is a purely inorganic polyoxovanadate cluster, whereas each of the [(VIV3O6)2(OOC(CH2)4COO)4]8- cages is a vanadium-based organic-inorganic hybrid cluster framed via four adipate ligands linking simultaneously to two triangular {V3} units. The two [(VIV3O6)2(OOC(CH2)4COO)4]8- cages are covalently attached to the central {VV17(OH)4O44} cage via V-O-V bonds in a linear arrangement, resulting in a {V29}-based hybrid cluster skeleton. The catalytic properties of compound 1 for the oxidation of sulfides by tert-butyl hydroperoxide were investigated, and the result indicates that 1 exhibits excellent catalytic activity for the oxidation of sulfides under mild conditions.
Wang, Ke,Niu, Yanjun,Zhao, Dongyan,Zhao, Yanxin,Ma, Pengtao,Zhang, Dongdi,Wang, Jingping,Niu, Jingyang
p. 14053 - 14059
(2017/11/27)

Synthesis and characterization of PMoV/Fe3O4/g-C3N4 from melamine: An industrial green nanocatalyst for deep oxidative desulfurization
A facile approach to the preparation of a novel magnetically separable H5PMo10V2O40/Fe3O4/g-C3N4 (PMoV/Fe3O4/g-C3N4) nanocomposite by chemical impregnation is demonstrated. The prepared nanocomposite was characterized and its acidity was measured by potentiometric titration. PMoV/Fe3O4/g-C3N4 showed high catalytic activity in the selective oxidative desulfurization of sulfides to their corresponding sulfoxides or sulfones. The catalytic oxidation of a dibenzothiophene (DBT)-containing model oil and that of real oil were also studied under optimized conditions. In addition, the effects of various nitrogen compounds, as well as the use of one- and two-ring aromatic hydrocarbons as co-solvents, on the catalytic removal of sulfur from DBT were investigated. The catalyst was easily separated and could be recovered from the reaction mixture by using an external magnetic field. Additionally, the remaining reactants could be separated from the products by simple decantation if an appropriate solvent was chosen for the extraction. The advantages of this nanocatalyst are its high catalytic activity and reusability; it can be used at least four times without considerable loss of activity.
Rafiee, Ezzat,Khodayari, Maryam
p. 458 - 468
(2017/04/04)

Hydrophilic phase transfer catalyst based on the sulfoacid group and polyoxometalate for the selective oxidation of sulfides in water with hydrogen peroxide
A hybrid catalyst, based on SO3H-fuctionalized quaternary ammonium and polyoxovanadometalate, was synthesized and used for the selective oxidation of sulfides in water at room temperature. The highest turnover numbers (TON) can reach up to 1536. The organic products with high yields can be easily separated and the catalytic system can be used several times with the retention of catalytic activity.
Zhao, Wei,Yang, Chunxia,Liu, Kecheng,Yang, Ying,Chang, Tao
supporting information
p. 447 - 451
(2017/02/05)

A temperature-resolved assembly of a series of the largest scandium-containing polyoxotungstates
We report a temperature-resolved assembly of a series of novel nanoscale hexameric Sc-containing polyoxometalates of {Sb6Sc11W60}, {Sb8Sc7W60}, and {Sb8Sc6W60}. These compounds include the largest Sc-containing polyoxotungstates and contain the largest number of Sc3+ ions of any polyoxotungstates reported to date.
Cai, Zhen-Wen,Yang, Tao,Qi, Yan-Jie,Li, Xin-Xiong,Zheng, Shou-Tian
p. 6848 - 6852
(2017/07/10)

Nano-sized mesoporous sodium iron hydroxyphosphate supported gold: An effective catalyst for the oxidation of sulfides
New nano-sized mesoporous sodium iron hydroxyphosphate (SIHP, Na4.55Fe(PO4)2H0.45O), synthesized by a microemulsion-hydrothermal synthesis method, with supported gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) could be a very effective catalyst for the selective oxidation of sulfides. The results showed that the SIHP material was an excellent catalyst support due to its special structure and the interactions between the AuNPs and the surface hydroxyl groups.
Liu, Junhua,Liu, Gui,Liu, Cheng,Li, Wenxiu,Wang, Fang
p. 2055 - 2059
(2016/04/26)

A new oxovanadium(IV) complex containing an O,N-bidentate Schiff base ligand: Synthesis at ambient temperature, characterization, crystal structure and catalytic performance in selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfones using H2O2 under solvent-free conditions
A new bidentate ON Schiff base ligand, HL, was synthesized by simple condensation reaction of isopropylamine and salicylaldehyde. Then by reaction of HL and VO(acac)2 in the ratio of 2:1 at ambient temperature, a new oxovanadium(IV) Schiff base complex, VOL2, was synthesized. The Schiff base ligand and its oxovanadium(IV) complex were characterized by elemental analyses, FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and UV-visible spectroscopies. The crystal structure of oxovanadium(IV) complex, VOL2, was also determined by single crystal X-ray analysis. The vanadium center in this structure is coordinated to two bidentate Schiff base ligands with the two nitrogen and two phenolate oxygen atoms in equatorial positions and one oxo oxygen in the axial position to complete the distorted trigonal bipyramidal N2O3 coordination sphere. Catalytic performance of the VOL2 complex was studied in the selective oxidation of thioanisole with the green oxidant 35% aqueous H2O2 under solvent-free conditions and under organic solvents (EtOH, CHCl3, CH2Cl2, DMF, CH3CN, EtOAc) as a model. Due to better catalytic performance of the VOL2 complex under solvent-free conditions, this complex used for the oxidation of the different sulfides to the corresponding sulfones under solvent-free conditions. The use of hydrogen peroxide as oxidant and the absence of solvent makes these reactions interesting from environmental and economic points of view.
Menati, Saeid,Rudbari, Hadi Amiri,Khorshidifard, Mahsa,Jalilian, Fariba
p. 94 - 102
(2015/10/12)

A reusable catalytic system for sulfide oxidation and epoxidation of allylic alcohols in water catalyzed by poly(dimethyl diallyl) ammonium/polyoxometalate
An effective catalyst based on a polyoxometalate and a polymer has been developed for the oxidation of sulfides and allylic alcohols under mild conditions in water. The synthetic procedure to form the catalyst and the separation of the products are convenient, and the system is reusable.
Zhao, Wei,Yang, Chunxia,Cheng, Zhiguo,Zhang, Zhenghui
supporting information
p. 995 - 998
(2016/02/27)

Sulfocompound selective catalytic oxidation reaction system in aqueous phase
The invention provides a sulfocompound selective catalytic oxidation reaction system in an aqueous phase. A catalyst, a sulfocompound and 30% hydrogen peroxide are stirred for 1.5-2 hours under room temperature in the aqueous phase according to the molar ratio of the catalyst to the sulfocompound to the 30% hydrogen peroxide being 1 to 400 to 1200, wherein the conversion rate is greater than 97%, and the selectivity of the product namely sulphone is greater than 94%; the catalyst, the sulfocompound and the 30% hydrogen peroxide are stirred for 6 hours under the room temperature in the aqueous phase according to the molar ratio of the catalyst to the sulfocompound to the 30% hydrogen peroxide being 1 to 1666 to 1666, wherein the conversion rate is greater than 90%, and the selectivity of the product namely sulphoxide is greater than 80%. According to the reaction system disclosed by the invention, after the reaction is completed, extraction is performed with ethyl acetate, after an organic phase is separated, the catalyst dispersed in the aqueous phase can be directly used for the next catalytic reaction, and the catalytic activity, the conversion rate and the selectivity are all kept. The sulfocompound selective catalytic oxidation reaction system disclosed by the invention has the advantages that water is used as a solvent, the reaction condition is mild, the catalytic activity is high, the selectivity of products is good, the consumption of the catalyst is low, and the catalyst can be repeatedly used.
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Paragraph 0041; 0042; 0043; 0044

(2018/02/04)

Highly selective and efficient oxidation of sulfide to sulfoxide catalyzed by platinum porphyrins
Two platinum porphyrins, meso-tetramesitylporphyrinatoplatinum and meso-tetrakis(pentaflourophenyl) porphyrinatoplatinum, are explored for catalytic application in the selective oxidation of sulfide to sulfoxide by iodosylbenzene. The obtained overall turnover number of 90,000 in the oxidation of thioanisole in the presence of meso-tetrakis(pentaflourophenyl) porphyrinatoplatinum indicates the pronounced catalytic activity of the platinum porphyrins. Perfect selectivity toward sulfoxide or sulfone also was achieved via stoichiometric control of reactants.
Alemohammad, Tahereh,Rayati, Saeed,Safari, Nasser
p. 1279 - 1283
(2016/02/18)

Selective hydrogen peroxide oxidation of sulfides to sulfones with carboxylated multi-walled carbon nano tubes (MWCNTs-COOH) as heterogeneous and recyclable nanocatalysts under organic solvent-free conditions
This study deals with oxidation of sulfides to sulfones by using a heterogeneous and recyclable nanocatalyst. Alkyl and aryl sulfides were directly oxidized to the corresponding sulfones in excellent yields with 30% H2O2 under organic solvent-free conditions, in the presence of carboxylated multi-walled carbon nano tubes (MWCNTs-COOH) as the efficient and heterogeneous nanocatalyst. The oxidation of alkyl and aryl sulfides proceeded at room temperature, and the corresponding sulfones were selectively obtained. The catalyst is recyclable for at least 8 cycles, and the only byproduct is water.
Veisi, Hojat,Eshbala, Fereshteh Hosseini,Hemmati, Saba,Baghayeri, Mehdi
p. 10152 - 10158
(2015/02/05)

Selective oxidation of sulfurs and oxidation desulfurization of model oil by 12-tungstophosphoric acid on cobalt-ferrite nanoparticles as magnetically recoverable catalyst
Silica-coated CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were prepared and used as a support for the immobilization of 12-tungstophosphoric acid, to produce a new magnetically separable catalyst. This catalyst was characterized using X-ray diffraction, wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, laser particle size analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The catalyst showed high activity in the selective oxidation of thioethers and thiophenes to the corresponding sulfones under mild conditions. The catalytic activity of the nanocatalyst in the oxidative desulfurization of model oil was investigated. The effect of nitrogen-containing compounds on sulfur removal from the model oil was also evaluated. The catalyst showed high activity in the oxidative desulfurization of diesel. The catalyst can be readily isolated from the oxidation system using an external magnet and no obvious loss of activity was observed when the catalyst was reused in four consecutive runs.
Rafiee, Ezzat,Rahpeyma, Nasibeh
p. 1342 - 1349
(2015/09/01)

Oxidation of alkenes and sulfides catalyzed by a new binuclear molybdenum bis-oxazoline complex
A novel bis(oxazoline) ligand derived from 1,3-dicyanobenzene was prepared and applied as a ligand for the preparation of a new binuclear molybdenyl complex. This ligand was characterized by UV-Vis, mass, 1H NMR, and FT-IR spectroscopic methods, thermal and elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction. The molybdenum complex was prepared by the reaction of this ligand with MoO2(acac)2. The catalyst was also characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis, and ICP spectroscopy, elemental and thermal analysis. This catalytic system was efficiently used for the oxidation of alkenes and sulfides in the presence of TBHP. The effect of different solvents and kind of oxygen donor was also studied in the oxidation reactions.
Moshref Javadi, Maedeh,Moghadam, Majid,Mohammadpoor-Baltork, Iraj,Tangestaninejad, Shahram,Mirkhani, Valiollah,Kargar, Hadi,Tahir, Muhammad Nawaz
p. 19 - 26
(2014/03/21)

Metal-free chemoselective oxidation of sulfides by in situ generated Koser's reagent in aqueous media
Selective oxidation of sulfides was successfully performed by employing phenyliodine diacetate as an oxidant with the catalysis of TsOH in aqueous solution under mild conditions. Sulfoxides were formed with 1.1 equiv of PhI(OAc)2 at room temperature; whereas sulfones were obtained in the presence of 2.1 equiv of PhI(OAc)2 at 80 C under otherwise identical conditions. Notably, various sulfides were converted to corresponding sulfoxides or sulfones in good to high yields by this metal-free protocol.
Yu, Bing,Guo, Chun-Xiang,Zhong, Chun-Lai,Diao, Zhen-Feng,He, Liang-Nian
supporting information
p. 1818 - 1821
(2014/03/21)

Synergistic combination of multi-ZrIV cations and lacunary keggin germanotungstates leading to a gigantic Zr24-cluster- Substituted Polyoxometalate
Synergistic directing roles of six lacunary fragments resulted in an unprecedented Zr24-cluster substituted poly(polyoxotungstate) Na 10K22[Zr24O22(OH) 10(H2O)2(W2O10H) 2(GeW9O34)4(GeW8O 31)2]·85H2O (Na10K 22·1·85H2O), which contains the largest [Zr24O22(OH)10(H2O)2] (Zr24) cluster in all the Zr-based poly(polyoxometalate)s to date. The most remarkable feature is that the centrosymmetric Zr24-cluster- based hexamer contains two symmetry-related [Zr12O 11(OH)5(H2O)(W2O10H) (GeW9O34)2(GeW8O31)] 16- trimers via six μ3-oxo bridges and was simultaneously trapped by three types of different segments of B-α-GeW9O34, B-α-GeW8O 31, and W2O10. The other interesting characteristic is that there are two pairs of intriguing triangular atom alignments: one is composed of the Zr(2,4,6,8,11) and W21 atoms and the other contains the Ge(1-3), Zr(3,5,7,9,10,12) and W26 atoms, and the Zr5 atom is inside the triangle; a linking mode is unobserved. The oxygenation reactions of thioethers by H2O2 were evaluated when Na 10K22·1·85H2O served as a catalyst. Results show that it is an effective catalyst for oxygenation of thioethers by H2O2. The unique redox property of oxygen-enriched polyoxotungstate fragments and Lewis acidity of the Zr cluster imbedded in Na10K22·1·85H2O provide a sufficient driving force for the catalytic conversion from thioethers to sulfoxides/sulfones.
Huang, Ling,Wang, Sa-Sa,Zhao, Jun-Wei,Cheng, Lin,Yang, Guo-Yu
supporting information
p. 7637 - 7642
(2014/06/10)

Selective oxidation of sulfides and olefins by a manganese (III) complex containing an N,O-type bidentate oxazine ligand
A new manganese(III) complex [(N-O)2Mn(OAc)] was synthesized using 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5,6-dihydro-1,3-oxazine (N-O) as a bidentate O, N donor. The complex has been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV-vis spectroscopy, and X-ray structure analysis. Oxidation of sulfides and epoxidation of olefins, respectively, to their corresponding sulfoxides and epoxides were conducted by this catalyst using urea hydrogen peroxide as oxidant at room temperature under air. The catalyst is efficient in oxidation reactions giving high yields and selectivities.
Amini, Mojtaba,Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba,Moradi-Shoeili, Zeinab,Boghaei, Davar M.,Ellern, Arkady,Woo, L. Keith
p. 464 - 472
(2013/08/24)

Organic-inorganic polyoxometalate based salts as thermoregulated phase-separable catalysts for selective oxidation of thioethers and thiophenes and deep desulfurization of model fuels
Synthesis of various organic-inorganic polyoxometalate based salts composed of sulfonated pyridinum cations and the Keggin tungstophosphate anion (PW 12O403-) and their subsequent application in the oxidation of methyl phenyl sulfide with hydrogen peroxide in aqueous media was reported. Special attention was paid to the temperature-dependent solubility of the salts as a function of the organic cation in water. Cyclic voltammetry was further used for the investigation of the redox behavior of these catalysts. Based on these properties, a novel thermoregulated phase-separable catalyst was introduced and successfully used for the selective oxidation of thioethers and thiophenes to the corresponding sulfoxides or sulfones. Catalytic oxidation of the sulfur-containing model oil (methyl phenyl sulfide, dibenzothiophene and thiophene) was also studied under optimized conditions. In both cases, excellent conversion and selectivity were obtained in relatively short reaction times. This novel catalyst showed the characteristic of homogeneous reaction at ambient temperatures and phase-separation at lower temperatures. By simple decantation, the catalyst could be easily separated from the products upon cooling of the reaction mixture and could be reused several times with high recycling efficiency.
Rafiee, Ezzat,Eavani, Sara
p. 18 - 27
(2013/10/22)

Iron-catalyzed selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides with the polyethylene glycol/O2 system
Readily available iron compounds were found to be active catalysts for the selective oxidation of sulfide to sulfoxide with molecular oxygen as the oxidant in polyethylene glycol (PEG). As an indispensable component, PEG had a great promotive effect on the reaction. Notably, high conversion (>99%) along with excellent chemo-selectivity of up to 94% could be attained by using Fe(acac)2 as the catalyst at 100 °C. This methodology was proved to be applicable for the transformation of various aromatic and aliphatic sulfides into the corresponding sulfoxides with high selectivity. PEG is considered to play a crucial role in stablizing the Fe(IV)-oxo species formed in situ which is supposed to be responsible for the sulfide oxidation.
Li, Bin,Liu, An-Hua,He, Liang-Nian,Yang, Zhen-Zhen,Gao, Jian,Chen, Kai-Hong
experimental part
p. 130 - 135
(2012/03/26)

Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone-supported boron trifluoride (PVPP-BF3): Highly efficient catalyst for chemoselective oxygenation of sulfides to sulfones by H2O2
A highly efficient method for the oxidation of sulfides to sulfones using polyvinylpolypyrrolidone-supported boron trifluoride (PVPP-BF3) in the presence of (35%) hydrogen peroxide has been developed. This procedure cleanly oxidizes dialkyl and alkyl aryl sulfides to the corresponding sulfones in excellent yields at room temperature.
Mokhtary, Masoud,Lakouraj, Moslem Mansour,Niaki, Masoumeh Rastegar
experimental part
p. 321 - 326
(2012/03/27)

Sulfonated condensed polynuclear aromatic (S-COPNA)) resin catalyzed selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides or sulfones using hydrogen peroxide
Sulfonated condensed polynuclear aromatic (S-COPNA) resin was found to be a highly efficient, environmentally friendly, recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for the oxidation of alkyl and aryl sulfides to the corresponding sulfoxides or sulfones, in good yields under mild reaction conditions using 30% hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements for the following free supplemental resource: Synthesis of the S-COPNA resin catalyst. Spectroscopic data for compounds.
Shokrolahi, Arash,Zali, Abbas
experimental part
p. 454 - 460
(2012/04/17)

Catalyst-free approach for solvent-dependent selective oxidation of organic sulfides with oxone
Selective oxidation of sulfides was successfully performed by employing oxone (2KHSO5·KHSO4·K2SO 4) as oxidant without utilization of any catalyst/additive under mild reaction conditions. Notably, the reaction can be controlled by the chosen solvent. When ethanol was used as the solvent, sulfoxides were obtained in excellent yield; the reaction almost exclusively gave the sulfone in water. Furthermore, this protocol worked well for various sulfides to the corresponding sulfoxides in ethanol or sulfones in water.
Yu, Bing,Liu, An-Hua,He, Liang-Nian,Li, Bin,Diao, Zhen-Feng,Li, Yu-Nong
experimental part
p. 957 - 962
(2012/06/04)

Efficient oxidation of sulfides catalyzed by a temperature-responsive phase transfer catalyst [(C18H37)2(CH 3)2N]7 PW11O39 with hydrogen peroxide
A temperature-responsive phase transfer catalyst [(C18H 37)2(CH3)2N]7PW 11O39, could act as an efficient catalyst for selective oxidation of sulfides with 30% aqueous H2O2. Various kinds of sulfides were successfully oxidized to their corresponding sulfones with over 96% yields in a relatively short time and mild conditions. During reaction at 333 K, the catalyst dissolved completely and the oxidation was conducted homogeneously. Before and after reaction, the catalyst was insoluble with cooling, so it is easily recovered and reused. The catalyst was characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR and 31P NMR.
Xue, Xiaoling,Zhao, Wei,Ma, Baochun,Ding, Yong
p. 73 - 76
(2013/01/15)

Factors influencing the catalytic activity of β-tetrabrominated meso-tetra(para-tolyl)porphyrinatomanganese(III) for oxidation of sulfides and olefins with Oxone
Effect of different reaction parameters on the catalytic activity of β-tetrabrominated meso-tetra(para-tolyl)porphyrinatomanganese(III), MnT(4-CH3P)PBr4(OAc), for oxidation of different sulfides and hydrocarbons with tetra-n-butylammonium hydrogen monopersulfate (TBAHS) has been studied. In oxidation of sulfides, the chemoselectivity of reaction has been significantly changed in THF as the solvent compared with the common organic solvents. Also, using nitrogenous bases bearing electron-withdrawing groups (-Cl or -CN) clearly increased the ratio of sulfoxide to sulfone relative to the electron-donating ones. Catalytic oxidation of olefins with TBAHS was conducted in protic and aprotic solvents and acetonitrile has been found as the best solvent. A significantly large difference was found between the co-catalytic activity of imidazole (ImH) and pyridine in comparison with that observed in dichloromethane. The competitive oxidation of cis- and trans-stilbene suggests the presence of a high valent manganese oxo as well as a six coordinate (ImH)MnT(4-CH3P)PBr4(HSO5) species as the active oxidants in acetonitrile.
Rayati, Saeed,Zakavi, Saeed,Kalantari, Hossein
experimental part
p. 131 - 139
(2012/03/22)

Cyanuric chloride as promoter for the oxidation of sulfides and deoxygenation of sulfoxides
This Letter discusses the use of cyanuric chloride as an efficient promoter for the chemoselective oxidation of sulfides to the corresponding sulfones in the presence of H2O2 as the terminal oxidant. Sulfoxides were also found to undergo deoxygenation to sulfides with cyanuric chloride and potassium iodide system. The reaction is broad in scope and easy to perform.
Bahrami, Kiumars,Khodaei, Mohammad M.,Sohrabnezhad, Samira
p. 6420 - 6423
(2011/12/21)

Keggin heteropolycompounds as catalysts for liquid-phase oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides/sulfones by hydrogen peroxide
H4PMo11VO40, H5PMo 10V2O40 and H9PMo6V 6O40 acids and an acidic pyridinium salt of H 4PMo11VO40 were synthesized. They were characterized by FT-IR and the variations of their acid properties were determined by titration with n-butylamine. They proved to be highly active and selective catalysts for the hydrogen peroxide oxidation of methyl phenyl sulfide to the corresponding sulfoxide or sulfone. The conversion and selectivity results may be explained in terms of the co-existence of acidic and oxidative properties in the catalysts. On the other hand, a convenient catalytic homogeneous procedure has been found to oxidize different sulfides to sulfoxides or sulfones, with 35% aqueous H2O2, using (PyH)H 3PMo11VO40 as catalyst. The oxidation reaction is carried out at room temperature for sulfoxides or 40 °C for sulfones and requires a short time. The sulfoxides or sulfones were obtained with excellent yields by controlling the amount of H2O2.
Romanelli, Gustavo P.,Villabrille, Paula I.,Cáceres, Cármen V.,Vázquez, Patricia G.,Tundo, Pietro
p. 726 - 730
(2013/01/09)

Nitrogen donor-controlled chemoselectivity of reaction in oxidation of sulfides with tetra-n-butylammonium hydrogen monopersulfate catalyzed by a partially β-brominated meso-tetraphenylporphyrinatomanganese(III) acetate: A clue to the nature of active oxidant
Highly efficient and rapid oxidation of different sulfides to the corresponding sulfones with tetra-n- butylammonium hydrogen monopersulfate (TBAO) in the presence of catalytic amounts of Mn(TPPBr2)OAc at room temperature is reported. Contrary to other nitrogen donors, using 4-cyanopyridine as co-catalyst leads to an increase in the ratio of sulfoxide to sulfone in the products. Comparison of the chemoselectivity of reaction in the presence of different nitrogen donors as co-catalyst shows the involvement of a high-valent Mn-oxo species as well as the six-coordinate Mn(TPPBr2)(HSO5)(B) (B = nitrogen donors) complex in sulfide oxidation reactions with TBAO.
Rayati, Saeed,Zakavi, Saeed,Noroozi, Vahid
experimental part
p. 89 - 95
(2010/10/20)

Controlled oxidation of organic sulfides to sulfoxides under ambient conditions by a series of titanium isopropoxide complexes using environmentally benign H2O2 as an oxidant
Controlled oxidation of organic sulfides to sulfoxides under ambient conditions has been achieved by a series of titanium isopropoxide complexes that use environmentally benign H2O2 as a primary oxidant. Specifically, the [N,N′-bis(2-oxo-3-R1-5-R2- phenylmethyl)-N,N′-bis(methylene-R3)-ethylenediamine]Ti(O iPr)2 [R1 = t-Bu, R2 = Me, R 3 = C7H5O2 (1b); R1 = R2 = t-Bu, R3 = C7H5O2 (2b); R1 = R2 = Cl, R3 = C7H 5O2 (3b) and R1 = R2 = Cl, R 3 = C6H5 (4b)] complexes efficiently catalyzed the sulfoxidation reactions of organic sulfides to sulfoxides at room temperature within 30 min of the reaction time using aqueous H2O 2 as an oxidant. A mechanistic pathway, modeled using density functional theory for a representative thioanisole substrate catalyzed by 4b, suggested that the reaction proceeds via a titanium peroxo intermediate 4c′, which displays an activation barrier of 22.5 kcal mol-1 (ΔG?) for the overall catalytic cycle in undergoing an attack by the S atom of the thioanisole substrate at its σ*-orbital of the peroxo moiety. The formation of the titanium peroxo intermediate was experimentally corroborated by a mild ionization atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) mass spectrometric technique. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2010.
Panda, Manas K.,Shaikh, Mobin M.,Ghosh, Prasenjit
experimental part
p. 2428 - 2440
(2010/06/18)

Catalytic oxidation of organosulfides to sulfoxides using two novel Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes with aqueous H2O2: Effect of TMAO promoter on oxidation of organosulfides
Two new copper(II) and nickel(II) complexes [Cu(MeOH)(O-NO 2)(L)](NO3)·CH3OH (1) and [Ni(L) 2(NO3)2]·H2O (2) derived from the 4′-(2-thienyl)-2,2′,6′,2″-terpyridine (L) were synthesized. The ligand and complexes were characterized with elemental analysis, 1H and 13C NMR, IR spectroscopy and finally the solid structure of complexes were determined by X-ray crystallography. Complexes (1) and (2) were tested as homogenous catalysts for sulfoxidation of a variety of organosulfide substrates utilizing hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalytic amount of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). Addition of TMAO to the reaction mixture enhanced the conversion and selectivity.
Kharat, Ali Nemati,Bakhoda, Abolghasem,Hajiashrafi, Taraneh
scheme or table
p. 94 - 99
(2011/02/23)

Observed and calculated 1Hand 13C chemical shifts induced by the in situ oxidation ofmodel sulfides to sulfoxides and sulfones
A series of model sulfides was oxidized in the NMR sample tube to sulfoxides and sulfones by the stepwise addition of meta-chloroperbenzoic acid in deuterochloroform. Various methods of quantum chemical calculations have been tested to reproduce the observed 1H and 13C chemical shifts of the starting sulfides and their oxidation products. It has been shown that the determination of the energy-minimized conformation is a very important condition for obtaining realistic data in the subsequent calculation of the NMR chemical shifts. The correlation between calculated and observed chemical shifts is very good for carbon atoms (even for the 'cheap' DFT B3LYP/6-31G* method) and somewhat less satisfactory for hydrogen atoms. The calculated chemical shifts induced by oxidation (the δd values) agree even better with the experimental values and can also be used to determine the oxidation state of the sulfur atom (-S-, -SO-, -SO2 -). Copyright
Dracinsky, Martin,Pohl, Radek,Slavetinska, Lenka,Budesinsky, Milos
experimental part
p. 718 - 726
(2011/05/15)

A kinetic investigation, supported by theoretical calculations, of steric and ring strain effects on the oxidation of sulfides and sulfoxides by dimethyldioxirane in acetone
The oxidations of alkyl 4-nitrophenyl, and dialkyl, sulfides and sulfoxides by dimethyldioxirane in acetone occur by concerted mechanisms but the sulfides respond differently from the sulfoxides to variation in the alkyl group. The reactions of the sulfides are inhibited by the steric effects of alkyl groups and these predominate over their inductive effects. By contrast, the reactions of these limited sets of sulfoxides are insensitive to alkyl steric effects but there is an indication of steric acceleration when a broader set of sulfoxides is considered. This behaviour is rationalised in terms of the differences in dipolar charge and its solvation between the ground state and transition state for the two types of substrate. The oxidations of cyclic sulfides and sulfoxides also exhibit contrasting behaviour. The reactivity of the sulfides is insensitive to ring strain but is explicable in frontier orbital terms whereas that of the sulfoxides is partly dependent upon the change in ring strain between reactant and product on oxidation, a difference rationalised in terms of the relative positions of the transition states in the reaction coordinates of the two oxidations. The reactivity of 4-, 5- and 6-membered cyclic sulfoxides is also dependent on a ring-size related property of the transition state. Calculations at the B3-LYP/6-31G* level of density functional theory on both ground states and transition states, including simulation of solvation by acetone, strongly support the mechanistic conclusions reached in this and earlier work.
Hanson, Peter,Hendrickx, Ramon A. A. J.,Lindsay Smith, John R.
scheme or table
p. 65 - 84
(2011/01/07)

VO(acac)2-catalyzed oxidation of sulfoxides to sulfones using chlorine dioxide
The catalytic effect of VO(acac)2 in the oxidation of sulfoxides to sulfones with chlorine dioxide was found.
Sudarikov, Denis V.,Rubtsova, Svetlana A.,Kutchin, Aleksandr V.
p. 225 - 226
(2008/12/22)

Fast and efficient oxidation of sulfides to sulfones with N,N′-dibenzyl-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl diammonium permanganate
Selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfones was developed using N,N′-dibenzyl-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylene diammonium permanganate. A variety of aromatic and aliphatic sulfides were oxidized to the corresponding sulfones immediately in excellent yields at r.t. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Lakouraj,Tajbakhsh,Tashakkorian,Ghodrati
p. 485 - 490
(2007/10/03)

Oxygen activation on metallic centers and oxidizing abilities of such oxygen
It was shown that metallcontaining peroxides such as XOOOBu-t [X = (t-BuO)2Al, (t-BuO)3Ti] generate molecular oxygen in the electron-excited singlet state (1O2). These ozonides and η2-peroxocomplex Ph3Bi(η2O2) demonstrate high oxidative activity towards some classes of organic substances under mild conditions (20 °C).
Zaburdaeva, Elena A.,Dodonov, Viktor A.,Stepovik, Larisa P.
p. 1265 - 1268
(2008/02/04)

Green oxidations. Manganese(II) sulfate aided oxidations of organic compounds by potassium permanganate
The oxidation of arenes and sulfides by potassium permanganate was accomplished in good yields under solvent free and heterogeneous conditions when manganese(II) sulfate is used as a solid support. After extraction of the organic products, the inorganic products can be reoxidized to permanganate. This result is important because it provides an approach to oxidation reactions that is, in theory, infinitely sustainable. Springer-Verlag 2007.
Shaabani, Ahmad,Rahmati, Abbas,Sharifi, Masoumeh,Rad, Jafar Mogimi,Aghaaliakbari, Behnaz,Farhangi, Elham,Lee, Donald G.
p. 649 - 651
(2008/02/07)

N-methylpyrolidin-2-one hydrotribromide (MPHT) as a new and efficient reagent for the oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides and sulfones
The stable and crystalline N-methylpyrolidin-2-one hydrotribromide (MPHT) effects oxidation of various sulfides to sulfoxides and sulfones. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Joseph, Jomy K.,Jain, Suman L.,Sain, Bir
p. 2743 - 2747
(2007/10/03)

Selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides and sulfones using n-butyltriphenylphosphonium dichromate (BunPPh3) 2Cr2O7 in the presence of aluminium chloride in solution and under microwave irradiation
A wide variety of sulfides are efficiently oxidized to their corresponding sulfoxides and sulfones in excellent yields using n-butyltriphenylphosphonium dichromate (BTPPDC) in the presence of aluminium chloride in acetonitrile solution and under microwave irradiation. In addition, selective oxidation of sulfides in the presence of functional groups such as a carbon-carbon double bond, ketone, oxime, aldehyde, ether, and acetal can be considered as a noteworthy advantage of this method. Copyright Taylor & Francis Inc.
Mohammadpoor-Baltork, Iraj,Memarian, Hamid Reza,Bahrami, Kiumars,Esmayilpour, Karim
p. 2751 - 2766
(2007/10/03)

3-Carboxypyridinium chlorochromate - aluminium chloride - An efficient and inexpensive reagent system for the selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides and sulfones in solution and under microwave irradiation
3-Carboxypyridinium chlorochromate (CPCC) in the presence of aluminium chloride is a very efficient reagent for the selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxide and sulfones in solution and under microwave irradiation. It is noteworthy that different functional groups including carbon-carbon double bonds, ketones, oximes, aldehydes, ethers, and acetals were tolerated under these reaction conditions.
Mohammadpoor-Baltork, Iraj,Memarian, Hamid R.,Bahrami, Kiumars
p. 115 - 121
(2007/10/03)

Soft liquid-phase oxidation sulfides with the systems on the base of the element-containing alkoxides and tert-butylhydroperoxide
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Zaburdaeva, Elena A.,Dodonov, Viktor A.,Stepovik, Larisa P.,Kapuskina, Irina A.
p. 1521 - 1522
(2007/10/03)