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T:Toxic;7782-50-5Relevant articles and documents
Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of 3,6-dioxa-1,8-octanedithiol and dl-dithiothreitol by a platinum(IV) complex
Lu, Yuyan,Hou, Xiaonan,Zhao, Xiaowei,Liu, Mengyu,Shen, Fugang,Ren, Yuanyuan,Liu, Yunxiao,Huo, Shuying,Shen, Shigang
, p. 45 - 55 (2016)
A Pt(IV) complex [PtCl2(en)(heda)]Cl2 (heda = N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-ethylenediamine) has been synthesized and characterized by ESI-MS, 1H NMR, elemental analysis, and X-ray crystal structure analysis. Oxidations of dithiol compounds 3,6-dioxa-1,8-octanedithiol (DODT) and dl-dithiothreitol (DTT) by this complex were studied. The oxidation products were characterized as ten- and six-membered ring compounds for DODT and DTT, respectively, both containing an intramolecular disulfide bond. The kinetics of the oxidation reactions was followed by stopped-flow spectrophotometry over a wide pH range. The oxidations display an overall second-order character, being first-order each in [Pt(IV)] and in [dithiol]. A mechanism involving three parallel rate-determining steps is proposed, and the rate constants of the rate-determining steps have been evaluated.
Determination of chlorine in atmosphere by kinetic spectrophotometry
Meng, Jian-Xin,Wang, Xiao-Bo,Ruan, Ge-Lan,Li, Guo-Qiang,Deng, Zhao-Xia
, p. 823 - 827 (2005)
A kinetic method for determination of chlorine in air was described in the present work. The method based on fading of methyl orange (MO) containing solution in air absorption process. A determination limit of 2.64 μg L -1 was found. With the present method, chlorine concentration could be determined in several minutes with convenient manipulation. As concentration variation of methyl orange in the absorption solution did not affect the experimental results, fabrication and preservation of the stock absorption is also convenient. The present method is promising in monitoring chlorine concentration in atmosphere.
Kinetic study of the chlorine electrode reaction on Ti/RuO2 through the polarisation resistance: Part III: Proposal of a reaction mechanism
Fernández,Gennero de Chialvo,Chialvo
, p. 1145 - 1152 (2002)
A kinetic mechanism for the chlorine electrode reaction (ClER) on Ti/RuO2 electrodes is proposed. The first step is the oxidation of the superficial sites, where the chloride ion is electroadsorbed giving the atomic chlorine intermediate. The later discharge of chlorine can take place either by recombination of two adsorbed intermediates or by the reaction between the intermediate and the chloride ion, being both chemical steps. The expression of the intrinsic polarisation resistance Rpo as a function of the activity of chloride aCl-o' and the partial pressure of chlorine p?Cl2 was obtained from the resolution of the kinetic mechanism and it was compared with experimental data. The correlations of the independent experimental relationships Rpo versus aCl-o' and Rpo versus p?Cl2 were remarkably good, giving strong evidence that the ClER takes place through the proposed mechanism on the RuO2 electrodes. The kinetic constants obtained from the correlations were used for the simulation of the dependences of the current density and the surface coverages on overpotential.
Oxygen electrode reaction in a LiCl-KCl eutectic melt
Kado, Yuya,Goto, Takuya,Hagiwara, Rika
, p. E167-E170 (2009)
Oxygen electrode reaction was investigated on a boron-doped diamond electrode in a LiCl-KCl eutectic melt. The standard formal potential of O 2O2- decreases with the elevation of temperature. The potential at 773 K is 2.424±0.003 V v
Gas-phase reactions of ClONO2 with Cl-(D2O)n = 0-3 and NO2-
Wincel,Mereand,Castleman Jr.
, p. 8248 - 8254 (1997)
The reactions of ClONO2 with the Cl-(D2O)n≤3 and NO2- ions were studied in a flow-tube apparatus at several temperatures in the range 170-298 K and at a helium buffer gas pressure of 0.28 Torr. Rate constants for these reactions were determined, establishing that all these ions react quite efficiently with ClONO2. The product ions observed in reaction sequences are reported, and reaction mechanisms are proposed to account for the findings. In the case of Cl- and NO2- the main product ion is NO3-, while the hydrates Cl-(D2O)n≤1-3 lead to production of the hydrated species, NO3-(D2O)m≤n-1. The main features of the observed secondary reactions can be described in terms of adduct formation and ligand switching. Limits on the bond energy of (NO3ClNO3)-, 14.6 kcal/mol≤D(NO3--ClONO2)≤26 kcal/mol, were determined. Finally, implications of these studies to atmospheric chemistry are discussed.
Mass transfer under bubble-induced convection in a vertical electrochemical cell
Shah,Jorne
, p. 144 - 153 (1989)
Mass transfer under bubble-induced convection has been experimentally measured in a vertical cell. The cell consisted of two parallel vertical electrodes, upon one of which chlorine gas evolved and the other where the mass-transfer-controlled reduction of
Potentialities of low-temperature chlorination of aluminum and its alloys with uranium
Lebedev,Sal'nikov,Tsvetov,Bychkov,Savochkin,Kormilitsyn
, p. 1904 - 1908 (2008)
Potentialities of low-temperature (300-500°C) chlorination to remove the aluminum cladding of fuel elements and separate uranium and aluminum were studied.
The hexakis(fluorosulfato)stannate(IV) ion
Yeats,Sams,Aubke
, p. 328 - 331 (1973)
Two synthetic routes to compounds containing the novel hexakis(fluorosulfato)stannate(IV) ion are discussed: Sn(SO3F)4 + 2ClO2SO3F → (ClO2)2[Sn(SO3F)6] and M2/su
The oxidation of zinc and barium chlorides with oxygen to obtain chlorine and finely dispersed zinc oxide
Chekryshkin,Chudinov,Rozdyalovskaya,Fedorov
, p. 1461 - 1465 (2010)
The regular features of the reaction of calcium, barium, and zinc chlorides with oxygen to form molecular chlorine and corresponding metal oxides are studied. The rate constants of the reaction were determined. The effective activation energies of oxidation of chloride ions were calculated with due to regard for the diffusion at the gas-chloride melt interface, which is especially pronounced at a temperature above 550°C. Zinc oxide being formed was separated from the reaction mixture, and the dispersion of its particles was determined. Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2010.
Crystal growth and crystal structures of six novel phases in the Mn/As/O/Cl(Br) system, as well as magnetic properties of α-Mn3(AsO4)2
Weil, Matthias,Kremer, Reinhard K.
, p. 115 - 126 (2017)
Chemical vapour transport reactions (900 °C → 820 °C, Cl2 or Br2 as transport agent) of in situ formed Mn3(AsO4)2 yielded the orthoarsenates(V) α-Mn3(AsO4)2 and β-Mn3(AsO4)2 as well as the oxoarsenate(V) halide compounds Mn7(AsO4)4Cl2, Mn11(AsO4)7Cl, Mn11(AsO4)7Br and Mn5(AsO4)3Cl. The crystal structures of all six phases were determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction data. The crystal structures of α-and β-Mn3(AsO4)2 are isotypic with the corresponding phosphate phases γ- and α-Mn3(PO4)2, respectively, and are reported here for the first time. A comparative discussion with other structures of general composition M3(AsO4)2 (М = Mg; divalent first-row transition metal) is given. The unique crystal structures of Mn7(AsO4)4Cl2 and that of the two isotypic Mn11(AsO4)7X (X = Cl, Br) structures are composed of two [MnO5] polyhedra, two [MnO4Cl2] polyhedra (one with site symmetry 1ˉ), two AsO4 tetrahedra, and one [MnO5] polyhedron, three [MnO6] octahedra (one with site symmetry.m.), one [MnO4X], one [MnO5X] polyhedron and four AsO4 tetrahedra, respectively. The various polyhedra of the three arsenate(V) halides are condensed into three-dimensional framework structures by corner- and edge-sharing. Mn5(AsO4)3Cl adopts the chloroapatite structure. The magnetic and thermal properties of pure polycrystalline samples of a-Mn3(AsO4)2 were investigated in more detail. The magnetic susceptibility proves all Mn atoms to be in the oxidation state +2 yielding an effective magnetic moment per Mn atom of 5.9 μB. Long-range antiferromagnetic ordering is observed below 8.2 K consistent with the negative Curie-Weiss temperature of ?50 K derived from the high temperature susceptibility data.