- Zirconium-hydride-catalyzed site-selective hydroboration of amides for the synthesis of amines: Mechanism, scope, and application
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Developing mild and efficient catalytic methods for the selective synthesis of amines is a longstanding research objective. In this respect, catalytic deoxygenative amide reduction has proven to be promising but challenging, as this approach necessitates selective C–O bond cleavage. Herein, we report the selective hydroboration of primary, secondary, and tertiary amides at room temperature catalyzed by an earth-abundant-metal catalyst, Zr-H, for accessing diverse amines. Various readily reducible functional groups, such as esters, alkynes, and alkenes, were well tolerated. Furthermore, the methodology was extended to the synthesis of bio- and drug-derived amines. Detailed mechanistic studies revealed a reaction pathway entailing aldehyde and amido complex formation via an unusual C–N bond cleavage-reformation process, followed by C–O bond cleavage.
- Han, Bo,Jiao, Haijun,Wu, Lipeng,Zhang, Jiong
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p. 2059 - 2067
(2021/09/02)
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- A State-of-the-Art Heterogeneous Catalyst for Efficient and General Nitrile Hydrogenation
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Cobalt-doped hybrid materials consisting of metal oxides and carbon derived from chitin were prepared, characterized and tested for industrially relevant nitrile hydrogenations. The optimal catalyst supported onto MgO showed, after pyrolysis at 700 °C, magnesium oxide nanocubes decorated with carbon-enveloped Co nanoparticles. This special structure allows for the selective hydrogenation of diverse and demanding nitriles to the corresponding primary amines under mild conditions (e.g. 70 °C, 20 bar H2). The advantage of this novel catalytic material is showcased for industrially important substrates, including adipodinitrile, picolinonitrile, and fatty acid nitriles. Notably, the developed system outperformed all other tested commercial catalysts, for example, Raney Nickel and even noble-metal-based systems in these transformations.
- Formenti, Dario,Mocci, Rita,Atia, Hanan,Dastgir, Sarim,Anwar, Muhammad,Bachmann, Stephan,Scalone, Michelangelo,Junge, Kathrin,Beller, Matthias
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supporting information
p. 15589 - 15595
(2020/10/02)
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- Hydrogenation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Nitriles Using a Defined Ruthenium PNP Pincer Catalyst
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Selective catalytic reductions of nitriles are presented using the commercially available Ru-Macho-BH complex. A variety of aliphatic, aromatic and (hetero)cyclic nitriles including industrially important adipodinitrile are hydrogenated to the corresponding primary amines. Modelling suggests the reaction follows an outer sphere hydrogenation mechanism. An efficient and selective catalytic reduction of nitriles is presented using the commercially available Ru-Macho-BH complex. A variety of aliphatic, aromatic and (hetero)cyclic nitriles including the industrially important adipodinitrile are hydrogenated to the corresponding primary amines. The reaction follows an outer-sphere mechanism.
- Neumann, Jacob,Bornschein, Christoph,Jiao, Haijun,Junge, Kathrin,Beller, Matthias
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supporting information
p. 5944 - 5948
(2015/09/22)
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- Tricyclic Compounds As mPGES-1 Inhibitors
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The present invention relates to tricyclic compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as mPGES-1 inhibitors. These compounds are inhibitors of the microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) enzyme and are therefore useful in the treatment of pain and/or inflammation from a variety of diseases or conditions, such as asthma, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, acute or chronic pain and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Page/Page column 27
(2012/05/07)
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- PURINE DERIVATIVES AS IMMUNOMODULATORS
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The present invention includes novel compounds useful in the treatment of various disorders in particular infectious diseases, cancer, and allergic diseases and other inflammatory conditions for example allergic rhinitis and asthma, and as vaccine adjuvants
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Page/Page column 105
(2008/12/08)
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- Discovery of imidazolidine-2,4-dione-linked HIV protease inhibitors with activity against lopinavir-resistant mutant HIV
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A new series of HIV protease inhibitors has been designed and synthesized based on the combination of the (R)-(hydroxyethylamino)sulfonamide isostere and the cyclic urea component of lopinavir. The series was optimized by replacing the 6-membered cyclic urea linker with an imidazolidine-2,4-dione which readily underwent N-alkylation to incorporate various methylene-linked heterocycle groups that bind favorably in site 3 of HIV protease. Significant improvements compared to lopinavir were seen in cell culture activity versus wild-type virus (pNL4-3) and the lopinavir-resistant mutant virus A17 (generated by in vitro serial passage of HIV-1 (pNL4-3) in MT-4 cells). Select imidazolidine-2,4-dione containing PIs were also more effective at inhibiting highly resistant patient isolates Pt1 and Pt2 than lopinavir. Pharmacokinetic data collected for compounds in this series varied considerably when coadministered orally in the rat with an equal amount of ritonavir (5 mg/kg each). The AUC values ranged from 0.144 to 12.33 μg h/mL.
- Flosi, William J.,DeGoey, David A.,Grampovnik, David J.,Chen, Hui-ju,Klein, Larry L.,Dekhtyar, Tatyana,Masse, Sherie,Marsh, Kennan C.,Mo, Hong Mei,Kempf, Dale
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p. 6695 - 6712
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of N-1-alkylated 6-benzyluracil-5-carboxylic esters as potential non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
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A series of N-1-alkylated 6-benzyluracil-5-carboxylic esters 4a-h were synthesized by reacting imines of 3-oxo-4-phenylbutyrates with N-(chlorocarbonyl) isocyanate. An N-1-(4-methoxybenzyl) group could be removed in a dealkylation reaction to give the ethyl and allyl esters 5a and 5b, respectively. They were N-1-alkylated with chloromethyl ethyl ether or dialloxymethane. Unfortunately no biological activity against HIV-1 and HSV was observed for any of the synthesized compounds.
- Larsen, Janus S.,Pedersen, Erik B.,Nielsen, Claus
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p. 1874 - 1878
(2007/10/03)
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- Sulfonamide inhibitors of aspartyl protease
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The present invention relates to a novel class of sulfonamides which are aspartyl protease inhibitors. In one embodiment, this invention relates to a novel class of HIV aspartyl protease inhibitors characterized by specific structural and physicochemical features. This invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds. The compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of this invention are particularly well suited for inhibiting HIV-1 and HIV-2 protease activity and consequently, may be advantageously used as anti-viral agents against the HIV-1 and HIV-2 viruses. This invention also relates to methods for inhibiting the activity of HIV aspartyl protease using the compounds of this invention and methods for screening compounds for anti-HIV activity.
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- THF-CONTAINING SULFONAMIDE INHIBITORS OF ASPARTYL PROTEASE
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The present invention relates to a class of THF-containing sulfonamides which are aspartyl protease inhibitors. This invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds. The compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of this invention are particularly well suited for inhibiting HIV-1 and HIV-2 protease activity and consequently, may be advantageously used as anti-viral agents against the HIV-1 and HIV-2 viruses. This invention also relates to methods for inhibiting the activity of HIV aspartyl protease using the compounds of this invention.
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- SULFONAMIDE INHIBITORS OF ASPARTYL PROTEASE
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The present invention relates to a novel class of sulfonamides which are aspartyl protease inhibitors. In one embodiment, this invention relates to a novel class of HIV aspartyl protease inhibitors characterized by specific structural and physicochemical features. This invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds. The compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of this invention are particularly well suited for inhibiting HIV-1 and HIV-2 protease activity and consequently, may be advantageously used as anti-viral agents against the HIV-1 and HIV-2 viruses. This invention also relates to methods for inhibiting the activity of HIV aspartyl protease using the compounds of this invention and methods for screening compounds for anti-HIV activity.
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- 6-(alkylamino)-9-alkylpurines. A new class of potential antipsychotic agents
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A series of 6-(alkylamino)-9-alkylpurines was synthesized and evaluated for the property of antagonizing the behavioral effects in animals of the dopamine agonist apomorphine. This model for identifying potential antipsychotic agents is based on the hypothesis that agents that antagonize apomorphine-induced aggressive behavior in rats and apomorphine-induced climbing in mice, but that do not block stereotyped behavior, could have an antipsychotic effect in humans without producing extrapyramidal side effects. The antiaggressive-behavior activity of lead compound 1 (6-(dimethylamino)- 9-(3-phenylalaninamidobenzyl)-9H-purine) was improved 48-fold with 6- (cyclopropylamino)-9-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-9H-purine (80) (po ED50 of 2 mg/kg), which was obtained through an iterative sequence of structure-activity relationship studies that encompassed evaluation of the effects of structure variations at the purine 9-, 6-, and 2-positions. Potency was enhanced with a 9-cyclopropyl group, the duration of action was improved with the 6-(cyclopropylamino) substituent, potency was further enhanced with an N-formyl prodrug, and an agent with reduced cardiovascular effect emerged with the 2-trifluoromethyl purine 80. This potential antipsychotic agent was not developed further due to undesirable effects on the stomach.
- Kelley, James L.,Morris Bullock,Krochmal, Mark P.,McLean, Ed W.,Linn, James A.,Durcan, Micheal J.,Cooper, Barrett R.
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p. 3207 - 3216
(2007/10/03)
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- Selective thrombin inhibitors
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The present invention relates to a novel selective thrombin inhibitor having the following formula (I), which is also effective by oral administration: in which R1represents acetyl substituted with aryl or aryloxy, or represents sulfonyl substituted with substituted or unsubstituted aryl or N-containing heterocyclic group, Xrepresents a group of formula R2and R3independently of one another represent hydrogen; cycloalkyl substituted or unsubstituted with carboxyl or alkoxycarbonyl; arylalkyloxy; hydroxy; or lower alkyl substi tuted or unsubstituted with carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl or hydroxy, or R2and R3together with nitrogen atom to which they are attached can form a piperidine group substituted with carboxyl or alkoxycarbonyl, R4represents hydrogen, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy, R5represents alkanesulfonyl; alkoxycarbonyl; alkylcarbonyl; formyl; lower alkyl; aryl substituted or unsubstituted with alkoxy or haloalkyl; or hydroxy-substituted lower alkyl,and R6and R7independently of one another represent hydrogen, lower alkyl or amino, and to a process for preparation thereof and a pharmaceutical composition for thrombin inhibition which comprises the compound of formula (I) as an active ingredient.
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- SULFONAMIDE INHIBITORS OF ASPARTYL PROTEASE
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The present invention relates to a novel class of sulfonamides which are aspartyl protease inhibitors. In one embodiment, this invention relates to a novel class of HIV aspartyl protease inhibitors characterized by specific structural and physicochemical features. This invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds. The compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of this invention are particularly well suited for inhibiting HIV-1 and HIV-2 protease activity and consequently, may be advantageously used as anti-viral agents against the HIV-1 and HIV-2 viruses. This invention also relates to methods for inhibiting the activity of HIV aspartyl protease using the compounds of this invention and methods for screening compounds for anti-HIV activity.
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- Aliphatic carboxamides
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This invention provides a series of novel heterocyclic aliphatic carboxamides of formula I in which the group >Z--Y--XC=CH--NN--CH=CC=N--NN--N=C and the other radicals have the meanings defined in the following specification. The compounds of formula I are leukotriene antagonists. The invention also provides pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the formula I compounds; pharmaceutical compositions containing the formula I compound, or their salts, for use in the treatment of, for example, allergic or inflammatory diseases, or endotoxic or traumatic shock conditions; and processes for the manufacture of the formula I compounds, as well as intermediates for use in such manufacture.
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- Indole and indazole keto sulphones as leukotriene antagonists
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This invention provides a series of novel keto sulfones of formula I STR1 in which the group =A-- is selected from =C(Ra)-- and =N-- and the other radicals have the meanings defined in the following specification. The compounds of formula I are leukotriene antagonists. The invention also provides pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the formula I compounds; pharmaceutical compositions containing the formula I compound, or their salts, for use in the treatment of, for example, allergic or inflammatory diseases, or endotoxic or traumatic shock conditions; and processes for the manufacture of the formula I compounds, as well as intermediates for use in such manufacture.
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