- 2-Arylamino-6-ethynylpurines are cysteine-targeting irreversible inhibitors of Nek2 kinase
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Renewed interest in covalent inhibitors of enzymes implicated in disease states has afforded several agents targeted at protein kinases of relevance to cancers. We now report the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 6-ethynylpurines that act as covalent inhibitors of Nek2 by capturing a cysteine residue (Cys22) close to the catalytic domain of this protein kinase. Examination of the crystal structure of the non-covalent inhibitor 3-((6-cyclohexylmethoxy-7H-purin-2-yl)amino)benzamide in complex with Nek2 indicated that replacing the alkoxy with an ethynyl group places the terminus of the alkyne close to Cys22 and in a position compatible with the stereoelectronic requirements of a Michael addition. A series of 6-ethynylpurines was prepared and a structure activity relationship (SAR) established for inhibition of Nek2. 6-Ethynyl-N-phenyl-7H-purin-2-amine [IC50 0.15 μM (Nek2)] and 4-((6-ethynyl-7H-purin-2-yl)amino)benzenesulfonamide (IC50 0.14 μM) were selected for determination of the mode of inhibition of Nek2, which was shown to be time-dependent, not reversed by addition of ATP and negated by site directed mutagenesis of Cys22 to alanine. Replacement of the ethynyl group by ethyl or cyano abrogated activity. Variation of substituents on the N-phenyl moiety for 6-ethynylpurines gave further SAR data for Nek2 inhibition. The data showed little correlation of activity with the nature of the substituent, indicating that after sufficient initial competitive binding to Nek2 subsequent covalent modification of Cys22 occurs in all cases. A typical activity profile was that for 2-(3-((6-ethynyl-9H-purin-2-yl)amino)phenyl)acetamide [IC50 0.06 μM (Nek2); GI50 (SKBR3) 2.2 μM] which exhibited >5-10-fold selectivity for Nek2 over other kinases; it also showed > 50% growth inhibition at 10 μM concentration against selected breast and leukaemia cell lines. X-ray crystallographic analysis confirmed that binding of the compound to the Nek2 ATP-binding site resulted in covalent modification of Cys22. Further studies confirmed that 2-(3-((6-ethynyl-9H-purin-2-yl)amino)phenyl)acetamide has the attributes of a drug-like compound with good aqueous solubility, no inhibition of hERG at 25 μM and a good stability profile in human liver microsomes. It is concluded that 6-ethynylpurines are promising agents for cancer treatment by virtue of their selective inhibition of Nek2. This journal is
- Bayliss, Richard,Boxall, Kathy,Carbain, Benoit,Coxon, Christopher R.,Fry, Andrew M.,Golding, Bernard T.,Griffin, Roger J.,Hardcastle, Ian R.,Harnor, Suzannah J.,Mas-Droux, Corine,Matheson, Christopher J.,Newell, David R.,Richards, Mark W.,Sivaprakasam, Mangaleswaran,Turner, David,Cano, Céline
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supporting information
p. 707 - 731
(2020/08/24)
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- Benzamide derivatives as protein kinase inhibitors
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The present invention relates to a benzamide compound having protein kinase inhibitory activity, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutical composition for preventing and treating diseases caused by abnormal cell growth containing th
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-
Paragraph 0132; 0143-0145
(2020/09/16)
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- Enhanced catalytic activity of natural hematite-supported ppm levels of Pd in nitroarenes reduction
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In this work, Pd NPs supported on amine-modified natural hematite have been prepared and characterized. Using this simple catalyst, nitroaromatic compounds as a major cause of industrial pollution were reduced to corresponding amines with ppm levels of Pd in the presence of designer surfactant TPGS-750-M and NaBH4 at room temperature in aqueous media. Synergistic effect between hematite and Pd is responsible for the observed enhanced catalytic activity. This catalyst was recycled for at least four times with a small decrease in the activity.
- Gholinejad, Mohammad,Shojafar, Mohammad,Sansano, José M.
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p. 2033 - 2043
(2020/04/07)
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- CDK INHIBITORS
-
Provided is a compound represented by structural formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a stereoisomer thereof useful for treating cancer.
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Page/Page column 87-89
(2020/11/23)
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- COMPOUNDS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR TREATING CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH NLRP ACTIVITY
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In one aspect, compounds of Formula AA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, are featured.The variables shown in Formula AA are as defined in the claims. The compounds of formula AA are NLRP3 activity modulators and, as such, can be used in the treatment of metabolic disorders (e.g. Type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, obesity or gout), a disease of the central nervous system (e.g. Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis or Parkinson's disease), lung disease (e.g. asthma, COPD or pulmonary idiopathic fibrosis), liver disease (e.g. NASH syndrome, viral hepatitis or cirrhosis), pancreatic disease (e.g. acute pancreatitis or chronic pancreatitis), kidney disease (e.g. acute kidney injury or chronic kidney injury), intestinal disease (e.g. Crohn's disease or Ulcerative Colitis), skin disease (e.g. psoriasis), musculoskeletal disease (e.g. scleroderma), a vessel disorder (e.g. giant cell arteritis), a disorder of the bones (e.g. osteoarthritis, osteoporosis or osteopetrosis disorders), eye disease (e.g. glaucoma or macular degeneration), a disease caused by viral infection (e.g. HIV or AIDS), an autoimmune disease (e.g. Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus or Autoimmune Thyroiditis), cancer or aging.
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Page/Page column 441-442
(2019/02/13)
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- COMPOUNDS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR TREATING CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH NLRP ACTIVITY
-
In one aspect, compounds of Formula AA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, are featured. The variables shown in Formula AA are as defined in the claims. The compounds of formula AA are NLRP3 activity modulators and, as such, can be used in the treatment of metabolic disorders (e.g. Type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, obesity or gout), a disease of the central nervous system (e.g. Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis or Parkinson's disease), lung disease (e.g. asthma, COPD or pulmonary idiopathic fibrosis), liver disease (e.g. NASH syndrome, viral hepatitis or cirrhosis), pancreatic disease (e.g. acute pancreatitis or chronic pancreatitis), kidney disease (e.g. acute kidney injury or chronic kidney injury), intestinal disease (e.g. Crohn's disease or Ulcerative Colitis), skin disease (e.g. psoriasis), musculoskeletal disease (e.g. scleroderma), a vessel disorder (e.g. giant cell arteritis), a disorder of the bones (e.g. osteoarthritis, osteoporosis or osteopetrosis disorders), eye disease (e.g. glaucoma or macular degeneration), a disease caused by viral infection (e.g. HIV or AIDS), an autoimmune disease (e.g. Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus or Autoimmune Thyroiditis), cancer or aging.
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Page/Page column 390; 391
(2019/02/13)
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- SULPHONAMIDES AND COMPOSITIONS THEREOF FOR TREATING CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH NLRP ACTIVITY
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In one aspect, compounds of Formula AA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, are featured: wherein the variables shown in Formula AA can be as defined anywhere herein. Compounds AA are modulators of NLRP1 and/or NLRP3
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Page/Page column 471; 472
(2019/05/10)
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- Pyrrolopyrimidine compound, pharmaceutical composition containing thereof, and preparation method and applications
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The invention relates to a pyrrolopyrimidine compound represented by formula I, a pharmaceutical composition containing thereof, and a preparation method and applications in preventing or treating Weel protein kinase related diseases.
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-
Paragraph 0295-0296; 0300-0302
(2019/11/29)
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- Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 2-phenyl pyrimidine derivatives as potent Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors
-
BTK is an effective target for the treatment of B-cell malignant tumors and autoimmune diseases. In this work, a series of 2-phenyl pyrimidine derivatives were prepared and their preliminary in vitro activities on B-cell leukemia cells as well as the BTK enzyme were determined. The results showed that compound 11g displayed the best inhibitory activity on BTK with an inhibition rate of 82.76% at 100 nM and excellent anti-proliferation activity on three B-cell leukemia lines (IC50 = 3.66 μM, 6.98 μM, and 5.39 μM against HL60, Raji and Ramos, respectively). Besides, the flow cytometry analysis results indicated that 11g inhibited the proliferation of the Raji cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and blocked the Ramos cells at the G0/G1 phase, which is in accordance with the positive control ibrutinib. The mechanism investigation demonstrated that 11g could inhibit the phosphorylation of BTK and its downstream substrate phospholipase γ2 (PLCγ2). All these results showed that 11g was a promising lead compound that merited further optimization as a novel class of BTK inhibitor for the treatment of B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia.
- Li, Xinyu,Shi, Binyu,Teng, Yu,Cheng, Yu,Yang, Huizhu,Li, Jiurong,Wang, Lianjian,He, Siying,You, Qidong,Xiang, Hua
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supporting information
p. 294 - 299
(2019/03/02)
-
- 2-phenylpyrimidine compounds, preparation method and medical application
-
The invention belongs to the field of medicines and particularly relates to 2-phenylpyrimidine compounds and pharmacologically-acceptable salts thereof and an isotope marker. The invention also discloses a pharmaceutical composition containing the substances and application of the pharmaceutical composition for treating diseases related with protein kinase activity, such as cancer and inflammation. (The formula is shown in the description).
- -
-
Paragraph 0097; 0098; 0099
(2018/06/15)
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- Synthesis and antitumor activity of novel phenylhydrazonopyrazolone derivatives and molecular dynamics simulations
-
SHP2 is a new promising target for anti-cancer drug discovery. A series of novel phenylhydrazonopyrazolone derivatives was synthesized by a more convenient method, and their chemical structures were characterized by various spectroscopic methods. The inhibitory effects of these compounds on SHP2 enzyme and SHP2-dependent cancer cell H1975 were evaluated. The compound 11f with IC50 value of 3.38?μmol/L exhibited more potent antitumor activity against H1975 cell than GS-493 (IC50 = 20.92?μmol/L). Molecular dynamics simulation of compound 11f displayed a possible mode of interaction between this compound and SHP2 enzyme.
- Hu, Xia-min,Cui, Zhi-wen,Dong, Wei,Zhu, Yue,Gao, Cheng-zhi,Xu, Shi-qiang,Yuan, Qiong,Yu, Zhi-jun,Min, Zhen-li
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p. 5107 - 5122
(2018/04/05)
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- Facile Access to Amides from Oxygenated or Unsaturated Organic Compounds by Metal Oxide Nanocatalysts Derived from Single-Source Molecular Precursors
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Oxidative amidation is a valuable process for the transformation of oxygenated organic compounds to valuable amides. However, the reaction is severely limited by the use of an expensive catalyst and limited substrate scope. To circumvent these limitations, designing a transition-metal-based nanocatalyst via more straightforward and economical methodology with superior catalytic performances with broad substrate scope is desirable. To resolve the aforementioned issues, we report a facile method for the synthesis of nanocatalysts NiO and CuO by the sol-gel-assisted thermal decomposition of complexes [Ni(hep-H)(H2O)4]SO4 (SSMP-1) and [Cu(μ-hep)(BA)]2 (SSMP-2) [hep-H = 2-(2-hydroxylethyl)pyridine; BA = benzoic acid] as single-source molecular precursors (SSMPs) for the oxidative amidation of benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, and BA by using N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as the solvent and as an amine source, in the presence of tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) as the oxidant, at T = 80 °C. In addition to nanocatalysts NiO and CuO, our previously reported Co/CoO nanocatalyst (CoNC), derived from the complex [CoII(hep-H)(H2O)4]SO4 (A) as an SSMP, was also explored for the aforementioned reaction. Also, we have carefully investigated the difference in the catalytic performance of Co-, Ni-, and Cu-based nanoparticles synthesized from the SSMP for the conversion of various oxygenated and unsaturated organic compounds to their respective amides. Among all, CuO showed an optimum catalytic performance for the oxidative amidation of various oxygenated and unsaturated organic compounds with a broad reaction scope. Finally, CuO can be recovered unaltered and reused for several (six times) recycles without any loss in catalytic activity.
- Mohammad, Akbar,Chandra, Prakash,Ghosh, Topi,Carraro, Mauro,Mobin, Shaikh M.
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p. 10596 - 10608
(2017/09/12)
-
- amino animal pen amine compound can be for amplifying the synthetic method (by machine translation)
-
The present invention provides medical benzylamine compound containing amino novel process for the preparation of intermediates for synthesizing process. Use of relatively cheap and easy to get raw material, by a selective condensation and the reduction reaction, to obtain the relatively high yield intermediate. To the raw materials of this method, line good atom economy, simple reaction, is easy to control, after treatment is simple, high yield, and is easy to enlarge the production, less waste residues, the present invention can effectively and the production of low-cost synthetic intermediate. (by machine translation)
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-
Paragraph 0035; 0036; 0037; 0038
(2016/10/09)
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- RESORCINOL N-ARYL AMIDE COMPOUNDS, FOR USE AS PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE KINASE INHIBITORS
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A compound of formula I: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: Y is –CONR1- or optionally substituted arylene or optionally substituted heteroarylene; R1 is H, Cl, F, CH3 or CF3; 10 each R4 is independently H, CH3 or F; R5 is H or CH3; and each R2 and R6 is independently (Alk)n-Rn-(Alk)n-Rn-(Alk)n-X; The compounds of the invention are useful as resorcinol N-aryl amide (NAA) compounds, which are suitable for use as PDK inhibitors, for example for 15 inhibition of cancer cell proliferation.
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Page/Page column 165
(2015/04/15)
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- Direct preparation of new organozinc reagents, aminophenylzinc iodides, and their applications
-
New organozinc reagents, 4-aminophenyl zinc iodide (A) and 3-aminophenyl zinc iodide (B), have been generated easily and effectively by the direct insertion of active zinc to iodoanilines which possess acidic protons. The subsequent coupling reactions of the organozincs with various acid chlorides turned out to be an efficient tool for the preparation of aminophenyl ketones.
- Jung, Hye-Soo,Kim, Seung-Hoi
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p. 1004 - 1006
(2015/02/19)
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- Efficient chemoselective reduction of nitro compounds and olefins using Pd-Pt bimetallic nanoparticles on functionalized multi-wall-carbon nanotubes
-
We report the synthesis of novel Pd-Pt bimetallic nanoparticle catalysts using functionalized multi-wall carbon-nanotubes and utilization of them to reductions. The carbon nanotube-supported bimetallic nanoparticle catalysts showed improved activity in reduction reactions, compared with that of mono metal-supported catalysts. Under the optimized reaction conditions, various nitro compounds and alkenes were cleanly reduced at ambient temperature. Furthermore, this catalytic system exhibits excellent activity and high chemoselectivity for nitro compounds in the presence of other functional groups labile to hydrogenation. After the reaction, the catalysts could be collected through filtration, and reused for 10 times without any loss of catalytic activity.
- Kim, Eunsuk,Jeong, Han Saem,Kim, B. Moon
-
-
- Copper catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of carboxylic acids: An expedient route to amides, 5-substituted γ-lactams and α-acyloxy esters
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A convenient and recyclable catalytic protocol for the synthesis of N,N-dimethyl substituted amides, 5-substituted γ-lactams and α-acyloxy ethers from carboxylic acids using CuO nanoparticles and TBHP is described.
- Priyadarshini,Amal Joseph,Lakshmi Kantam
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p. 18283 - 18287
(2013/10/21)
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- A magnetically separable gold catalyst for chemoselective reduction of nitro compounds
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Magnetically separable gold-nanoparticle catalyst was prepared, and it showed excellent activity for chemoselective reduction of nitroarenes with hydrosilanes. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013.
- Park, Sungho,Lee, In Su,Park, Jaiwook
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supporting information
p. 395 - 399
(2013/02/23)
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- DERIVATIVES OF 1-PHENYL-2-PYRIDINYL ALKYL ALCOHOLS AS PHOSPHODIESTERASE INHIBITORS
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Derivatives of 1-phenyl-2-pyridinyl alkyl alcohols according to formula (I) are useful as inhibitors of the phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) enzyme.
- -
-
Paragraph 0337; 0339
(2014/01/07)
-
- DERIVATIVES OF 1-PHENYL-2-PYRIDINYL ALKYL ALCOHOLS AS PHOSPHODIESTERASE INHIBITORS
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The invention relates to inhibitors of the phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) enzyme. More particularly, the invention relates to compounds that are derivatives of 1 -phenyl-2-pyridinyl alkyl alcohols, methods of preparing such compounds, compositions containing them and therapeutic use thereof.
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Page/Page column 90-91
(2014/01/08)
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- SUBSTITUTED QUINAZOLINE AND PYRIDO-PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES
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The present application provides novel substituted quinazoline and pyrido- pyrimidine compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Also provided are methods for preparing these compounds. These compounds are useful in co-regulating PI3K and/or mTOR activity by administering a therapeutically effective amount of one or more of the compounds to a patient. By doing so, these compounds are effective in treating conditions associated with the dysregulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Advantageously, these compounds perform as dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors. A variety of conditions can be treated using these compounds and include diseases which are characterized by inflammation or abnormal cellular proliferation. In one embodiment, the disease is cancer.
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Page/Page column 75
(2012/05/19)
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- Simple one-pot synthesis of Rh-Fe3O4 heterodimer nanocrystals and their applications to a magnetically recyclable catalyst for efficient and selective reduction of nitroarenes and alkenes
-
A simple synthesis of Rh-Fe3O4 heterodimer nanocrystals was achieved by controlled one-pot thermolysis. The nanocrystals exhibited excellent activities for the selective reduction of nitroarenes and alkenes. Furthermore the nanocrystal catalyst could be easily separated by a magnet, and recycled eight times without losing the catalytic activity.
- Jang, Youngjin,Kim, Seyoung,Jun, Samuel Woojoo,Kim, Byung Hyo,Hwang, Sunhwan,Song, In Kyu,Kim, B. Moon,Hyeon, Taeghwan
-
supporting information; experimental part
p. 3601 - 3603
(2011/04/26)
-
- Fe3O4 nanoparticles: A conveniently reusable catalyst for the reduction of nitroarenes using hydrazine hydrate
-
A magnetic personality: Commercially available Fe3O4 nanoparticles were utilized for efficient nitroarene reductions, and could be recycled up to 10 times using magnetic separation, whilst retaining activity (99 % aniline yield in each case without any side-products). Excellent chemoselectivity for reduction of the nitro versus other functional groups, such as halogen, ester, O-benzyl, and N-Cbz groups, was observed.
- Kim, Seyoung,Kim, Eunsuk,Kim, B. Moon
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experimental part
p. 1921 - 1925
(2011/10/17)
-
- Novel Compounds for the Treatment of Diseases Associated with Amyloid or Amyloid-Like Proteins
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The present invention relates to novel compounds that can be employed in the treatment of a group of disorders and abnormalities associated with amyloid protein, such as Alzheimer's disease, and of diseases or conditions associated with amyloid-like proteins. The compounds of the present invention can also be used in the treatment of ocular diseases associated with pathological abnormalities/changes in the tissues of the visual system. The present invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and to the use of these compounds for the preparation of medicaments for treating or preventing diseases or conditions associated with amyloid and/or amyloid-like proteins. A method of treating or preventing diseases or conditions associated with amyloid and/or amyloid-like proteins is also disclosed.
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Page/Page column 52
(2011/11/30)
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- NOVEL PYRROLOY2,3-d¨PYRIMIDINE COMPOUND
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Disclosed is a novel pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine compound represented by formula [I] or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, which has a GPR119 receptor agonistic activity and is useful for a pharmaceutical. In formula [I], E represents a group repre
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Page/Page column 76
(2011/12/12)
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- 2-Amino-aryl-7-aryl-benzoxazoles as potent, selective and orally available JAK2 inhibitors
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A series of novel benzoxazole derivatives has been designed and shown to exhibit attractive JAK2 inhibitory profiles in biochemical and cellular assays, capable of delivering compounds with favorable PK properties in rats. Synthesis and structure-activity relationship data are also provided.
- Gerspacher, Marc,Furet, Pascal,Pissot-Soldermann, Carole,Gaul, Christoph,Holzer, Philipp,Vangrevelinghe, Eric,Lang, Marc,Erdmann, Dirk,Radimerski, Thomas,Regnier, Catherine H.,Chene, Patrick,Pover, Alain De,Hofmann, Francesco,Baffert, Fabienne,Buhl, Thomas,Aichholz, Reiner,Blasco, Francesca,Endres, Ralf,Trappe, J?rg,Drueckes, Peter
-
scheme or table
p. 1724 - 1727
(2010/07/03)
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- 4-PHENOXY-6-ARYL-1H-PYRAZOLO[3,4-D]PYRIMIDINE AND N-ARYL-6-ARYL-1H-PYRAZOLO[3,4-D]PYRIMIDIN-4-AMINE COMPOUNDS, THEIR USE AS MTOR KINASE AND PI3 KINASE INHIBITORS, AND THEIR SYNTHESES
-
The invention relates to 4,6-disubstituted-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-amine compounds, including 4-phenoxy-6-aryl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine and N-aryl-6-aryl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-amine compounds of the Formula I: or a pharmaceutically accep
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Page/Page column 25-26
(2010/02/17)
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- Hydrosilane reduction of tertiary carboxamides by iron carbonyl catalysts
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Fox in the carboxamide: Reduction of tertiary carboxamides to their corresponding amines is catalyzed by [Fe(CO)5] or [Fe 3(CO)12], using 1,1,3,3tetramethyldlsiloxane (TMDS) as the reducing agent. The reaction proceeds under either thermal or photochemical conditions. Unlike the hydrosilane reduction of amides using platinum or ruthenlum catalysts, TMDS preferentially reduces a nitro group, even in the presence of competing amides.
- Sunada, Yusuke,Kawakami, Hiroko,Imaoka, Tsuyoshi,Motoyama, Yukihiro,Nagashima, Hideo
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experimental part
p. 9511 - 9514
(2010/03/24)
-
- THIAZOLYL-DIHYDRO-INDAZOLES
-
The present invention encompasses compounds of general formula (1) wherein R1 to R3 are defined as in claim 1, which are suitable for the treatment of diseases characterised by excessive or abnormal cell proliferation, and the use thereof for preparing a
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Page/Page column 34
(2009/10/22)
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- HETEROCYCLICALLY SUBSTITUTED INDOLINONES, THEIR PRODUCTION AND USE AS MEDICAMENTS
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The invention relates to heterocyclically substituted indolinones of general formula (I), in which R1 to R5 and X are defined as cited in claim 1, to their tautomers, diastereomers, enantiomers and to their mixtures, prodrugs and salts, in particular their physiologically compatible salts. Said compounds exhibit valuable pharmacological characteristics, in particular an inhibiting action on various receptor tyrosine kinases and cyclin-CDK complexes and on the proliferation of endothelial cells and various tumour cells. The invention also relates to medicaments containing said compounds, to the use of the latter and to a method for producing the same.
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Page/Page column 97
(2008/06/13)
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- Transformation of fenuron induced by photochemical excitation of humic acids
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When neutral solutions containing the herbicide 3-phenyl-1,1-dimethylurea (fenuron) and-a humic acid are irradiated at 365 nm, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea and three biphenyl products are formed as main products. The apparent quantum yield of fenuron disappearance is evaluated as 6-2 x KT'moleE-1. Upon irradiation of the same mixture at 253-7 nm, both direct and induced phototransformations of fenuron occur. Direct photooxidation yields 2- and 4amino-N,AT-dimethylbenzamide. The induced phototransformation leads to 2and 4-hydroxylation of the aromatic ring in accordance with the fact that hydroxyl radicals are involved in the oxidation.
- Aguer, Jean-Pierre
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p. 151 - 155
(2007/10/03)
-