- Synthetic method of retinoic acid derivative Am580
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The invention discloses a synthetic method of retinoic acid derivative Am580, which comprises: stirring a solution of 2, 5-dimethyl hexane-2, 5-diol in concentrated HCl for 30 min, introducing HCl gasinto the system, carrying out a reaction for 3 h, performing stirring until the system becomes a two-phase mixture, performing cooling to a room temperature, performing filtering to obtain a light pink solid, washing the solid with water, performing recrystallizing in methanol, and performing filtering to obtain an intermediate 3 which is a white solid; dissolving 2, 5-dichloro-2, 5-dimethylhexane in an organic solvent, adding AlCl3 into the solution according to a molar ratio of the 2, 5-dichloro-2, 5-dimethylhexane to the AlCl3 of 1: 0.1-1: 0.2, performing heating to 100-120 DEG C, performing stirring for 16 hours, quenching the reaction by using 3M HCl, performing extracting by using normal hexane, and performing distilling under reduced pressure to remove the solvent to obtain a colorless oily matter intermediate 4. The method has the beneficial effects that the yield of each step is relatively high, the post-treatment is simple, and the industrial production is easier; reaction conditions and a solvent system are optimized for the Friedel-Crafts reaction and the oxidation reaction, and industrial production is better facilitated.
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- Development of Selective TGR5 Ligands Based on the 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethylnaphthalene Skeleton
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TGR5, a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), plays an important role in several physiological functions. TGR5 activation through bile acids induces an increase in energy expenditure. Therefore, synthetic TGR5 ligands could be useful for the treatment of obesity or dyslipidemia. In this study, we designed and synthesized a set of TGR5 ligands with a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethylnaphthalene (TMN) skeleton, and evaluated their TGR5 agonistic activity. We also investigated the selectivity of the synthesized compounds for TGR5 relative to the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and retinoic acid receptor (RAR). Our results show that compound 4 b [N-(2-chlorophenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenecarboxamide] exhibited potent TGR5 agonist activity with an IC50 value of 8.4 nM without significant cytotoxicity. In addition, compound 4 b showed only slight agonistic activity toward FXR and RAR at 1 μM treatment. These data indicate that compound 4 b is a selective TGR5 agonist, and could be a promising therapeutic agent for dyslipidemia.
- Terui, Ryusei,Yanase, Yuta,Yokoo, Hidetomo,Suhara, Yoshitomo,Makishima, Makoto,Demizu, Yosuke,Misawa, Takashi
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supporting information
p. 458 - 462
(2020/10/23)
-
- Carboxylation of Aryl Triflates with CO2 Merging Palladium and Visible-Light-Photoredox Catalysts
-
We report herein a visible-light-promoted, highly practical carboxylation of readily accessible aryl triflates at ambient temperature and a balloon pressure of CO2 by the combined use of palladium and photoredox Ir(III) catalysts. Strikingly, the stoichiometric metallic reductant is replaced by a nonmetallic amine reductant providing an environmentally benign carboxylation process. In addition, one-pot synthesis of a carboxylic acid directly from phenol and modification of estrone and concise synthesis of pharmaceutical drugs adapalene and bexarotene have been accomplished via late-stage carboxylation reaction. Furthermore, a parallel decarboxylation-carboxylation reaction has been demonstrated in an H-type closed vessel that is an interesting concept for the strategic sector. Spectroscopic and spectroelectrochemical studies indicated electron transfer from the Ir(III)/DIPEA combination to generate aryl carboxylate and Pd(0) for catalytic turnover.
- Bhunia, Samir Kumar,Das, Pritha,Nandi, Shantanu,Jana, Ranjan
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p. 4632 - 4637
(2019/06/27)
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- BEXAROTENE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR USE IN TREATING CANCER
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This disclosure relates to compositions and methods for treating cancer. Specifically, this disclosure relates to bexarotene derivatives, methods for treating cancer, autoimmune disorders, and/or skin dermatitis, and/or methods for increasing peripheral blood counts and/or improving immune system function.
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-
Paragraph 0141
(2019/09/18)
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- COMPOUNDS AND METHODS FOR INHIBITING CYP26 ENZYMES
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Compounds described herein are inhibitors of retinoic acid inducible P450 (CYP26) enzymes, and are useful for treating diseases that are responsive to retinoids. Certain compounds have retinoid activity, are resistant to CYP26-mediated catabolism, and are used for treating diseases that are responsive to retinoids.
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- Synthesis of a new fluorine-18-labeled bexarotene analogue for PET imaging of retinoid X receptor
-
The reference standard 2-fluoro-4-(1-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)vinyl)ben-zoic acid was synthesized from 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol and 2-fluoro-4-methylbenzoic acid in 10 steps with 3% overall chemical yield. The precursor 2-nitro-4-(1-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetra-hydronaphthalen-2-yl)vinyl)benzoic acid was synthesized from 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol and dimethyl-2-nitroterephthalate in seven steps with 2% overall chemical yield. The target tracer 2-[18F]flu-oro-4-(1-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)vinyl)benzoic acid was synthesized from its nitro-precursor by the nucleophilic substitution with K[18F]F/Kryptofix 2.2.2 and isolated by HPLC combined with solid-phase extraction (SPE) purification in 20-30% radiochemical yield with 37-370 GBq/μmol specific activity at end of bombardment (EOB).
- Wang, Min,Davis, Toni,Gao, Mingzhang,Zheng, Qi-Huang
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p. 1742 - 1747
(2015/03/14)
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- Synthesis of a new fluorine-18-labeled bexarotene analogue for PET imaging of retinoid X receptor
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The reference standard 2-fluoro-4-(1-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5,6,7,8- tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)vinyl)benzoic acid was synthesized from 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol and 2-fluoro-4-methylbenzoic acid in 10 steps with 3% overall chemical yield. The precursor 2-nitro-4-(1-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5, 6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)vinyl)benzoic acid was synthesized from 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol and dimethyl-2-nitroterephthalate in seven steps with 2% overall chemical yield. The target tracer 2-[18F]fluoro-4-(1- (3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)vinyl)benzoic acid was synthesized from its nitro-precursor by the nucleophilic substitution with K[18F]F/Kryptofix 2.2.2 and isolated by HPLC combined with solid-phase extraction (SPE) purification in 20-30% radiochemical yield with 37-370 GBq/μmol specific activity at end of bombardment (EOB).
- Wang, Min,Davis, Toni,Gao, Mingzhang,Zheng, Qi-Huang
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p. 1742 - 1747
(2014/04/17)
-
- Retinoid compounds and their use
-
The invention relates to retinoid compounds of the formula (I): wherein V is a hydrophobic group;W is a non-polyenic linker; andX is a polar group comprising a hydrogen bond donor; or a salt thereof, and to the use of such compounds in the control of cell differentiation.
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- Modeling, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Potential RetinoidX Receptor-Selective Agonists: Novel Halogenated Analogues of 4-[1-(3,5,5,8,8-Pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl)ethynyl]benzoic Acid (Bexarotene)
-
The synthesis of halogenated analogues of 4-[1-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl)ethynyl]benzoic acid (1), known commonly as bexarotene, and their evaluation for retinoidX receptor (RXR)-specific agonist performance is described. Compound 1 is FDA approved to treat cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL); however, bexarotene treatment can induce hypothyroidism and elevated triglyceride levels, presumably by disrupting RXR heterodimer pathways for other nuclear receptors. The novel halogenated analogues in this study were modeled and assessed for their ability to bind to RXR and stimulate RXR homodimerization in an RXRE-mediated transcriptional assay as well as an RXR mammalian-2-hybrid assay. In an array of eight novel compounds, four analogues were discovered to promote RXR-mediated transcription with EC50 values similar to that of 1 and are selective RXR agonists. Our approach also uncovered a periodic trend of increased binding and homodimerization of RXR when substituting a halogen atom for a proton ortho to the carboxylic acid on 1.
- Furmick, Julie K.,Kaneko, Ichiro,Walsh, Angela N.,Yang, Joanna,Bhogal, Jaskaran S.,Gray, Geoffrey M.,Baso, Juan C.,Browder, Drew O.,Prentice, Jessica L.S.,Montano, Luis A.,Huynh, Chanh C.,Marcus, Lisa M.,Tsosie, Dorian G.,Kwon, Jungeun S.,Quezada, Alexis,Reyes, Nicole M.,Lemming, Brittney,Saini, Puneet,vanderVaart, Arjan,Groy, Thomas L.,Marshall, Pamela A.,Jurutka, Peter W.,Wagner, Carl E.
-
p. 1551 - 1566
(2012/11/07)
-
- Cucurbituril slippage: Cations as supramolecular lubricants
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The dethreading rate of a polyaminated axle flanked by two benzo-15-crown-5 stoppers from the cavity of Cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) was enhanced by up to 500 times in the presence of aqueous metallic and organic cations. Cations likely stabilize the highest energy transition state of the dethreading process by interacting with both crown ether and CB[7] units.
- Ling, Xiaoxi,Masson, Eric
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p. 4866 - 4869
(2013/01/15)
-
- Synthesis and effects of some novel tetrahydronaphthalene derivatives on proliferation and nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide activated Raw 264.7 macrophages
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In this study, novel N-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5,6,7,8- tetrahydronaphthalene-2-yl)-carboxamide (6-15) and 5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8- tetrahydronaphthalene-2-carboxamide (16-32) derivatives were synthesized and their in vitro effects at 5 μM and 50 μM concentrations on proliferation and nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were determined. Compounds 12, 17, 24 and 26 were found to decrease nitrite levels in a dose-dependent manner in LPS-activated cells. At the tested concentrations, these compounds did not exhibit cytotoxic effects. Interestingly, compound 27 which contains nitroxide free radical was the most active compound in this series showing 59.2% nitrite inhibition in LPS-activated macrophage cells.
- Gurkan, A. Selen,Karabay, Arzu Z.,Buyukbingol, Zeliha,Buyukbingol, Erdem
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p. 468 - 479
(2011/03/19)
-
- NOVEL BEXAROTENE ANALOGS
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The present invention relates to analogs of bexarotene and methods of use thereof.
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- THERAPEUTIC DRUG FOR ADULT T-CELL LEUKEMIA
-
An object is to provide a novel therapeutic drug for adult T-cell leukemia having an ATL cell specific antitumor effect. The therapeutic drug for adult T-cell leukemia according to the invention is characterized by containing a compound represented by the formula I or a prodrug thereof, wherein R1 is H, OH, an alkoxy group, an acyl group, or a thioacyl group, R2 is an acyl group, a thioacyl group, CONR7R8, or CSNR7R8 (R7 and R8 being each independently H, an alkyl group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a phenyl group), or R1 and R2 together may form a ring, X1 and X2 may be the same or different and are each —CR3R4—, —SiR3R4— or oxygen, and R3 and R4 may be the same or different and are each an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
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Page/Page column 8
(2011/08/02)
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of retinoid-chalcones as inhibitors of colon cancer cell growth
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Based on the observed anticancer activity of chalcones and retinoids, a novel class of retinoid-chalcone hybrids was designed and synthesized. As part of our ongoing studies to discover natural product based anticancer compounds, the retinoid-chalcone hybrids were tested against the colon cancer cell line HT-29. Retinoid like moiety was introduced through Friedel-Crafts alkylation of toluene. Among the synthesized compounds, the cyano derivative (E)-3-(3-oxo-3-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl) prop-1-enyl)benzonitrile 8 showed submicromolar inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 0.66 μM.
- Mizuno, Cassia S.,Paul, Shiby,Suh, Nanjoo,Rimando, Agnes M.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 7385 - 7387
(2011/02/23)
-
- Discovery of tetrahydrotetramethylnaphthalene analogs as adult T-cell leukemia cell-selective proliferation inhibitors in a small chemical library constructed based on multi-template hypothesis
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Adult T cell leukemia (ATL), caused by infection of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), has a poor prognosis and curative therapy is unavailable, so it is important to find or design superior lead compounds for the drug treatment of ATL. We used our micro-reversed fragment-based drug design hypothesis and multi-template hypothesis to extract the tetrahydrotetramethylnaphthalene (TMN) skeleton from tamibarotene, a useful medicament for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Structural development of TMN yielded highly ATL cell-selective growth inhibitors, including 2-acetyl-3-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethylnaphthalene (6). Structure-activity relationship analysis suggests the existence of a specific target molecule for ATL cell-selective inhibition of proliferation through G2 arrest.
- Nakamura, Masahiko,Hamasaki, Takayuki,Tokitou, Maiko,Baba, Masanori,Hashimoto, Yuichi,Aoyama, Hiroshi
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experimental part
p. 4740 - 4746
(2009/10/10)
-
- Modeling, synthesis and biological evaluation of potential Retinoid X Receptor (RXR) selective agonists: Novel analogues of 4-[1-(3,5,5,8,8- pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl)ethynyl]benzoic acid (bexarotene)
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This report describes the synthesis of analogues of 4-[1-(3,5,5,8,8- pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl)ethynyl]benzoic acid (1), commonly known as bexarotene, and their analysis in acting as retinoid X receptor (RXR)-specific agonists. Compound 1 has FDA approval to treat cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL); however, its use can cause side effects such as hypothyroidism and increased triglyceride concentrations, presumably by disruption of RXR heterodimerization with other nuclear receptors. The novel analogues in the present study have been evaluated forRXR activation in an RXR mammalian-2-hybrid assay as well as an RXRE-mediated transcriptional assay and for their ability to induce apoptosis as well as for their mutagenicity and cytotoxicity. Analysis of 11 novel compounds revealed the discovery of three analogues that best induce RXR-mediated transcriptional activity, stimulate apoptosis, have comparable Ki and EC50 values to 1, and are selective RXR agonists. Our experimental approach suggests that rational drug design can develop new rexinoids with improved biological properties. 2009 American Chemical Society.
- Wagner, Carl E.,Jurutka, Peter W.,Marshall, Pamela A.,Groy, Thomas L.,Van Der Vaart, Arjan,Ziller, Joseph W.,Furmick, Julie K.,Graeber, Mark E.,Matro, Erik,Miguel, Belinda V.,Tran, Ivy T.,Kwon, Jungeun,Tedeschi, Jamie N.,Moosavi, Shahram,Danishyar, Amina,Philp, Joshua S.,Khamees, Reina O.,Jackson, Jevon N.,Grupe, Darci K.,Badshah, Syed L.,Hart, Justin W.
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experimental part
p. 5950 - 5966
(2010/02/28)
-
- NOVEL THERAPEUTIC AGENTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF CANCER, METABOLIC DISEASES AND SKIN DISORDERS
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The present invention is directed to compounds having the structure Formula (I) wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and m are as defined herein. The compounds of this invention are novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer, metabolic diseases and skin disorders in mammalian subjects. These compounds are also useful modulators of gene expression. They exert their activity by interfering with certain cellular signal transduction cascades. The compounds of the invention are thus also useful for regulating cell differentiation and cell cycle processes that are controlled or regulated by various hormones or cytokines. In particular, the invention relates to compounds that induce apoptosis of cancer cells and therefore may be used for the treatment or prevention of cancer, including advanced cancers and pre-cancerous cells. The invention also discloses pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment of disease in mammals.
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Page/Page column 52
(2008/06/13)
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- Synthesis and antioxidant activity of new tetrahydro-naphthalene-indole derivatives as retinoid and melatonin analogs
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A number of retinoid-related compounds represent classes of antioxidative and proapoptotic agents with promising potential in the treatment of neoplastic diseases. Indeed, the synthetic retinoid amide fenretinide [N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide] induces apoptosis of cancer cells and acts as a chemotherapeutic drug in cancer therapy. In the present work, and as a continuation of our studies on retinoid-type compounds, the synthesis of melatonin retinamide derivatives was studied as a novel series of melatonin retinoids, using the condensation reaction sequence involving tetrahydrotetramethylnaphthalene carboxylic acid and appropriate melatonin-type moieties. Despite of the weak DPPH inhibition activity pattern of the synthesized compounds, some of them showed a strong inhibition on lipid peroxidation (IVa-b, Va, and VIIa-c, 88, 96, 90, 94, 93, and 86%, respectively at 10-4 M concentration) when melatonin (85% at 10-4 M concentration) was used as a reference compound.
- Ates-Alagoz, Zeynep,Coban, Tulay,Buyukbingol, Erdem
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p. 193 - 200
(2007/10/03)
-
- Aza-retinoids as novel retinoid X receptor-specific agonists
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A new structurally simple series of potent lipophilic aza-retinoids RXR agonists has been developed. SAR studies for the N-alkyl-azadienoic acids described here demonstrate that the RXR activity profile is sensitive to the N-alkyl chain length. Further, we have expanded the work to include azadienoic acids, which exhibited many accessible conformations leading to a better understanding of the SAR around the series.
- Farmer, Luc J.,Marron, Kristen S.,Canan Koch, Stacie S.,Hwang,Kallel, E. Adam,Zhi, Lin,Nadzan, Alex M.,Robertson, Dave W.,Bennani, Youssef L.
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p. 2352 - 2356
(2007/10/03)
-
- Disubstituted chalcone oximes as selective agonists of RAR retinoid receptors
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Compounds of the formula where the variables are as defined in the specification, are useful for preventing or treating emphysema and related pulmonary conditions of mammals and other diseases and conditions which are responsive to RARγ agonist retinoids, such as skin related diseases, including but not limited to acne and psoriasis.
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Page/Page column 14; 15
(2008/06/13)
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- NON-PEPTIDE GnRH AGENTS, METHODS AND INTERMEDIATES FOR THEIR PREPARATION
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Non-peptide GnRH agents capable of inhibiting the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone are described. Such compounds and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, multimers, prodrugs, and active metabolites are suitable for treating mammalian reproductive disorders and steroid hormone-dependent tumors as well as for regulating fertility, where suppression of gonadotropin release is indicated. Methods for synthesizing the compounds and intermediates useful in their preparation are also described.
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Page/Page column 13
(2010/02/11)
-
- Non-peptide GnRH agents, pharmaceutical compositions and methods for their use
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Non-peptide GnRH agents capable of inhibiting the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone are described. Such compounds and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, and active metabolites are suitable for treating mammalian reproductive disorders and steroid hormone-dependent tumors as well as for regulating fertility, where suppression of gonadotropin release is indicated. Methods for synthesizing the compounds and intermediates useful in their preparation are also described.
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-
- Non-peptide GnRH agents, methods and intermediates for their preparation
-
Non-peptide GnRH agents capable of inhibiting the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone are described. Such compounds and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, multimers, prodrugs, and active metabolites are suitable for treating mammalian reproductive disorders and steroid hormone-dependent tumors as well as for regulating fertility, where suppression of gonadotropin release is indicated. Methods for synthesizing the compounds and intermediates useful in their preparation are also described.
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Page/Page column 11
(2008/06/13)
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- NON-PEPTIDE GNRH AGENTS, PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR THEIR USE
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Non-peptide GnRH agents capable of inhibiting the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone are described. Such compounds and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, and active metabolites are suitable for treating mammalian reproductive disorders and steroid hormone-dependent tumors as well as for regulating fertility, where suppression o£ gonadotropin release is indicated. Methods for synthesizing the compounds and intermediates useful in their preparation are also described.
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- Retinoic acid agonists as preventive and therapeutic agents for nephritis
-
The present invention provides a therapeutic or prophylactic agent as a substitute for conventional steroids or immunosuppressive agents to treat or prevent systemic erythematosus, glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura or autoimmune anemia. The agent comprises a retinoic acid receptor agonist, specifically a retinoic acid receptor subtype α (RARα) agonist, including for example: (1) carboxylic acid compounds having condensed rings represented by the following formula: ?(wherein the rings L and M are condensed, are the same as or different from each other, and represent an aromatic hydrocarbon which may have a substituent group or a heterocycle which may have a substituent group; the rings A and B are independent of each other and represent an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or heterocycle which may have a substituent group; and D represents a carboxyl group which may have a protective group), (2) 4-{[(3,5-bistrimethylsilylphenyl)carbonyl]amino}benzoic acid, 4-{2-[5-(3-methoxymethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethylnaphthalene-2-yl)pyrrolyl]}benzoic acid, etc.
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- The discovery of novel small molecule non-peptide gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonists
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A novel series of non-peptide derivatives 1, 14, and 15 that bind with high affinity to the human GnRH receptors is discussed. The discovery was made from screening our in-house libraries that contained the active structure 2 along with a trace amount of a second active structure 1 that was derived from an acid-induced rearrangement. From this structure type 1, a series of guanidine and non-guanidine containing analogues were prepared and tested as GnRH receptor antagonists. Compounds derived from this series bind to both human and rat GnRH receptors and antagonize GnRH-mediated increases in inositol phosphate production in cells containing recombinant human receptors. These compounds or their analogues may be useful as therapeutic agents for the treatment of hormone-dependent pathologies including prostate, breast and ovarian cancers.
- Luthin, David R.,Hong, Yufeng,Pathak, Ved P.,Paderes, Genevieve,Nared-Hood, Karen D.,Castro, Mary A.,Vazir, Haresh,Li, Haitao,Tompkins, Eileen,Christie, Lance,May, John M.,Anderson, Mark B.
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p. 3467 - 3470
(2007/10/03)
-
- Synthesis of novel retinoid X receptor-selective retinoids
-
Retinoids 1-5 have been identified as potent RXR agonists for evaluation in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Highly convergent syntheses of 1-5 have been developed. The core tetrahydronaphthalene 7, employed in the synthesis of 1 and 2, was prepared in 98% yield using an AlCl3-catalyzed (0.03 equiv) Friedel-Crafts alkylation of toluene with 2,5-dichloro-2,5-dimethylhexane 6. A nitromethane-mediated Fridel-Crafts acylation of 7 with chloromethylnicotinate 9 was developed to prepare ketone 10 in 68% yield. Chelate-controlled addition of MeMgCl to 10 followed by dehydration afforded olefin 11 in 65% yield. Cyclopropanation of 11 with trimethylsulfoxonium ylide, followed by saponification, completed a five-step synthesis of 1 in 33% yield. FeCl3-catalyzed (0.05 equiv) Friedel-Crafts acylation of 7 with chloromethyl-terephthalate 14 afforded ketone 15 in 81% yield. Saponification of 15 and reaction with 50% aqueous NH2OH in AcOH afforded a 9:1 mixture of cis and trans oximes, from which the desired cis-oxime 2 was isolated in 43% yield. The core bromo-dihydronaphthalene 29 required for the synthesis of 3-5 was prepared by a Shapiro reaction. Transmetalation of 29 and reaction with Weinreb amides 30b or 36 afforded ketones 32 and 37, which were converted into 3-5 using chemistry comparable to the tetrahydronaphthylene series. Suzuki coupling of boronic acids 41 and 42 with vinyl triflate 43 provided an alternative approach to the synthesis of this class of compounds.
- Faul,Ratz,Sullivan,Trankle,Winneroski
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p. 5772 - 5782
(2007/10/03)
-
- Aromatic polycyclic retinoid-type derivatives, method for preparing same, and use thereof for making pharmaceutical and cosmetic compositions
-
Novel aromatic polycyclic retinoid-type derivatives of general formula (I), wherein groupings R3and R4attached to the double bond between carbons 11 and 12 are cis groupings, and pharmaceutical and cosmetic compositions containing same, are disclosed.
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-
- Synthesis of some novel tetrahydronaphthalene benzimidazole derivatives
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Retinoids, synthetic and natural analogues of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA), exert their biological effects with responsive elements of DNA to promote on cell differentiation and proliferation and behave as potent adipogenic hormones. Herein, we describe the synthesis of a number of novel tetrahydrotetramethylnaphthalene benzimidazole derivatives as retinoids. Analogs were prepared as depicted in Scheme 1 and 2. As is evident from both shemes, a variety of tetrahydrotetramethylnaphthalene benzimidazole derivatives have been synthesized by using an appropiate NaHSO3 addiction product.
- Ates-Alagoz, Zeynep,Buyukbingol, Erdem
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p. 455 - 460
(2007/10/03)
-
- Polyenylidene thiazolidine derivatives with retinoidal activities
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Several polyenylidene thiazolidinedione or 2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone derivatives were synthesized and their retinoidal activities were examined in terms of the differentiation-inducing ability towards human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells and inhibitory effect on interleukin (IL)-1α-induced IL-6 production in MC3T3-E1 cells. Compounds containing a trimethylcyclohexenyl ring induced HL-60 cell differentiation with weaker activity than retinoic acid (1a) by one or two orders of magnitude. The thiazolidinedione derivatives (2, 5, 7) showed stronger activity than the corresponding 2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone derivatives (3, 6, 8). The effects of a retinoid antagonist (LE540) and synergists (retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonists, HX600 or HX630) on the activities of thiazolidine derivatives indicate that these compounds elicit their activities through the nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs). All the thiazolidines examined also inhibited IL-1α-induced IL-6 production with IC50 values of 10nM order. The retinoidal activities of the thiazolidines are significant, considering that replacement of the carboxylic acid in retinoid structures with bioisosteric functional groups is generally ineffective, as seen in the structure-activity relationships of retinoidal benzoic acids.
- Tashima, Toshihiko,Kagechika, Hiroyuki,Tsuji, Motonori,Fukasawa, Hiroshi,Kawachi, Emiko,Hashimoto, Yuichi,Shudo, Koichi
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p. 1805 - 1813
(2007/10/03)
-
- Role of the hydrophobic moiety of tumor promoters. Synthesis and activity of benzolactams with alkyl substituents at various positions
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We synthesized benzolactams with hydrophobic substituents at various positions as analogs of (-)-benzolactam-V8-310 ((-)-BL-V8-310, 1) which reproduces the active conformation and biological activity of teleocidins. Structure-activity data indicate that the existence of a hydrophobic region between C-2 and C-9, and the steric factor at C-8 play critical roles in the appearance of biological activities.
- Endo, Yasuyuki,Ohno, Michihiro,Takehana, Shunji,Driedger, Paul E.,Stabel, Silvia,Shudo, Koichi
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p. 424 - 426
(2007/10/03)
-
- Syntheses of isotopically labeled 4-[1-(3,5,5,8,8-Pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- 2-naphthyl)ethenyl]benzoic acid (LGD1069), a potent retinoid X receptor-selective ligand
-
LGD1069, 4-[1-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl)ethenyl] benzoic acid, is the first retinoid X receptor (RXR) selective retinoid to enter clinical trials for treatment of dermatological diseases and cancer. In order to examine biological properties such as receptor binding, metabolism and bioavailability, [13C]-, [14C]-, and [3H]-labeled LGD1069 is required. Herein, we describe synthetic methods for preparing isotopically labeled homologs of LGD 1069 as well as comparative competition binding data for [6,7-3H]-LGD1069 and [3H]-9-cis retinoic acid with RXR active retinoids. The final radiolabeled products, [6,7-3H]-LGD1069 and 3-[14C]-LGD1069 have specific activities of 56 Ci/mmol and 49 mCi/mmol, respectively. Radiochemical purities are 99.5% for [6,7-3H]-LGD1069 and 99.0% for 3-[14C]-LGD1069. The chemical purity is 99.0% for 3-[13CD3]-LGD1069. Competition binding studies with known retinoids show similar K(d) values when either [6,7-3H]-LGD1069 or [3H]-9-cis retinoic acid is used as the radioligand.
- Zhang,Badea,Enyeart,Berger,Mais,Boehm
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p. 701 - 712
(2007/10/02)
-
- Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of novel retinoid X receptor-selective retinoids
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Two series of potent retinoid X receptor (RXR)-selective compounds were designed and synthesized based upon recent observation that (E)-4-[2- (5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl]benzoic acid (TTNPB) binds and transactivates only the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) subtypes whereas (E)-4-[2-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2- naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl]benzoic acid (3-methyl TTNPB) binds and transactivates both the RAR and RXR subfamilies. Addition of functional groups such as methyl, chloro, bromo, or ethyl to the 3-position of the tetrahydronaphthalene moiety of 4-[(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- 2-naphthyl)carbonyl]benzoic acid (5a) and 4-[1-(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8- tetrahydro-2-naphthyl)ethenyl]benzoic acid (6a) results in compounds which elicit potent and selective activation of the RXR class. Such RXR-selective compounds offer pharmacological tools for elucidating the biological role of the individual retinoid receptors with which they interact. Activation profiles in cotransfection and competitive binding assays as well as molecular modeling calculations demonstrate critical structural determinants that confer selectivity for members of the RXR subfamily. The most potent compound of these series, 4-[1-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2- naphthyl)ethenyl]benzoic acid (6b), is the first RXR-selective retinoid (designated as LGD1069) to enter clinical trials for cancer indications.
- Boehm,Zhang,Badea,White,Mais,Berger,Suto,Goldman,Heyman
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p. 2930 - 2941
(2007/10/02)
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- Tetralin esters of phenols or benzoic acids having retinoid like activity
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Retinoid-like activity is exhibited by compounds of the formula STR1 where the R groups are independently hydrogen, or lower alkyl; A is --C(O)O--, --OC(O)--, --C(O)S--, or --SC(O)--; n is 0-5; and Z is H, --COB where B is --OH or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or B is --OR 1 where R 1 is an ester-forming group, or B is --N(R) 2 where R is hydrogen or lower alkyl, or Z is --OE where E is hydrogen or an ether-forming group or --COR 2 where R 2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, phenyl or lower alkyl phenyl, or Z is --CHO or an acetal derivative thereof, or Z is --COR 3 where R 3 is --(CH 2) m CH 3 where m is 0-4 and the sum of n and m does not exceed 4.
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- Acetylenes disubstituted with a heteroaromatic group and a tetralin group and having retinoid like activity
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Retinoid-like activity is exhibited by compounds of the formula STR1 where R is hydrogen or lower alkyl; A is pyridyl, thienyl, furyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl or pyrazinyl; n is 0-5; and B is H, --COOH or an ester or amide thereof, --CH 2 OH or an ether or ester derivative thereof, or --CHO or an acetal derivative thereof, or --COR 1 or a ketal derivative thereof where R 1 is --(CH 2) m CH 3 where m is 0-4; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
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- Polycyclic heterocyclic compounds, a process for their preparation and their use in human and veterinary medicine
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A polycyclic heterocyclic compound has the formula STR1 wherein n is 1 or 2, R1 l represents (i) lower alkyl, (ii) --CH2 OH or (iii) STR2 R2 represents (a) hydrogen, (b) STR3 or (c)--OR3, R3 represents hydrogen, C1 -C20 alkyl mono or polyhydroxyalkyl, aryl or aralkyl optionally substituted, the residue of a sugar or STR4 wherein p is 1, 2, or 3, and r' and r" represent hydrogen, lower alkyl, mono or polyhydroxyalkyl, aryl optionally substituted, amino acid residue, aminated sugar residue, or together form a heterocycle, X represents oxygen, sulfur, SO, SO2 or --NR4, Y represents CR4 or a nitrogen atom and R4 represents hydrogen or lower alkyl. This polycyclic heterocyclic compound can be used in human and veterinary medicine and especially in the topical or systemic treatment of determatologic diseases.
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- New Aromatic Musk Odorants: Design and Synthesis
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By appropriate structural modification of known musk odorants, new strong musk odorants have been discovered.Incorporation of supplementary CH3 or CH2 groups into the basic musk skeleton of type G only slightly modifies the global shape of the molecule but leads to densely packed structures of enhanced lipophilicity.For the consturction of these highly substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrohaphthalenes, new annulation sequences (intramolecular mono- and dialkylations; see Schemes 3, 6, and 8) have been developed and, in certain cases, the design of the target molecules was dictated by both structure-activity-realationship and synthetic considerations (e. g. 46 and 47, Scheme 6).This work also presents an original solution to an analytical problem: the distinction between a C2- and a Cs-symmetrical aromatic hydrocarbon (viz. 71 and 72) by conversion into a complex.
- Fehr, Charles,Galindo, Jose,Haubrichs, Rolf,Perret, Roland
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p. 1537 - 1553
(2007/10/02)
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- Retinobenzoic Acids. 1. Structure-Activity Relationships of Aromatic Amides with Retinoidal Activity
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Two types of aromatic amides, terephthalic monoanilides and (arylcarboxamido)benzoic acids, have been shown to possess potent retinoidal activities and can be classified as retinoids.The structure-activity relationships of these amides are discussed on the basis of differentiation-inducing activity on human promyelocytic leukemia cells HL-60.In generic formula 4 (X = NHCO or CONH), the necessary factors to elicit the retinoidal activities are a medium-sized alkyl group (isopropyl, tert-butyl, etc.) at the meta position and a carboxyl group at the para position of the other benzene ring.The bonding of the amide structure can be reversed, this moiety apparently having the role of locating the two benzene rings at suitable positions with respect to each other.Substitution at the ring position ortho to the amide group or N-methylation of the amido group caused loss of activity, presumably owing to the resultant change of conformation.It is clear that the mutual orientation of the benzylic methyl group(s) and the carboxyl group and their distance apart are essential factors determining the retinoidal activity.Among the synthesized compounds, 4-benzoic acid (Am80) and 4-benzoic acid (Am580) were several times more active than retinoic acid in the assay.They are structurally related to retinoic acid, as is clear from the biological activity of the hybrid compounds (M2 and R2).
- Kagechika, Hiroyuki,Kawachi, Emiko,Hashimoto, Yuichi,Himi, Toshiyuki,Shudo, Koichi
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p. 2182 - 2192
(2007/10/02)
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