- Structure-Activity Relationship and Biological Investigation of SR18292 (16), a Suppressor of Glucagon-Induced Glucose Production
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Despite a myriad of available pharmacotherapies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D), challenges still exist in achieving glycemic control. Several novel glucose-lowering strategies are currently under clinical investigation, highlighting the need f
- Cameron, Michael D.,Griffin, Patrick R.,Kamenecka, Theodore M.,Lin, Hua,Lin, Li,Novick, Scott J.,Puigserver, Pere,Ruiz, Claudia,Sharabi, Kfir,Zhu, Di
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supporting information
p. 980 - 990
(2021/02/01)
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- Mild Metal-Free Hydrosilylation of Secondary Amides to Amines
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The combination of amide activation by Tf2O with B(C6F5)3-catalyzed hydrosilylation with TMDS constitutes a method for the one-pot reduction of secondary amides to amines under mild conditions. The method displays a broad applicability for the reduction of many types of substrates, and shows good compatibility and excellent chemoselectivity for many sensitive functional groups. Reductions of a multifunctionalized α,β-unsaturated amide obtained from another synthetic methodology, and a C-H functionalization product produced the corresponding amines in good to excellent yield. Chemoselective reduction of enantiomeric pure (ee >99%) tetrahydro-5-oxo-2-furaneamides yielded 5-(aminomethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-ones in a racemization-free manner. The latter were converted in one pot to N-protected 5-hydroxypiperidin-2-ones, which are building blocks for the synthesis of many natural products. Further elaboration of an intermediate led to a concise four-step synthesis of -epi-pseudoconhydrine.
- Huang, Pei-Qiang,Lang, Qi-Wei,Wang, Yan-Rong
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p. 4235 - 4243
(2016/06/09)
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- Transformation of N,N-diisopropylarylmethylamines into N-isopropylarylmethylamines with molecular iodine
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N,N-Diisopropylarylmethylamines were smoothly converted into the corresponding N-isopropylarylmethylamines by the reaction with molecular iodine in the presence of Na2CO3 in chloroform at 60 °C. Other related tertiary amines were also transformed into the corresponding secondary amines by the reaction with molecular iodine under the same reaction conditions.
- Ezawa, Masatoshi,Moriyama, Katsuhiko,Togo, Hideo
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p. 6689 - 6692
(2016/02/03)
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- Ruthenium-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of nitriles: Reduction and subsequent N-monoalkylation to secondary amines
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The selective synthesis of amines continues to be of importance because of their application in the bulk and fine chemical industries. Herein, domino ruthenium-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of nitriles with subsequent N-monoalkylation by using alcohols is described. With this novel approach, various nitriles were reductively N-monoalkylated in excellent yields. A simple method for the synthesis of secondary amines starting directly from nitriles by using a ruthenium catalyst is described. With this novel domino system, various nitriles were reduced and subsequently N-monoalkylated in excellent yields (up to 99 %). In addition to isopropanol, other alcohols were also used as a reductant and N-monoalkylation reagent. Copyright
- Werkmeister, Svenja,Bornschein, Christoph,Junge, Kathrin,Beller, Matthias
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supporting information
p. 3671 - 3674
(2013/07/19)
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- Microwave-assisted regioselective ring opening of non-activated aziridines by lithium aluminium hydride
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A new synthetic protocol for the LiAlH4-promoted reduction of non-activated aziridines under microwave conditions was developed. Thus, ring opening of 2-(acetoxymethyl)aziridines provided the corresponding β-amino alcohols, which were then used as eligible substrates in the synthesis of 5-methylmorpholin-2-ones via condensation with glyoxal in THF. The same procedure was applied for the preparation of novel 5(R)- and 5(S)-methylmorpholin-2-ones starting from the corresponding enantiopure 2-(hydroxymethyl)aziridines. Additionally, 2-(methoxymethyl)- and 2-(phenoxymethyl)aziridines were treated with LiAlH4 under microwave irradiation, giving rise to either isopropylamines or 1-methoxypropan-2-amines depending on the reaction conditions.
- Stankovic, Sonja,D'Hooghe, Matthias,De Kimpe, Norbert
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scheme or table
p. 4266 - 4273
(2010/11/18)
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- Isomerization and deuterium scrambling evidence for a change in the rate-limiting step during imine hydrogenation by Shvo's hydroxycyclopentadienyl ruthenium hydride
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Hydroxycyclopentadienyl ruthenium hydride 5 efficiently reduces imines below room temperature. Better donor substituents on nitrogen give rise to faster rates and a shift of the rate-determining step from hydrogen transfer to amine coordination. Reduction of electron-deficient N- benzilidenepentafluoroaniline (8) at 11°C resulted in free amine and kinetic isotope effects of kOH/kOD = 1.61 ± 0.08, k RuH/kRuD = 2.05 ± 0.08, and kRuHOH/ kRuDOD = 3.32 ± 0.14, indicative of rate-limiting concerted hydrogen transfer, a mechanism analogous to that proposed for aldehyde and ketone reduction. Reduction of electron-rich N-alkyl-substituted imine, N-isopropyl-(4-methyl)benzilidene amine (9), was accompanied by facile imine isomerization and scrambling of deuterium labels from reduction with 5-RuDOH into the N-alkyl substituent of both the amine complex and into the recovered imine. Inverse equilibrium isotope effects were observed in the reduction of N-benzilidene-tert-butylamine (11) at -48°C (kOH/kOD = 0.89 ± 0.06, kRuH/kRuD = 0.64 ± 0.05, and kRuHOH/kRuDOD = 0.56 ± 0.05). These results are consistent with a mechanism involving reversible hydrogen transfer followed by rate-limiting amine coordination.
- Casey, Charles P.,Johnson, Jeffrey B.
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p. 1883 - 1894
(2007/10/03)
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