- An efficient gram scale synthesis of aryl iodides from aryl diazofluoroborates in water under mild conditions
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Transition metal-free synthesis of synthetically valuable aryl iodides from aryl diazofluroborates in water under mild conditions has been described. Majority of synthesized aryl iodides are obtained in quantitative yields (>99%) under present reaction conditions. The structural effects due to the substituents present on aryl diazofluoroborates did not show any satisfactory effect on the yields of the aryl iodides. Hence, the methodology presented here was found to be adventitious for the quantitative production of synthetically valuable aryl iodides.
- Gholap, Somnath S.
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p. 594 - 599
(2018/06/26)
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- Late stage iodination of biologically active agents using a one-pot process from aryl amines
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A simple and effective one-pot tandem procedure that generates aryl iodides from readily available aryl amines via stable diazonium salts has been developed. The operationally simple procedure and mild conditions allow late-stage iodination of a wide range of aryl compounds bearing various functional groups and substitution patterns. A novel synthetic strategy involving the preparation of nitroaryl compounds followed by a chemoselective tin(ii) dichloride reduction and the use of the one-pot diazotisation-iodination transformation was also developed. The general applicability of this approach was demonstrated with the preparation of a number of medicinally important compounds including CNS1261, a SPECT imaging agent of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and IBOX, a compound used to detect amyloid plaques in the brain.
- Sloan, Nikki L.,Luthra, Sajinder K.,McRobbie, Graeme,Pimlott, Sally L.,Sutherland, Andrew
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p. 54881 - 54891
(2017/12/12)
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- Acidic ionic liquid supported on silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles as a green catalyst for one-pot diazotization-halogenation of the aromatic amines
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Acidic ionic liquid was immobilized on silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SILnP) and used as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the diazotization-iodination reaction of different aromatic amines under solvent-free conditions at room temperature. The diazonium salts that are formed by this catalyst are stable at room temperature and react rapidly with sodium iodide to produce aryl iodides in good to excellent yields. This method has some advantages such as low pollution, rapid access to products, simple work-up and easy separation of catalyst from the reaction mixture.
- Isaad, Jalal
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p. 49333 - 49341
(2014/12/10)
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- A one-pot method for the iodination of aryl amines via stable aryl diazonium silica sulfates under solvent-free conditions
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A convenient and rapid one-pot method for the synthesis of iodoarenes is developed which involves the sequential diazotization-iodination of aromatic amines with sodium nitrite, silica sulfuric acid and potassium iodide under solvent-free conditions at room temperature. Various aromatic amines possessing electron-withdrawing groups or electron-donating groups are converted into the corresponding aryl iodides in good yields. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
- Zarei, Amin,Hajipour, Abdol R.,Khazdoozd, Leila
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experimental part
p. 941 - 944
(2009/12/02)
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- Iodination of aryl amines in a water-paste form via stable aryl diazonium tosylates
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The diazotization of aryl amines at room temperature in paste form with NaNO2, p-TsOH and a small amount of water, followed by treatment with KI provides a new, simple, and effective route for the preparation of various aryl iodides. The water-paste and strong acid-free reaction conditions are environmentally friendly and compatible with acid-sensitive functional groups.
- Gorlushko, Dmitry A.,Filimonov, Victor D.,Krasnokutskaya, Elena A.,Semenischeva, Nadya I.,Go, Bong Seong,Hwang, Ho Yun,Cha, Eun Hye,Chi, Ki-Whan
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p. 1080 - 1082
(2008/09/18)
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- A new, one-step, effective protocol for the iodination of aromatic and heterocyclic compounds via aprotic diazotization of amines
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We have developed a convenient one-step preparation of aromatic and some heterocyclic iodides by the sequential diazotization-iodination of the aromatic amines with a KI/NaNO2/p-TsOH system in acetonitrile at room temperature. This method has general character and allows aryl iodides with either donor or acceptor substituents in various positions to be obtained from the corresponding amines in 50-90% yield. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
- Krasnokutskaya, Elena A.,Semenischeva, Nadya I.,Filimonov, Victor D.,Knochel, Paul
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- Perfluoroalkylated 4,13-diaza-18-crown-6 ethers: Synthesis, phase-transfer catalysis, and recycling studies
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(Chemical Equation Presented) A series of N,N′-dialkyl-4,13-diaza-18- crown-6 lariat ethers possessing two C8H17 (2), (CH 2)3C8F17 (3), (CH2) 3C10F21 (4), and (CH2) 2C8F17 (5) side arms were synthesized in good yields by N-alkylation of 4,13-diaza-18-crown-6. Potassium picrate could be extracted from an aqueous solution into an organic phase by all of the perfluoroalkylated macrocycles demonstrating their potential to be used as phase-transfer catalysts, and preliminary studies on a classical nucleophilic substitution established that they each gave higher catalytic activities under solid-liquid than under liquid-liquid phase-transfer conditions. The light fluorous macrocycles gave similar, if not better, catalytic activity compared to the parent, non-fluorinated phase-transfer catalyst 2 under solid-liquid conditions in conventional organic solvents in both an aliphatic and an aromatic nucleophilic substitution. N,N′-Bis(1H,1H,2H,2H,3H,3H-perfluoroundecyl)- 4,13-diaza-18-crown-6 (3) was recycled six times in the iodide displacement reaction of 1-bromooctane and four times in the fluoride displacement reaction of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene using fluorous solid-phase extraction without any loss in activity.
- Stuart, Alison M.,Vidal, Jose A.
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p. 3735 - 3740
(2008/02/03)
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- 1-Aryl-3,3-dialkyltriazenes: A convenient synthesis from dry arenediazonium o-benzenedisulfonimides - A high yield break down to the starting dry salts and efficient conversions to aryl iodides, bromides and chlorides
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This research comprises three parts. The first part regards the synthesis of 1-aryl-3,3-dialkyltriazenes 3 by reaction of dry arenediazonium o-benzenedisulfonimides 1, also coming from weakly basic aromatic amines with dimethylamine or diethylamine in aqueous solution at 0-5 °C. Yields were usually greater than 90% and there was the possibility of recovering the o-benzenedisulfonimide (5), which could be reused to prepare the salts 1. In the second part it was demonstrated that there is the possibility of reconverting the triazenes 3 into the starting stable dry salts 1 by using 5 as acid. The reactions were carried out in glacial acetic acid at 50-55 °C and normally afforded salts 1 in yields of around 90-99%. The third part concerns the setting up of two procedures for the conversion of 3 to aryl iodides 9, bromides 10 and chlorides 11. Procedure A used the corresponding aqueous hydrogen halides in acetonitrile at r.t. or 60 °C, sometimes in the presence of aqueous HBF4, sometimes Cu powder (25 examples, yields 65%-88%). Procedure B usually used anhydrous methanesulfonic acid and tetraalkylammonium halides in anhydrous acetonitrile at temperatures varying from r.t. to 80 °C, sometimes in the presence of Cu (16 examples, yields 65-88%).
- Barbero,Degani,Diulgheroff,Dughera,Fochi
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p. 2180 - 2190
(2007/10/03)
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- Halodediazoniations of dry arenediazonium o-benzenedisulfonimides in the presence or absence of an electron transfer catalyst. Easy general procedures to prepare aryl chlorides, bromides, and iodides
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The paper reports the results of a wide study aimed at preparing aryl chlorides 3 (19 examples), bromides 4 (19 examples), and iodides 5 (9 examples) by halodediazoniation of dry arenediazonium o-benzenedisulfonimides 1 with tetraalkylammonium halides 2. The reactions were carried out in anhydrous acetonitrile at room temperature (~20 °C) in the presence of copper powder and at 60 °C or room temperature without the catalyst. In optimal conditions the yields were from good to excellent (60 reactions, 61- 94% yield), with only a few exceptions (8 reactions, 51-55% yield). A good amount of the o-benzenedisulfonimide (7) was always recovered from the reactions and could then be reused to prepare salts 1. An interesting aspect of this research is the surprising role of the anion of o- benzenedisulfonimide (9) as an electron transfer agent.
- Barbero,Degani,Dughera,Fochi
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p. 3448 - 3453
(2007/10/03)
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- Nitrogen dioxide - Sodium iodide as an efficient reagent for the one- pot conversion of aryl amines to aryl iodides under nonaqueous conditions
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Successive treatment of aromatic amines with liquid nitrogen dioxide and powdered sodium iodide in acetonitrile at -20 °C, followed by usual work- up, gave the corresponding aryl iodides in good yield. This method worked especially well for less basic amines bearing electron-withdrawing substituents.
- Suzuki, Hitomi,Nonoyama, Nobuaki
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p. 4533 - 4536
(2007/10/03)
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- Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution in Microemulsions Stabilized by Chemodegradable Surfactants
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Systematic synthetic studies have been performed for the reaction of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) with hydroxide, iodide and aryl (phenyl, p-cresyl) oxide ions in oil-in-water microemulsions at 50 deg C.The n-octane-in-water microemulsion systems are stabilized by a chemodegradable trimethylammonium bromide (I) and 1-butanol as cosurfactant.A successful preparative approach has been also elaborated for the reaction of DNCB with n-hexylamine in microemulsion of surfactant I where the amine acts as a reagent and a cosurfactant.In all the studied systems the products have been isolated from the microemulsion medium in approx. 85-95percent yield without unfavourable processes as foaming and emulsification. Key words: micellar catalysis, nucleophilic aromatic substitution, chemodegradable surfactants
- Bieniecki, A.,Matuszewska, B.,Wilk, K. A.
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p. 1174 - 1181
(2007/10/02)
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- Organozinnverbindungen XXXIII. Die erste Komplexbildung zwischen Organozinn- und Nitroderivaten: Reactionen der Zinn-Alkyl-Bindung
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Although trimethylstannylbenzene in presence of MeCOCl*AlCl3 undergoes a carbodestannylation to give acetophenone, its 2-NO2, 3-NO2, 4-NO2, and 2,4-(NO2)2 derivatives (1a-d) exhibit a surprising, high activation of the aliphatic C-Sn bond (Me-Sn) which allows a single cleavage to give the corresponding dimethylchlorostannyl nitrobenzenes (2a-d) quantitatively without any aryl-Sn bond cleavage.A strong, hitherto unknown, intramolecular pentacoordination at the tin in 2a and 2d via complexation by the ortho nitro groups, is indicated by the IR, 1H, 13C, and 119Sn NMR spectral data.In contrast, reaction of iodine with 1a-d, or with 2a-d results in exclusive SEar ipso substitution of all stannyl groups.The mechanisms are discussed, preparative procedures and spectroscopic details are described.
- Al-Allaf, Talal A. K.,Kobs, U.,Neumann, W. P.
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- Nucleophilic Displacement in Polyhalogenoaromatic Compounds. Part 11. Kinetics of Protiodeiodination of Iodoarenes in Dimethyl Sulphoxide-Methanol
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The rates of methoxide-ion induced protiodeiodination of a number of polychloroiodobenzenes and their derivatives have been measured in dimethyl sulphoxide-methanol (9:1 v/v; 323.2 K).The true reagent under these conditions appears to be the dimethyl sulphoxide anion, and the rates of reaction in some cases appear to approach that expected of a diffusion controlled process.This corresponds to a major decrease in the efficacy of further activating substituents in the aromatic system, altough deactivating groups such as p-OMe still show large effects.Chlorine promotes protiodeiodination in the order of efficiency o-Cl > m-Cl > p-Cl; the trifluoromethyl group activates displacement in the order o-CF3 > p-CF3 > m-CF3, although with much less difference between isomeric sites. o-Nitro-groups promote protiodeiodination whereas the p-nitro-group encourages methoxydeiodination.No evidence of methoxydeiodination was found in attack of the polychloroiodobenzenes, although the rates of methoxydechlorination of the corresponding polychlorobenzenes suggest that in some cases this might occur.Evidence rejecting the possible SRN1 mechanism and supporting nucleophilic attack by a carbanionic species upon iodine is presented.
- Bolton, Roger,Moore, Clive,Sandall, John P.B.
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p. 1593 - 1598
(2007/10/02)
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