- Design, Synthesis and Enhanced BBB Penetration Studies of L-serine-Tethered Nipecotic Acid-Prodrug
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Nipecotic acid is considered to be one of the most potent inhibitors of neuronal and glial-aminobutyric acid (GABA) uptake in vitro. Due to its hydrophilic nature, nipecotic acid does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Large neutral amino acids (LAT1)-knotted nipecotic acid prodrug was designed and synthesized with the aim to enhance the BBB permeation by the use of carrier-mediated transport. The synthesized prodrug was tested in animal models of Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsions in mice. Further pain studies were carried out followed by neurotoxicity estimation by writhing and rota-rod test respectively. HPLC data suggests that the synthesized prodrug has improved penetration through BBB. Nipecotic acid-L-serine ester prodrug with considerable anti-epileptic activity, and the ability to permeate the BBB has been successfully synthesized. Graphical Abstract. Graphical Abstract.
- Dhanawat, Meenakshi,Gupta, Sumeet,Mehta, Dinesh Kumar,Das, Rina
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Read Online
- Synthesis, stability, and pharmacological evaluation of nipecotic acid prodrugs
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Nipecotic acid (1), one of the most potent in vitro inhibitors of neuronal and glial γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) uptake, is inactive as an anticonvulsant when administered systemically. To obtain in vivo active prodrugs of (1), we synthesized four new nipecotic acid esters (3-6), which were obtained by chemical conjugation with glucose, galactose, and tyrosine. These compounds were assayed to evaluate their in vitro chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis. In addition, their anticonvulsant activity was evaluated in vivo in Diluted Brown Agouti (DBA)/2 mice, an excellent animal model for the study of new anticonvulsant drugs. Esters (3-6) appeared stable, at various temperatures, in a pH 7.4 buffered solution and showed susceptibility to undergoing in vitro enzymatic hydrolysis. Intraperitoneally injected nipecotic acid (1)and esters (3-5)did not protect mice against audiogenic seizures; conversely, nipecotic tyrosine ester (6) showed a significant dose-dependent anticonvulsant activity. The in vivo protective activity of the ester (6) and the inefficiency of nipecotic acid (1) in the same experimental conditions suggest that this ester prodrug could be actively transported intact across the blood-brain barrier, beyond which it could be hydrolyzed.
- Bonina, Francesco Paolo,Arenare, Loredana,Palagiano, Francesco,Saija, Antonella,Nava, Felice,Trombetta, Domenico,De Caprariis, Paolo
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- NAPHTHO[2,1 -D]THIAZOLE DERIVATIVES, COMPOSITIONS THEREOF AND METHODS OF TREATING DISORDERS
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The present application relates to the compounds of formula (I) that inhibit CDK9, pharmaceutical compositions thereof and methods of making and using the same.
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Paragraph 0115
(2021/05/29)
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- PYRAZOLOPYRIDAZINE DERIVATIVES, PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF AND COMPOSITION FOR PREVENTING OR TREATING CANCER COMPRISING THE SAME
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The present invention is a pyrazolopyridazine derivative. A pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating cancer contains the pyrazolopyridazin derivative compound Hsp90 according to the present invention as an active ingredient, which can be used as Hsp90 a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating Hsp90-related diseases such as melanoma, brain tumor, breast cancer, lung cancer and the like. (by machine translation)
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- SUBSTITUTED (PIPERIDIN-1-YL)ARYL ANALOGUES FOR MODULATING AVILACTIVITY
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In one aspect, the disclosure relates to compounds useful to regulate, limit, or inhibit the expression of AVIL (advillin), methods of making same, pharmaceutical compositions comprising same, and methods of treating disorders associated with AVIL dysregulation using same. In aspects, the disclosed compounds, compositions and methods are useful for treating disorders or diseases in which the regulation, limitation, or inhibition of the expression of AVIL can be clinically useful, such as, for example, the treatment of cancer. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.
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Paragraph 0369; 0372
(2020/11/12)
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- Stereoselective Activity of 1-Propargyl-4-styrylpiperidine-like Analogues That Can Discriminate between Monoamine Oxidase Isoforms A and B
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The resurgence of interest in monoamine oxidases (MAOs) has been fueled by recent correlations of this enzymatic activity with cardiovascular, neurological, and oncological disorders. This has promoted increased research into selective MAO-A and MAO-B inhibitors. Here, we shed light on how selective inhibition of MAO-A and MAO-B can be achieved by geometric isomers of cis-and trans-1-propargyl-4-styrylpiperidines. While the cis isomers are potent human MAO-A inhibitors, the trans analogues selectively target only the MAO-B isoform. The inhibition was studied by kinetic analysis, UV-vis spectrum measurements, and X-ray crystallography. The selective inhibition of the MAO-A and MAO-B isoforms was confirmed ex vivo in mouse brain homogenates, and additional in vivo studies in mice show the therapeutic potential of 1-propargyl-4-styrylpiperidines for central nervous system disorders. This study represents a unique case of stereoselective activity of cis/trans isomers that can discriminate between structurally related enzyme isoforms.
- Knez, Damijan,Colettis, Natalia,Iacovino, Luca G.,Sova, Matej,Pi?lar, Anja,Konc, Janez,Le?nik, Samo,Higgs, Josefina,Kamecki, Fabiola,Mangialavori, Irene,Dol?ak, Ana,?akelj, Simon,Trontelj, Jurij,Kos, Janko,Binda, Claudia,Marder, Mariel,Gobec, Stanislav
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p. 1361 - 1387
(2020/03/10)
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- Optimization of Small Molecules That Sensitize HIV-1 Infected Cells to Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity
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With approximately 37 million people living with HIV worldwide and an estimated 2 million new infections reported each year, the need to derive novel strategies aimed at eradicating HIV-1 infection remains a critical worldwide challenge. One potential strategy would involve eliminating infected cells via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). HIV-1 has evolved sophisticated mechanisms to conceal epitopes located in its envelope glycoprotein (Env) that are recognized by ADCC-mediating antibodies present in sera from HIV-1 infected individuals. Our aim is to circumvent this evasion via the development of small molecules that expose relevant anti-Env epitopes and sensitize HIV-1 infected cells to ADCC. Rapid elaboration of an initial screening hit using parallel synthesis and structure-based optimization has led to the development of potent small molecules that elicit this humoral response. Efforts to increase the ADCC activity of this class of small molecules with the aim of increasing their therapeutic potential was based on our recent cocrystal structures with gp120 core.
- Abrams, Cameron F.,Chapleau, Jean-Philippe,Ding, Shilei,Grenier, Melissa C.,Pazgier, Marzena,Sherburn, Rebekah,Smith, Amos B.,Somisetti, Sambasivarao,Tolbert, William D.,Finzi, Andrés,Sch?n, Arne,Vézina, Dani
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supporting information
p. 371 - 378
(2019/12/02)
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- SMALL MOLECULES THAT SENSITIZE HIV-1 INFECTED CELLS TO ANTIBODY DEPENDENT CELLULAR CYTOTOXICITY
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Compounds and methods of treating HIV-1 in a human infected with HIV-1 or preventing HIV-1 infection in a human susceptible to infection with HIV-1 are provided. The compounds are of formula (I), (II), and (IA), wherein R1-R7, X, X', Y, Y', Z, and n are defined herein, and the methods comprises administering therapeutically effective amounts of these compounds to the human.
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Paragraph 00147
(2020/02/23)
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- Introduction of Cyclopropyl and Cyclobutyl Ring on Alkyl Iodides through Cobalt-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling
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A cobalt-catalyzed cross-coupling between alkyl iodides and cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, and alkenyl Grignard reagents is disclosed. The reaction allows the introduction of strained rings on a large panel of primary and secondary alkyl iodides. The catalytic system is simple and nonexpensive, and the reaction is general, chemoselective, and diastereoconvergent. The alkene resulting from the cross-coupling can be transformed to substituted cyclopropanes using a Simmons-Smith reaction. The formation of radical intermediates during the coupling is hypothesized.
- Andersen, Claire,Ferey, Vincent,Daumas, Marc,Bernardelli, Patrick,Guérinot, Amandine,Cossy, Janine
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supporting information
p. 2285 - 2289
(2019/03/29)
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- Proline-Based Allosteric Inhibitors of Zika and Dengue Virus NS2B/NS3 Proteases
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The NS2B/NS3 serine proteases of the Zika and Dengue flaviviruses are attractive targets for the development of antiviral drugs. We report the synthesis and evaluation of a new, proline-based compound class that displays allosteric inhibition of both proteases. The structural features relevant for protease binding and inhibition were determined to establish them as new lead compounds for flaviviral inhibitors. Based on our structure-activity relationship studies, the molecules were further optimized, leading to inhibitors with submicromolar IC50 values and improved lipophilic ligand efficiency. The allosteric binding site in the proteases was probed using mutagenesis and covalent modification of the obtained cysteine mutants with maleimides, followed by computational elucidation of the possible binding modes. In infected cells, antiviral activity against Dengue virus serotype 2 using prodrugs of the inhibitors was observed. In summary, a novel inhibitor scaffold targeting an allosteric site shared between flaviviral NS2B/NS3 proteases is presented whose efficacy is demonstrated in vitro and in cellulo.
- Millies, Benedikt,Von Hammerstein, Franziska,Gellert, Andrea,Hammerschmidt, Stefan,Barthels, Fabian,G?ppel, Ulrike,Immerheiser, Melissa,Elgner, Fabian,Jung, Nathalie,Basic, Michael,Kersten, Christian,Kiefer, Werner,Bodem, Jochen,Hildt, Eberhard,Windbergs, Maike,Hellmich, Ute A.,Schirmeister, Tanja
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p. 11359 - 11382
(2019/12/24)
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- MK2 INHIBITORS AND USES THEREOF
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The present invention provides compounds, compositions thereof, and methods of using the same.
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Paragraph 00604
(2014/10/03)
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- Design and synthesis of tag-free photoprobes for the identification of the molecular target for CCG-1423, a novel inhibitor of the Rho/MKL1/SRF signaling pathway
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CCG-1423 and related analogues represent a new class of inhibitors of Rho/MKL1/SRF-mediated gene transcription, a pathway that has been implicated in both cancer and fibrosis. The molecular target for these compounds is unknown. To facilitate its identification, a series of tag-free photoaffinity probes was designed and synthesized, each one containing a photoactivatable group and an acetylenic end group for subsequent attachment to a fluorescent tag using click chemistry. All were confirmed to maintain biological activity in a cell-based assay for inhibition of SRE-Luc expression. The functional activity of the most potent probe 24 was further confirmed in an assay for PC-3 cell migration. Photolysis of 24 in intact PC-3 cells followed by cell lysis, click ligation of a fluorescent dye, and gel electrophoresis revealed specific labeling of a single 24 kDa band that could be blocked with an active competitor. Future work will focus on identifying the labeled protein(s).
- Bell, Jessica L.,Haak, Andrew J.,Wade, Susan M.,Sun, Yihan,Neubig, Richard R.,Larsen, Scott D.
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supporting information
p. 966 - 973
(2013/07/11)
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- Optimization of novel nipecotic bis(amide) inhibitors of the Rho/MKL1/SRF transcriptional pathway as potential anti-metastasis agents
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CCG-1423 (1) is a novel inhibitor of Rho/MKL1/SRF-mediated gene transcription that inhibits invasion of PC-3 prostate cancer cells in a Matrigel model of metastasis. We recently reported the design and synthesis of conformationally restricted analogs (e.g
- Bell, Jessica L.,Haak, Andrew J.,Wade, Susan M.,Kirchhoff, Paul D.,Neubig, Richard R.,Larsen, Scott D.
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p. 3826 - 3832
(2013/07/25)
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- Identification of small-molecule inhibitors of Trypansoma cruzi replication
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We report the outcome of a high-throughput small-molecule screen to identify novel, nontoxic, inhibitors of Trypansoma cruzi, as potential starting points for therapeutics to treat for both the acute and chronic stages of Chagas disease. Two compounds wer
- Germain, Andrew R.,Carmody, Leigh C.,Dockendorff, Chris,Galan-Rodriguez, Cristina,Rodriguez, Ana,Johnston, Stephen,Bittker, Joshua A.,MacPherson, Lawrence,Dandapani, Sivaraman,Palmer, Michelle,Schreiber, Stuart L.,Munoz, Benito
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 7197 - 7200
(2012/01/15)
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- Identification of SD-0006, a potent diaryl pyrazole inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase
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Starting from an initial HTS screening lead, a novel series of C(5)-substituted diaryl pyrazoles were developed that showed potent inhibition of p38α kinase. Key to this outcome was the switch from a pyridyl to pyrimidine at the C(4)-position leading to analogs that were potent in human whole blood based cell assay as well as in a number of animal efficacy models for rheumatoid arthritis. Ultimately, we identified a clinical candidate from this substrate; SD-0006.
- Walker, John K.,Selness, Shaun R.,Devraj, Rajesh V.,Hepperle, Michael E.,Naing, Win,Shieh, Huey,Kurambail, Ravi,Yang, Syaulan,Flynn, Daniel L.,Benson, Alan G.,Messing, Dean M.,Dice, Tom,Kim, Tina,Lindmark,Monahan, Joseph B.,Portanova, Joseph
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scheme or table
p. 2634 - 2638
(2010/07/13)
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- Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of aminopyrimidine series of 5-HT1A partial agonists
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Aminopyrimidine 2 (4-(1-(2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)piperidin-3-yl)-N-cyclopropylpyrimidin-2-amine) emerged from a high throughput screen as a novel 5-HT1A agonist. This compound showed moderate potency for 5-HT1A in binding and functional assays, as well as moderate metabolic stability. Implementation of a strategy for improving metabolic stability by lowering the lipophilicity (c Log D) led to identification of methyl ether 31 (4-(1-(2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)piperidin-3-yl)-N-(2-methoxyethyl)pyrimidin-2-amine) as a substantially improved compound within the series.
- Dounay, Amy B.,Barta, Nancy S.,Bikker, Jack A.,Borosky, Susan A.,Campbell, Brian M.,Crawford, Terry,Denny, Lynne,Evans, Lori M.,Gray, David L.,Lee, Pil,Lenoir, Edward A.,Xu, Wenjian
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scheme or table
p. 1159 - 1163
(2009/08/07)
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- Synthesis of 3-(3-piperidyl)-isoquinoline and 3-(4-piperidyl)-isoquinoline
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3-(3-Piperidyl)isoquinoline and 3-(4-piperidyl)isoquinoline have been synthesized from o-tolylaldehyde aldimines and the methylmethoxycarboxamides (Weinreb amides) of N-Boc-substituted nipecotic and isonipecotic acids.
- Kovalskiy,Perevalov
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experimental part
p. 957 - 964
(2010/03/26)
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- Constrained analogues of tocainide as potent skeletal muscle sodium channel blockers towards the development of antimyotonic agents
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1-Benzyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-3-carboxamide and 4-benzyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperazine-2-carboxamide, two conformationally restricted analogues of tocainide, were designed and synthesized as voltage-gated skeletal muscle sodium channel blockers. They showed, with respect to tocainide, a marked increase in both potency and use-dependent block.
- Catalano, Alessia,Carocci, Alessia,Corbo, Filomena,Franchini, Carlo,Muraglia, Marilena,Scilimati, Antonio,De Bellis, Michela,De Luca, Annamaria,Camerino, Diana Conte,Sinicropi, Maria Stefania,Tortorella, Vincenzo
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p. 2535 - 2540
(2008/12/23)
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- Quinoxalinylurea derivatives as a novel class of JSP-1 inhibitors
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A series of quinoxalinylurea-based inhibitors are synthesized and shown to be the novel and potent inhibitors against Jnk Stimulatory Phosphatase-1 (JSP-1), which is a special member of dual-specificity protein phosphatase (DSP) family. Biological assay a
- Zhang, Li,Qiu, Beiying,Xiong, Bing,Li, Xin,Li, Jingya,Wang, Xin,Li, Jia,Shen, Jingkang
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p. 2118 - 2122
(2008/02/01)
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- NOVEL CYCLIC AMINOBENZOIC ACID DERIVATIVE
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The present invention relates to cyclic amino benzoic acid derivatives which are effective in therapy of lipid metabolism abnormality, diabetes and the like as a human peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist, in particular, as an agonist against human PPARα isoform, and addition salts thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds. A cyclic amino benzoic acid derivative represented by the general formula (1) [wherein a ring Ar represents an aryl group which may have substituent, or the like; Y represents a C1-C4 alkylene, C2-C4 alkenylene, C2-C4 alkynylene, or the like; Z represents an oxygen atom, sulfur atom or - (CH2)n- (n represents 0,1 or 2) ; X represents a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, lower alkyl group which may be substituted with a halogen atom, or the like; R represents a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl group, and -COOR substitutes for an ortho position or metha position of binding position of ring W] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
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(2010/11/27)
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- PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOUNDS
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Fused pyrimidines of formula (I); wherein A represents a thiophene or furan ring; n is 1 or 2; R1 is a group of formula (II); wherein m is 0 or 1; R30 is H or C1-C6 alkyl; R4 and R5 form, together with the N atom to which they are attached, a 5- or 6-membered saturated N-containing heterocyclic group which includes 0 or 1 additional heteroatoms selected from N, S and O, which may be fused to a benzene ring and which is unsubstituted or substituted; or one of R4 and R5 is alkyl and the other is a 5- or 6-membered saturated N-containing heterocyclic group as defined above or an alkyl group which is substituted by a 5- or 6-membered saturated N-containing heterocyclic group as defined above; R2 is selected from formula (a); wherein R6 and R7 form, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, a morpholine, thiomorpholine, piperidine, piperazine, oxazepane or thiazepane group which is unsubstituted or substituted; and formula (b); wherein Y is a C2-C4 alkylene chain which contains, between constituent carbon atoms of the chain and/or at one or both ends of the chain, 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O, N and S, and which is unsubstituted or substituted; and R3 is an indazole group which is unsubstituted or substituted; and the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof have activity as inhibitors of P13K and may thus be used to treat diseases and disorders arising from abnormal cell growth, function or behaviour associated with P13 kinase such as cancer, immune disorders, cardiovascular disease, viral infection, inflammation, metabolism/endocrine disorders and neurological disorders. Processes for synthesizing the compounds are also described.
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(2008/06/13)
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- Synthesis of functionalized nitrogen heterocycles by radical decarboxylation of β- and γ-amino acids
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Iodinated or oxygenated nitrogen heterocycles are obtained by radical decarboxylation of β- and γ-amino acids. This mild, versatile reaction is applied to the synthesis of bioactive products, such as 4-arylpiperidines, hydroxylated piperidines, and new antifungal agents.
- Boto, Alicia,Hernandez, Rosendo,De Leon, Yolanda,Murguia, Jose R.,Rodriguez-Afonso, Abigail
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p. 673 - 682
(2007/10/03)
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- N-(Cycloalkylamino)acyl-2-aminothiazole Inhibitors of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2. N-[5-[[[5-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-2-oxazolyl]methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl] -4-piperidinecarboxamide (BMS-387032), a Highly Efficacious and Selective Antitumor Agent
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N-Acyl-2-aminothiazoles with nonaromatic acyl side chains containing a basic amine were found to be potent, selective inhibitors of CDK2/cycE which exhibit antitumor activity in mice. In particular, compound 21 {N-[5-[[[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2- oxazolyl]m
- Misra, Raj N.,Xiao, Hai-Yun,Kim, Kyoung S.,Lu, Songfeng,Han, Wen-Ching,Barbosa, Stephanie A.,Hunt, John T.,Rawlins, David B.,Shan, Weifang,Ahmed, Syed Z.,Qian, Ligang,Chen, Bang-Chi,Zhao, Rulin,Bednarz, Mark S.,Kellar, Kristen A.,Mulheron, Janet G.,Batorsky, Roberta,Roongta, Urvashi,Kamath, Amrita,Marathe, Punit,Ranadive, Sunanda A.,Sack, John S.,Tokarski, John S.,Pavletich, Nikola P.,Lee, Francis Y. F.,Webster, Kevin R.,Kimball, S. David
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p. 1719 - 1728
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of novel IKK-β inhibitors. Part 2: Improvement of in vitro activity
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A series of 2-amino-3-cyano-4-alkyl-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)pyridine derivatives was synthesized and evaluated as IκB kinase β (IKK-β) inhibitors. Substitution of an aminoalkyl group for the aromatic group at the 4-position on the core pyridine ring resulted i
- Murata, Toshiki,Shimada, Mitsuyuki,Kadono, Hiroshi,Sakakibara, Sachiko,Yoshino, Takashi,Masuda, Tsutomu,Shimazaki, Makoto,Shintani, Takuya,Fuchikami, Kinji,Bacon, Kevin B.,Ziegelbauer, Karl B.,Lowinger, Timothy B.
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p. 4013 - 4017
(2007/10/03)
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- N-[5-[[[5-alkyl-2-oxazolyl]methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]-carboxamide inhibitors of cyclin dependent kinases
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The present invention describes compounds of formula I: and enantiomers, diastereomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The formula I compounds are protein kinase inhibitors and are useful in the treatment of proliferative diseases, for exam
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- Methods for preventing and treating alopecia induced by chemotherapy or radiotherapy
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The invention provides a method for preventing or treating alopecia induced by chemotherapy or radiotherapy by administering to a mammalian specie in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I or II or a pharmaceutically ac
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- Highly water-soluble derivatives of the anesthetic agent propofol: In vitro and in vivo evaluation of cyclic amino acid esters
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Cyclic amino acid esters of propofol were synthesized in an attempt to develop new water-soluble anesthetic agents. Their solubility and stability in aqueous solution, and their ability to release propofol in vitro under physiological conditions were determined. L-Proline (6a) and racemic nipecotic acid (6c) esters were found to be highly soluble in water. Sufficiently stable at physiological pH (half-lives >6 h), the α-amino acid esters, 6a and 6b, were found to be quantitatively hydrolyzed in plasma and liver esterase solutions within a few minutes, showing prodrug behavior. The in vitro activity of the esters, determined either by the [ 35S]tert-butylbicyclophosphorothionate ([35S]TBPS) binding assay or electrophysiological measurements of the action at cloned human receptors, proved to be a mechanism involving allosteric modulation of GABAA receptors. Indeed, L-proline (6a), and racemic pipecolinate (6b) and nipecotate (6c), like propofol, reduced [35S]TBPS binding, whereas isonipecotate (6d) showed bicuculline-like behavior, increasing [ 35S]TBPS binding. A nonlinear relation between GABAA receptor binding affinity and lipophilicity, as assessed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, emerged as a trend. The in vivo anticonvulsant and anesthetic activities of prolinate 6a, intraperitoneally administered in water solution, showed that is a water-soluble propofol prodrug candidate for developing formulations useful for parenteral administration.
- Altomare, Cosimo,Trapani, Giuseppe,Latrofa, Andrea,Serra, Mariangela,Sanna, Enrico,Biggio, Giovanni,Liso, Gaetano
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- Pyridine derivatives
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Pyridine compounds of general formula: wherein —R1represents in which R11is hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, halogen, hydroxy, C1-12alkoxy, nitro, amino, C1-6alkylsulfonylamino, C1-6alkoxycarbonyl, C1-6alkylamino, di(C1-6alkyl)amino, C1-6alkanoylamino, phenyl C1-6alkylamino, phenylsulfonylamino, or —O—(CH2)n—R111; R2represents hydrogen or halogen; R3represents hydrogen, —CR31R32R33, or —NR34R35; R4is hydrogen, carbamoyl, CN, carboxyl, etc.; R5is amino, C1-6alkylamino, di C1-6alkylamino, etc. or salt thereof. The compound has an excellent anti-inflammatory activity, and other biological activity.
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- Methods for preventing and treating alopecia induced by chemotherapy or radiotherapy
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The invention provides a method for preventing or treating alopecia induced by chemotherapy or radiotherapy by administering to a mammalian specie in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I or II or a pharmaceutically ac
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- Inhibitors of protein isoprenyl transferases
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Compounds having the formula or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein R1is (a) hydrogen, (b) loweralkyl, (c) alkenyl, (d) alkoxy, (e) thioalkoxy, (f) halo, (g) haloalkyl, (h) aryl-L2—, and (i) heterocyclic-L2—; R2is selected from (a) (b) —C(O)NH—CH(R14)—C(O)OR15, (d) —C(O)NH—CH(R14)—C(O)NHSO2R16, (e) —C(O)NH—CH(R14)-tetrazolyl, (f) —C(O)NH-heterocyclic, and (g) —C(O)NH—CH(R14)—C(O)NR17R18; R3is substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic or aryl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl, and —P(W)RR3RR3′; R4is hydrogen, lower alkyl, haloalkyl, halogen, aryl, arylakyl, heterocyclic, or (heterocyclic)alkyl; L1is absent or is selected from (a) —L4—N(R5)—L5—, (b) —L4—O—L5—, (c) —L4—S(O)n—L5— (d) —L4—L6—C(W)—N(R5)—L5—, (e) —L4—L6—S(O)m—N(R5)—L5—, (f) —L4—N(R5)—C(W)—L7—L5—, (g) —L4—N(R5)—S(O)p—L7—L5—, (h) optionally substituted alkylene, (i) optionally substituted alkenylene, (j) optionally substituted alkynylene (k) a covalent bond, (l) and (m) are inhibitors of protein isoprenyl transferases. Also disclosed are protein isoprenyl transferase inhibiting compositions and a method of inhibiting protein isoprenyl transferases.
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- Carbamoyloxy derivatives of mutiline and their use as antibacterials
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PCT No. PCT/EP96/05874 Sec. 371 Date Dec. 4, 1998 Sec. 102(e) Date Dec. 4, 1998 PCT Filed Dec. 19, 1996 PCT Pub. No. WO97/25309 PCT Pub. Date Jul. 17, 1997Derivatives of mutiline of formula (1A) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and derivatives thereof, in which R1 is ethyl or vinyl, Y is a carbamoyloxy group, in which the N-atom is unsubstituted, or mono- or di-substituted, are useful in the treatment of bacterial infections.
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- Design and synthesis of anticonvulsive agents as γ-vinyl GABA-based potential dual acting prodrugs and their biological activities
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For the development of new anticonvulsive agents, γ-vinyl GABA (vigabatrin) and GABA mimetics derivatives were covalently coupled as potential dual acting prodrugs and evaluated for their anticonvulsive activities. Among the prepared compounds, 11 showed the most potent anticonvulsive activity, a shorter onset time and a broader spectrum compared to vigabatrin. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Kim, Yong-Chul,Zhao, Long-Xuan,Kim, Tae-Hyung,Je, Sun-Mi,Kim, Eun-Kyung,Choi, Heesung,Chae, Whi-Gun,Park, Minsoo,Choi, Jongwon,Jahng, Yurngdong,Lee, Eung-Seok
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p. 609 - 613
(2007/10/03)
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- Polymerization- and solvent-triggered cooperativity between copper(II) ions in the catalysis of the hydrolysis of amino esters by pyridine-based ligands
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Polymeric (2) and oligomeric (4, 5) materials made of repeating units of 2,6-diaminomethylpyridine and 4,4′-diphenylmethane have been synthesized with the number of monomeric units (n) ranging from 2 to 29. In 1:1 DMSO/water solutions, these materials are fully soluble and strongly bind CuII ions. The complexes catalyze to different extents the hydrolysis of the p-nitrophenyl esters of α-, β-, and γ-amino acids. Only CuII complexes of polymeric 2 (n ≥ 10) are more effective catalysts than free CuII ions in the cleavage of β-amino esters. Such enhanced reactivity, which in the case of β-alanine p-nitrophenyl ester (β-AlaPNP) amounts to almost two orders of magnitude when the comparison is made with the CuII complex of monomeric ligand (N,N'-benzyl)-2,6-aminomethylpyridine (3), is observed in 1:1 (v/v) DMSO/H2O only when a certain degree of polymerization is reached (6 3CH2OH/H2O the kinetic benefits of the complexes of polymer 2 (n = 10) diminishes and vanishes in 9:1 (v/v) CH3CH2OH/H2O. Analysis of rate data suggests that two neighboring CuII ions bound to the polymeric ligands cooperate for the occurrence of the hydrolytic process: one of them coordinates the amino group of the substrate so that the carbonyl of the carboxylate faces the second metal ion which delivers a bound hydroxyl acting as the nucleophilic species. The selectivity toward β-amino ester is likely associated with a rather rigid conformation of these metallopolymers which places two metal centers at the appropriate distance one from the other. It is suggested that the onset of the metal ion cooperativity is connected to a conformational change of the metallopolymer from an extended to a globular structure, likely triggered by hydrophobic forces.
- Scrimin, Paolo,Tecilla, Paolo,Tonellato, Umberto
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p. 1143 - 1153
(2007/10/03)
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- 2,3-diaminopropionic acid derivative
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The present invention relates to a 2,3-diaminopropionic acid derivative of the formula (1): STR1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The compounds of the present invention are useful as a platelet aggregation inhibitor, a cancer metastasis inhibitor, a wound healing agent or a bone resorption inhibitor.
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- 4-Heterocyclylpiperidines as selective high-affinity ligands at the human dopamine D4 receptor
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5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(1-(4-chlorobenzyl)piperidin-4-yl)pyrazole (3) was identified from screening of the Merck sample collection as a human dopamine D4 (hD4) receptor ligand with moderate affinity (61 nM) and 4-fold selectivity over human D2 (hD2) recepto
- Rowley, Michael,Collins, Ian,Broughton, Howard B.,Davey, William B.,Baker, Raymond,Emms, Frances,Marwood, Rosemarie,Patel, Shil,Patel, Smita,Ragan, C. Ian,Freedman, Stephen B.,Ball, Richard,Leeson, Paul D.
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p. 2374 - 2385
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of a Novel Heterospirocyclic 3-(N-Methyl-N-phenylamino)-2H-azirine and its Use as an Amino Acid Equivalent in the Preparation of a Model Tripeptide
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The synthesis of a novel heterospirocyclic 3-amino-2H-azirine based on the reaction between amide enolates and diphenylphosphorochloridate is described.This compound has been shown to be a useful amino acid equivalent and the synthesis of a model tripepti
- Villalgordo, Jose M.,Heimgartner, Heinz
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p. 7215 - 7222
(2007/10/02)
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- Prodrugs of antiinflammatory 3-acyl-2-oxindole-1-carboxamides
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Antiinflammatory and analgesic oxindole prodrugs of the formula STR1 wherein R10, R11, R12 and R13 are hydrogen, alkyl or halogen and R is methyleneoxyalkanoyl, methyleneoxyalkenoyl or alkenoyl.
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- Anti-thrombotic peptides and pseudopeptides
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Disclosed are novel peptides and pseudopeptides and pharmaceutical compositions thereof containing certain amino acids and pharmaceutical compositions thereof that inhibit platelet aggregation and thrombus formation in mammalian blood.
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- Esters of nipecotic and isonipecotic acids as potential anticonvulsants
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A variety of esters of nipecotic and isonipecotic acids were synthesized and evaluated for anticonvulsant activity. The ester group was varied in terms of lipophilicity and reactivity toward hydrolysis. The esters were screened against seizures induced by electroshock, pentylenetetrazol, and the putative γ-aminobutyric acid antagonist, bicuculline. The most significant activity was demonstrated by the p-nitrophenyl esters of nipecotic and isonipecotic acids against bicuculline-induced seizures. Esters of nipecotic acid were tested for in vitro inhibition of γ-aminobutyric acid and L-proline uptakes into mouse whole brain minislices. The p-nitrophenyl, n-octyl, and succinimidyl esters were the most potent inhibitors of γ-aminobutyric acid uptake. The uptake of γ-aminobutyric acid by the ester derivatives appeared to involve specific and nonspecific mechanisms.
- Crider,Tita,Wood,Hinko
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p. 1214 - 1219
(2007/10/02)
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