- [Diaquo{bis(p-hydroxybenzoato-κ1O1)}(1-methylimidazole- κ1N1)}copper(II)]: Synthesis, crystal structure, catalytic activity and DFT study
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Metal-organic hybrid complexes often exhibit large surface area, pore volume, fascinating structures and potential applications including catalytic applications. Hence a new metal-organic hybrid complex [Diaquo{bis(p-hydroxybenzoato-κ1O1)}(1-methylimidazole- κ1N1)}copper(II)] was synthesized using conventional method. Physico-chemical characterization of the complex was performed with FTIR spectroscopy, single crystal X-ray diffraction, TGA, EPR and FESEM. Single crystal X-ray diffraction study suggests it to be three dimensional with space group P212121 (orthorhombic). The crystal achieves its three-dimensional structure and stability through extensive intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Hirshfeld surface analysis, catalytic activity and DFT study of the complex was also performed. The synthesized complex acts as good catalyst in benzimidazole synthesis with good recyclability as catalyst up to 5th run.
- Brahman, Dhiraj,Chhetri, Sailesh,Kamath, Amarjit,McArdle, Patrick,Sinha, Biswajit
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- 1-Methylimidazolium ionic liquid supported on Ni@zeolite-Y: fabrication and performance as a novel multi-functional nanocatalyst for one-pot synthesis of 2-aminothiazoles and 2-aryl benzimidazoles
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In the present study, 1-methyl-3-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride-supported Ni@zeolite-Y-based nanoporous materials (Ni@zeolite-Im-IL) were synthesized and their structures were confirmed using different characterization techniques such as FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDX, XRD, BET and TGA-DTG analyses. In order to synthesize this multi-functional nano-system, zeolite-NaY was modified first, with exchanged Ni2+ ions and 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane (CPTES) as a coupling reagent and then functionalized to imidazolium chloride ionic liquid by N-methylimidazole. New multi-functional nano-material of Ni@zeolite-Im-IL demonstrated high activity in the catalytic synthesis of 2-aminothiazoles 3a–l by one-pot reaction of methylcarbonyls, thiourea and iodine at 80?°C in DMSO with good to excellent yields (85–98%). Also, the catalytic synthesis of 2-aryl benzimidazoles, 6a–m was performed by the condensational reaction of o-arylendiamine and aromatic aldehydes in EtOH at room temperature with excellent yields (90–98%). Advantages of this efficient synthetic strategy include higher purity and shorter reaction time, excellent yield, easy isolation of products, the good stability, activity and feasible reusability of the metallic ionic liquid nanocatalyst. These benefits have made this method more compatible with the principles of green chemistry. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
- Kalhor, Mehdi,Zarnegar, Zohre
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p. 519 - 540
(2021/12/03)
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- Design, preparation, biological investigations and application of a benzoguanamine-based nickel complex for the synthesis of benzimidazoles
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The new magnetic-supported benzoguanamine-based nickel complex was prepared, characterized by various procedures and used as a capable heterogeneous nano-catalyst for the synthesis of diverse 2-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazoles from the reaction o-phenylenedia
- Habibi, Davood,Heydari, Somayyeh,Karamian, Roya,Oliaei, Sajjad,Ranjbar, Nika
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- Water extract of onion catalyst: An economical green route for the synthesis of 2-substituted and 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazole derivatives with high selectivity
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An efficient, environmental friendly and substrate controlled method of synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives 3 and 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazole derivatives 4 with high selectivity has been achieved from the reaction of o-phenylenediamine 1 and aldehydes 2 in the presence of water extract of onion and selecting suitable reaction medium. This method is widely applicable for variety of aldehydes such as aromatic/aliphatic/heterocyclic aldehydes and 1,2-diamines to afford 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives 3 and 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazole derivatives 4 in good to excellent yields (up to 96%). The developed method of water extract of onion catalysis produced 2-substituted benzimidazoles 3 from aromatic aldehydes having electron-withdrawing groups, whereas aromatic aldehydes bearing electron donating groups selectively furnished 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazole 4 derivatives. The process described here has several advantages of cheap, low energy consumption, commercially available starting materials, operational simplicity and nontoxic catalyst. The use of water extract of onion makes this present methodology green and giving a useful contribution to the existing methods available for the preparation of benzimidazole derivatives. In addition, Hammett correlation of substituent constant (σ) vs percentage (%) yield has been established.
- Kaliyan, Prabakaran,Selvaraj, Loganathan,Muthu, Seenivasa Perumal
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supporting information
p. 340 - 349
(2020/12/01)
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- s-Tetrazine-functionalized hyper-crosslinked polymers for efficient photocatalytic synthesis of benzimidazoles
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Developing green-safe, efficient and recyclable catalysts is crucial for the chemical industry. So far, organic photocatalysis has been proved to be an environmentally friendly and energy-efficient synthetic technology compared with traditional metal catalysis. As a versatile catalytic platform, hyper-crosslinked polymers (HCPs) with large surface area and high stability are easily prepared. In this report, we successfully constructed two porous HCP photocatalysts (TZ-HCPs) featurings-tetrazine units and surface areas larger than 700 m2g?1through Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions. The rational energy-band structures and coexisting micro- and mesopores endow TZ-HCPs with excellent activities to realize the green synthesis of benzimidazoles (28 examples, up to 99% yield, 0.5-4.0 h) in ethanol. Furthermore, at least 21 iterative catalytic runs mediated by TZ-HCP1D were performed efficiently, with 96-99% yield. This study of TZ-HCPs sheds light on the wide-ranging prospects of application of HCPs as metal-free and green photocatalysts for the preparation of fine chemicals.
- An, Wan-Kai,Zheng, Shi-Jia,Zhang, Hui-Xing,Shang, Tian-Tian,Wang, He-Rui,Xu, Xiao-Jing,Jin, Qiu,Qin, Yuchen,Ren, Yunlai,Jiang, Song,Xu, Cui-Lian,Hou, Mao-Song,Pan, Zhenliang
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supporting information
p. 1292 - 1299
(2021/02/26)
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- Ionic liquid-immobilized hybrid nanomaterial: an efficient catalyst in the synthesis of benzimidazoles and benzothiazoles via anomeric-based oxidation
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Abstract: In this study, a novel ionic liquid immobilized on silica-coated cobalt-ferrite magnetic nanoparticles. This novel hybrid nanostructure (CoFe2O4@SiO2@PAF-IL) was characterized by various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques including Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the electron-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG). The catalytic activity of prepared nanomaterial was considered in the synthesis of the benzothiazole and benzimidazole derivatives. This method has several advantages such as good to excellent yields, short reaction times, solvent-free and environmentally-benign conditions, and simple work-up. Besides, nanocatalyst can be easily separated from the reaction mixture with the external magnetic field and reused several times without any loss of its catalytic activity. Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
- Bodaghifard, Mohammad Ali,Shafi, Saeideh
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p. 677 - 687
(2020/09/18)
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- Al2O3/CuI/PANI nanocomposite catalyzed green synthesis of biologically active 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives
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This work is generally focused on the synthesis of an efficient, reusable and novel heterogeneous Al2O3/CuI/PANI nanocatalyst, which has been well synthesized by a simple self-assembly approach where aniline is oxidized into PANI and
- Chandra, Ramesh,Hooda, Sunita,Kohli, Sahil,Rathee, Garima
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p. 7750 - 7758
(2021/06/16)
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- Bandgap engineering in benzotrithiophene-based conjugated microporous polymers: a strategy for screening metal-free heterogeneous photocatalysts
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Metal-free conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) as visible-light active and recyclable photocatalysts offer a green and sustainable alternative to classical metal-based photosensitizers. However, the strategy for screening CMP-based heterogeneous photocatalysts has not been interpreted up to now. Herein, we present a general strategy for obtaining excellent solid photocatalysts, which is to implement bandgap engineering in the same series of materials. As a proof of concept, three conjugated porous materials containing benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b′:5,6-b′′]trithiophene building blocks (BTT-CMP1, BTT-CMP2 and BTT-CMP3) were successfully constructed. They possess permanent porosity with a large specific surface area and excellent stability. By changing the linker between benzotrithiophene units, the bandgaps, energy levels and photoelectric performances including the absorption, transient photocurrent responses and photocatalytic performances of BTT-CMPs could be handily modulated. Indeed, BTT-CMP2 displayed the best catalytic activity for visible-light-induced synthesis of benzimidazoles among the three CMP materials, even higher than that of small molecule photocatalysts. As a metal-free photocatalyst, interestingly, the screened BTT-CMP2 also showed extensive substrate applicability and outstanding recyclability. Additionally, we have the opinion that this strategy will prove to be a guiding principle for screening superior CMP-based photocatalysts and broaden their application fields.
- Han, Songjie,Li, Ziping,Ma, Si,Zhi, Yongfeng,Xia, Hong,Chen, Xiong,Liu, Xiaoming
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supporting information
p. 3333 - 3340
(2021/02/26)
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- Camphor sulfonic acid catalyzed a simple, facile, and general method for the synthesis of 2-arylbenzothiazoles, 2-arylbenzimidazoles, and 3H-spiro[benzo[d]thiazole-2,3′-indolin]-2′-ones at room temperature
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A simple, mild, eco-friendly, general, and convenient approach has been developed for the synthesis of structurally diverse 2-arylbenzothiazole derivatives from the reactions of 2-aminothiophenol and various aromatic aldehydes using camphor sulfonic acid
- Kaur, Gurpreet,Moudgil, Radha,Shamim, Mussarat,Gupta, Vivek Kumar,Banerjee, Bubun
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supporting information
p. 1100 - 1120
(2021/01/20)
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- Method for catalytically synthesizing phenylbenzimidazole compound by using copper complex
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The invention relates to a method for catalytically synthesizing a phenylbenzimidazole compound by using a copper complex, which comprises the following steps: in the presence of alkali, taking benzimidazole and halogenated hydrocarbon as raw materials, taking the copper complex containing meta-carborane ligand as a catalyst, and conducting reacting at room temperature to prepare the phenylbenzimidazole compound. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the halogenated hydrocarbon compound which is low in cost and easy to obtain is used as the substrate, the reaction of benzimidazole and halogenated hydrocarbon is efficiently catalyzed by using the copper complex, the phenylbenzimidazole compound is synthesized by a one-pot method, the reaction condition is mild, the universality is good, the catalytic efficiency is high, few byproducts are produced, the cost is relatively low, the product is easy to separate, and lots of waste residues cannot be generated.
- -
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Paragraph 0047-0050
(2021/08/06)
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- Copper nanoparticles loaded polymer vesicles as environmentally amicable nanoreactors: A sustainable approach for cascading synthesis of benzimidazole
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This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of Cu nanoparticle loaded, surfactant free metallovesicles (CuNPs@vesicles) as nanoreactors to produce benzimidazoles via cascade reaction. The vesicles exhibited uniform size distribution, spherical m
- Shukla, Falguni,Das, Manita,Thakore, Sonal
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- UV-visible light-induced photochemical synthesis of benzimidazoles by coomassie brilliant blue coated on W-ZnO@NH2nanoparticles
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Heterogeneous photocatalysts proffer a promising method to actualize eco-friendly and green organic transformations. Herein, a new photochemical-based methodology is disclosed in the preparation of a wide range of benzimidazoles through condensation of o-phenylenediamine with benzyl alcohols in the air under the illumination of an HP mercury lamp in the absence of any oxidizing species catalyzed by a new photocatalyst W-ZnO@NH2-CBB. In this photocatalyst, coomassie brilliant blue (CBB) is heterogenized onto W-ZnO@NH2 to improve the surface characteristics at the molecular level and enhance the photocatalytic activity of both W-ZnO@NH2 and CBB fragments. This unprecedented heterogeneous nanocatalyst is also identified by means of XRD, FT-IR, EDS, TGA-DTG, and SEM. The impact of some influencing parameters on the synthesis route and effects on the catalytic efficacy of W-ZnO@NH2-CBB are also assessed. The appropriate products are attained for both the electron-withdrawing and electron-donating substituents in the utilized aromatic alcohols. Furthermore, preparation of benzimidazoles is demonstrated to occur mainly via a radical mechanism, which shows that reactive species such as ·O2-, OH and h+ would be involved in the photocatalytic process. Stability and reusability studies also warrant good reproducibility of the nanophotocatalyst for at least five runs. Eventually, a hot filtration test proved that the nanohybrid photocatalyst is stable in the reaction medium. Using an inexpensive catalyst, UV-vis light energy and air, as a low cost and plentiful oxidant, puts this methodology in the green chemistry domain and energy-saving organic synthesis strategies. Finally, the anticancer activity of W-ZnO nanoparticles is investigated on MCF7 breast cancer cells by MTT assay. This experiment reveals that the mentioned nanoparticles have significant cytotoxicity towards the selected cell line.
- Chen, Ruijuan,Jalili, Zahra,Tayebee, Reza
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p. 16359 - 16375
(2021/05/19)
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- Cu-Mn Bimetallic Complex Immobilized on Magnetic NPs as an Efficient Catalyst for Domino One-Pot Preparation of Benzimidazole and Biginelli Reactions from Alcohols
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An efficient magnetically recyclable bimetallic catalyst by anchoring copper and manganese complexes on the Fe3O4 NPs was prepared and named as Fe3O4@Cu-Mn. It was founded as a powerful catalyst for the domino one-pot oxidative benzimidazole and Biginelli reactions from benzyl alcohols as a green protocol in the presence of air, under solvent-free and mild conditions. Fe3O4@Cu-Mn NPs were well characterized by FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, VSM, TGA, EDX, DLS, and ICP analyses. The optimum range of parameters such as time, temperature, amount of catalyst, and solvent were investigated for the domino one-pot benzimidazole and Biginelli reactions to find the optimum reaction conditions. The catalyst was compatible with a variety of benzyl alcohols, which provides favorable products with good to high yields for all of derivatives. Hot filtration and Hg poisoning tests from the nanocatalyst revealed the stability, low metal leaching and heterogeneous nature of the catalyst. To prove the synergistic and cooperative effect of the catalytic system, the various homologues of the catalyst were prepared and then applied to a model reaction separately. Finally, the catalyst could be filtered from the reaction mixture simply, and reused for five consecutive cycles with a minimum loss in catalytic activity and performance. Graphic Abstract: A new magnetically recyclable Cu/Mn bimetallic catalyst has been developed for domino one-pot oxidation-condensation of benzimidazole and Biginelli reactions from alcohols. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
- Nasseri, Mohammad Ali,Rezazadeh, Zinat,Kazemnejadi, Milad,Allahresani, Ali
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p. 1049 - 1067
(2020/09/11)
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- Visible light initiated oxidative coupling of alcohols ando-phenylenediamines to synthesize benzimidazoles over MIL-101(Fe) promoted by plasmonic Au
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The use of visible light to initiate one-pot synergistic/cascade reactions is a green and energy saving strategy. In this manuscript, we report that MIL-101(Fe) can act as a multifunctional catalyst to realize the oxidative condensation betweeno-phenylenediamines and alcohols to synthesize benzimidazoles under visible light. The deposition of plasmonic Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) on MIL-101(Fe) led to significantly improved activity. Both controlled experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR) results revealed that the production of benzimidazoles fromo-phenylenediamines and alcohols involves three sequential steps,i.e., the oxidative dehydrogenation of alcohols to produce aldehydes, the condensation betweeno-phenylenediamines and the aldehydes to produce Schiff bases and their oxidation to form benzimidazoles,viaa superoxide radical (O2˙?)-mediated pathway. The promoting effect of plasmonic Au NPs in this reaction can be ascribed to the effective transfer of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-excited hot electrons to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of MIL-101(Fe), which led to the generation of more active O2˙?radicals. This study not only provides a green and sustainable way for the synthesis of benzimidazoles, but also highlights the great potential of using rationally designed plasmonic metal NP/MOF nanocomposites as multifunctional catalysts for light initiated one-pot tandem/cascade reactions.
- Hao, Mingming,Li, Zhaohui,Qin, Yuhuan,Xu, Chao
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p. 4161 - 4169
(2021/06/17)
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- Photocatalytic green synthesis of benzazoles from alcohol oxidation/toluene sp3C-H activation over metal-free BCN: effect of crystallinity and N-B pair exposure
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Porous borocarbonitride (P-BCN), with the characteristics of enhanced crystallinity and improved N-B pair exposure, was prepared with a simple KCl-assisted molten salt strategy. Efficient heterogeneous photocatalytic tandem synthesis of benzazoles from alcohol oxidation/toluene sp3C-H activation was achieved firstly over the metal-free P-BCN using visible light and the green oxidant O2, with only water as a by-product. Variouso-thio/hydroxy/aminoanilines and alcohols or toluenes could be converted to the corresponding 2-substituted benzothiazoles, benzoxazoles and benzimidazoles with good to excellent photocatalytic performance. The improved photocatalytic performance in comparison to bulk BCN should be due to the crystallinity-enhancement-induced improvement in charge separation and transmission. The increased N-B pair exposure promoted superoxide radical generation due to the electron-enriched N atoms, as well as improved oxidation ability due to the valence band constructed by the B 2p orbital. This work presents a green and efficient synthetic strategy towards benzazoles and other fine chemicalsviametal-free heterogeneous photocatalysis.
- Cheng, Hongmei,Gao, Xue,Jiang, Heyan,Sun, Bin,Zang, Cuicui
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p. 7955 - 7962
(2021/12/27)
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- Heterocyclic reaction inducted by Br?nsted–Lewis dual acidic Hf-MOF under microwave irradiation
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Use of green chemistry and alternative strategies has been explored to prepare diverse organic derivatives. The combination between heterogeneous catalyst, environmentally benign reaction and high-yielding methods is gaining momentum. Herein, a defective 6-connected Hf-MOF, named Hf-BTC, was efficiently synthesized and characterized for the heterogeneous catalysis under microwave irradiation. The MOF features including structural defect, porosity, acidity, and stability was analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction, N2 sorption isotherms, acid-base titration, and thermal gravimetric analysis. In the catalytic studies, the Br?nsted-Lewis dual acidic Hf-BTC was efficiently applied for the synthesis of the heterocyclic compounds via the microwave-assisted cycloaddition and condensation reactions. The reactions proceeded smoothly in the presence of the Hf-MOF with a broad scope of substrates provided the expected products in high to excellent yields (up to 99 %) for few minutes and the catalyst could be easily recycle over many consecutive reactions without loss of its reactivity and structure.
- Nguyen, Linh Ho Thuy,Nguyen, Trang Thi Thu,Dang, Minh-Huy Dinh,Tran, Phuong Hoang,Doan, Tan Le Hoang
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- Nanoporous Cu doped ZnS nanoparticles an efficient photo catalyst for the chemoselective synthesis of 2-substituted azoles via C-N arylation/ CSp3– H oxidation/ cyclization/dehydration sequence in visible light
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ZnS and Cu:ZnS nanoparticles were prepared by aqueous chemical method and characterized by several analytical tools. Nanoparticles have an average size of about ~ 18 nm and possess highly open mesopores, moderate surface area, and uniform morphology. UV–vis spectra designate that doping of Cu shifted the optical response of the ZnS nanoparticles in to a visible region. These Cu:ZnS nanoparticles were employed as a photocatalyst for chemoselective synthesis of 2-substituted azoles by the reaction of benzyl bromides and 1,2-Diaminobenzene or 2-Mercaptoaniline in visible light. Analogous experiments confirmed that the reaction were proceeds through one pot C–N arylation/ CSp3– H oxidation/ cyclization/dehydration sequence. The enhanced catalytic activity by doping could be attributed to the presence of trapping level generated by copper doping which augments the relaxation time of electron and holes so that they are easily available for the reaction. The method was also applicable for the synthesis of quinazolin-4(3H)-ones.
- Dandia, Anshu,Bansal, Sarika,Sharma, Ruchi,Kumar Mahawar, Dinesh,Rathore, Kuldeep S.,Lal Meena, Mohan,Parewa, Vijay
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- Development of homogeneous polyamine organocatalyst for the synthesis of 2-aryl-substituted benzimidazole and benzoxazole derivatives
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A new polyamine was prepared by the ring opening polymerization of epichlorohydrin and properly characterized. The catalytic property of the prepared polymer was assessed by synthesizing 2-aryl-substituted benzimidazole and benzoxazole derivatives by the conjugation of o-phenylenediamine/o-aminophenol with various aromatic aldehydes in the presence of atmospheric oxygen. Significant attributes of the present synthesis include short reaction time, good to excellent yield, high purity, easy reusability, and room temperature reaction. The reaction was carried out in the absence of any metal catalyst and other cooxidants.
- Kottayil, Hiba,Machingal, Shaibuna,Parackal B., Sherly mole,Alungal M., Shebitha,Theresa, Letcy V.,Govindan, Avudaiappan,Krishnapillai, Sreekumar
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p. 3310 - 3317
(2020/07/17)
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- Synthesis of benzimidazoles by two methods (C–H functionalization and condensation reaction) catalyzed by α-zirconium hydrogen phosphate-based nanocatalyst
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In this report, two heterogeneous nanocatalysts based on α-zirconium hydrogen phosphate were applied. These heterogeneous catalysts have demonstrated the promising catalytic activity for the synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazoles in two different methods. One of these reactions is the functionalization of the C–H bond and the formation of C–N bond, and the other reaction involves the condensation reaction between aldehydes and 1,2-phenylenediamine. The activity of both catalysts was compared in two methods, and the superior catalyst was introduced. The prepared catalysts are easily separated from the reaction mixture by centrifugation and reused several times without significant loss of activity.
- Hajipour, Abdol R.,Zakery, Saedeh,Khorsandi, Zahra
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p. 1919 - 1931
(2020/05/28)
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- Preparation and Characterization of New Heterogeneous Catalyst Polymer-Supported Reagent and its Application in the Green Synthesis of 2-Substituted Benzimidazoles
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A polymer-supported reagent (PSR) was synthesized by exploiting the propensity of Merrifield resin to undergo quaternization with 1-N-methylimidazole followed by anion metathesis reaction. The characterization of PSR was also made by various techniques in
- Joshi-Kulkarni, Kanchan S.,Ajalkar, Babasaheb D.,Kurane, Rajanikant M.,Jadhav, Jagnnath S.
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p. 459 - 464
(2021/02/02)
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- MWCNTs-ZrO2 as a reusable heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of N-heterocyclic scaffolds under green reaction medium
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A simple, efficient, and facile heterogeneous multi-walled carbon nanotubes-zirconia nanocomposite (MWCNTs-ZrO2) has been synthesized using natural feedstock coconut juice (água-de-coco do Ceará). The synthesized catalyst was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The heterogeneous nanocomposite has been used for one-pot synthesis of various N-heterocyclic compounds like pyrazoles, 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles, 2-arylbenzazoles, and 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones under green reaction medium at room temperature. This novel method has several advantages, such as short reaction time, simple work-up, excellent yield, and green reaction conditions. The catalyst was recycled up to four times without significant loss in catalytic activity.
- Halder, Bipasa,Banerjee, Flora,Nag, Ahindra
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- "Metal-Free" Nanoassemblies of AIEE-ICT-Active Pyrazine Derivative: Efficient Photoredox System for the Synthesis of Benzimidazoles
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Supramolecular nanoassemblies of an AIEE-ICT-active pyrazine derivative (TETPY) having strong absorption in the visible region and excellent transportability have been utilized as an efficient photoredox catalytic system for the synthesis of a variety of benzimidazoles having electron-withdrawing/electron-releasing/aliphatic groups under "metal-free"conditions. The reaction protocol involves the successful harvesting of visible light by TETPY assemblies to catalyze the coupling of o-phenylenediamine/substituted diamines and substituted aromatic/heterocyclic/aliphatic aldehydes under aerial conditions using mixed aqueous media as the reaction solvent. TETPY assemblies could activate aerial oxygen to generate superoxide for completing the vital proton abstraction step without the need for any external metal/base/oxidant. Moreover, all the products are purified by recrystallization from organic solvents. The TETPY assemblies also exhibited high efficiency in catalyzing the synthesis of 2-substituted benzothiazoles and quinazolines in excellent yields.
- Dadwal, Shruti,Kumar, Manoj,Bhalla, Vandana
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p. 13906 - 13919
(2020/11/20)
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- Three-Way Chemoselectivity Switching through Coupled Equilibria
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Controlling the chemoselectivity of reactions operating on complex mixtures, including those found in biological and petrochemical feedstocks or in the primordial soup from which life emerged, is generally challenging. The selectivity of imine oxidation c
- Puangsamlee, Thamon,Miljani?, Ognjen ?.
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supporting information
p. 5900 - 5904
(2020/08/05)
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- Catalytic activity of Co(II) Salen&at;KCC-1 on the synthesis of 2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazoles and benzimidazoles
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The synthesis, reactions and biological properties of imidazoles and benzimidazole make up the bulk of the ring chemistry. In this study, the reaction between different types of aromatic aldehydes and ammonium acetate with diphenylethanedione, in ethanol solvent, using the Co(II) Salen complex&at;KCC-1 catalyst which is produced from Co (II) complex which is supported onto the KCC-1 was studied. The results showed that the products were synthesized in good to excellent yields. The products were identified with IR and NMR spectroscopy. Also, the catalyst was identified by FT-IR, TGA, TEM, and XRD. Finally, the catalyst was reused several times without lack of catalytic activity.
- Ali Nasseri, Mohammad,Allahresani, Ali,Naghdi, Elaheh
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- An Efficient Greener Approach for N-acylation of Amines in Water Using Benzotriazole Chemistry
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A straightforward, mild and cost-efficient synthesis of various arylamides in water was accomplished using versatile benzotriazole chemistry. Acylation of various amines was achieved in water at room temperature as well as under microwave irradiation. The developed protocol unfolds the synthesis of amino acid aryl amides, drug conjugates and benzimidazoles. The environmentally friendly synthesis, short reaction time, simple workup, high yields, mild conditions and free of racemization are the key advantages of this protocol.
- Ibrahim, Tarek S.,Seliem, Israa A.,Panda, Siva S.,Al-Mahmoudy, Amany M.M.,Abdel-Samii, Zakaria K.M.,Alhakamy, Nabil A.,Asfour, Hani Z.,Elagawany, Mohamed
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- Visible-Light-Promoted Efficient Aerobic Dehydrogenation of N-Heterocycles by a Tiny Organic Semiconductor Under Ambient Conditions
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An efficient reusable catalytic system has been developed based on perylene diimide (PDI) organic semiconductor for the aerobic dehydrogenation of N-heterocycles with visible light. This practical catalytic system without any additives proceeds under ambient conditions. The minute aggregates of PDI molecules on the surface of SiO2 nanospheres form tiny organic semiconductors, resulting in high-efficiency photo-oxidative activity. Notably, the robustness of this method is demonstrated by the synthesis of a wide range of N-heteroarenes, gram-scale experiments as well as reusability tests.
- Su, Chenliang,Yu, Kunyi,Zhang, Hanjie,Zhu, Yongfa
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supporting information
p. 1956 - 1960
(2020/04/10)
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- A one-pot synthesis of benzimidazoles via aerobic oxidative condensation of benzyl alcohols with o-phenylenediamines catalyzed by [MIMPs]+Cl-/NaNO2/TEMPO
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The ionic liquid 1-methyl-3-(3-sulfopropyl)imidazolium chloride ([MIMPs]+Cl-) in combination with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) and sodium nitrite (NaNO2) as a catalytic system demonstrates high efficiency in the one-pot two-step aerobic oxidative condensation of benzyl alcohols with 1,2-phenylenediamines to give benzimidazoles. Various benzimidazoles are obtained in good to excellent yields by this strategy.
- Geng, Zhenzhen,Zhang, Hong-Yu,Yin, Guohui,Zhang, Yuecheng,Zhao, Jiquan
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p. 557 - 565
(2020/03/30)
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- Selective photocatalytic oxidation of aromatic alcohols to aldehydes with air by magnetic WO3ZnO/Fe3O4.: In situ photochemical synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazoles
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Recently, visible light-driven organic photochemical synthesis has been a pioneering field of interest from academic and industrial associations due to its unique features of green and sustainable chemistry. Herein, WO3ZnO/Fe3O4 was synthesized, characterized, and used as an efficient magnetic photocatalyst in the preparation of a range of 2-substituted benzimidazoles via the condensation of benzyl alcohol and o-phenylenediamine in ethanol at room temperature for the first time. The key feature of this work is focused on the in situ photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohols to benzaldehydes under atmospheric air and in the absence of any further oxidant. This new heterogeneous nanophotocatalyst was characterized via XRD, FT-IR, VSM and SEM. Short reaction time, cost-effectiveness, broad substrate scope, easy work-up by an external magnet, and excellent product yield are the major advantages of the present methodology. A number of effective experimental parameters were also fully investigated to clear broadness and generality of the protocol. This journal is
- Esmaeili, Effat,Li, Bozhi,Maleki, Behrooz,Namaghi, Mina S.,Tayebee, Reza
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p. 40725 - 40738
(2020/11/23)
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- Method for synthesizing benzimidazole compound through copper catalysis
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The invention relates to a method for synthesizing a benzimidazole compound by copper catalysis. The method comprises the following steps: dissolving o-phenylene diamine, benzyl alcohol or substitutedbenzyl alcohol in an organic solvent, adding a copper catalyst, carrying out reactions at a room temperature for 3-6 hours, and separating and purifying the reaction product to obtain the benzimidazole compound. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of simple and green synthesis process, excellent selectivity, high yield and wide substrate range, and has great application potential in drug synthesis, natural product synthesis and the like.
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Paragraph 0038-0040
(2020/05/05)
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- Nickel catalysed construction of benzazoles: Via hydrogen atom transfer reactions
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Herein we report a homogeneous, phosphine free, inexpensive nickel catalyst that forms a wide variety of benzazoles from alcohol and diamines by a reaction sequence of alcohol oxidation, imine formation, ring cyclization and dehydrogenative aromatization. A reversible azo/hydrazo couple, that is part of the ligand architecture steers both the alcohol oxidation and dehydrogenation of the annulated amine under fairly mild reaction conditions. Interestingly, both the alcohol oxidation and amine dehydrogenation steps are directly mediated by hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), which is greatly facilitated by the reduced ligand backbone. The kH/kD for the amine dehydrogenation step, measured at 60 °C is 5.9, fully consistent with HAT as the rate determining factor during this step. This is a unique scenario where two consecutive oxidation steps towards benzazole formation undergo HAT, which has been substantiated via kinetic studies, KIE determination and intermediate isolation. This journal is
- Adhikari, Debashis,Bains, Amreen K.,Dey, Dhananjay,Kundu, Abhishek,Yadav, Sudha
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p. 6495 - 6500
(2020/11/13)
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- New synthesis method of thiabendazole
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The invention relates to a new synthetic route of a drug commonly named as thiabendazole. Thiazole-4-formaldehyde is used as a raw material, and is condensed with hydroxylamine hydrochloride to obtainthiazole-4-formaldoxime, thiazole-4-formaldoxime is subjected to chlorination by using NCS, and then reacts with aniline to obtain N-phenylthiazole-4-methylamine oxime, then N-phenylthiazole-4-methylamine oxime reacts with p-trifluoromethyl benzoyl chloride to obtain an amidoxime ester, and finally a visible-light-catalyzed free radical reaction is adopted for cyclization to obtain thiazole. According to the method, the visible-light-catalyzed free radical reaction is used to the synthesis of thiabendazole for the first time, the reaction conditions of a high temperature and a strong acid inthe traditional synthesis method are avoided, and thereby the reaction is greener and milder. The method has a broad spectrum, and can also be used for synthesis of imidazole compounds Ia-Ial.
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Paragraph 0026; 0035; 0036; 0037; 0038; 0162; 0163
(2020/02/20)
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- Synthesis and characterization of a new poly(N–heterocyclic carbene Cu complex) immobilized on nano–silica, (CuII–NHCs)n@nSiO2, and its application as an efficient and reusable catalyst in the synthesis of benzimidazoles,
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The present study describes the synthesis and characterization of a new poly(N–heterocyclic carbene Cu complex) immobilized on nano silica, (CuII–NHCs)n@nSiO2. The (CuII–NHCs)n@nSiO2 dendri
- Khajehzadeh, Mostafa,Moghadam, Majid,Jamehbozorgi, Saeed
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p. 173 - 189
(2018/10/21)
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- Metal-free selective synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazoles catalyzed by Br?nsted acidic ionic liquid: Convenient access to one-pot synthesis of N-alkylated 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles
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A novel efficient method for the selective synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazoles is described through condensation reaction of o-phenylenediamines with a wide rang of aliphatic, aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehyde substrates using Br?nsted acidic ionic liquid as a reusable catalyst under metal-free conditions at ambient temperature. Notably, Dodecylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([DodecIm][HSO4]) is the most efficient catalyst for good to excellent yields of the corresponding products (up to 98%). Subsequently, this protocol was successfully applied for the preparation of N-alkylated 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles in high to excellent yields via sequential one-pot reaction. In addition, catalysts are recycled at least four times without significant loss in activity.
- Senapak, Warapong,Saeeng, Rungnapha,Jaratjaroonphong, Jaray,Promarak, Vinich,Sirion, Uthaiwan
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p. 3543 - 3552
(2019/05/29)
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- Design, synthesis, characterization and antiproliferative activities of Ru(II) complexes of substituted benzimidazoles
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Synthesis of [Ru(PPh3)2(BZM)2Cl2] (BZM= LS1, LS2, LS3, LS4 and LS5) where LS1 = (1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-yl)methanethiol, LS2 = 2-(4-bromobutyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole, LS3 = 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole, LS4 = 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole and LS5= 4-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)aniline (BZM = benzimidazoles, PPh3 = triphenylphosphine) and metal complexes as MR, [Ru (PPh3)4Cl2], MLS1, MLS2, MLS3, MLS4 and MLS5 for use as potential anticancer compounds have been investigated. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, multinuclear NMR, UV-visible and ESI-MS spectroscopic techniques. The geometries of all complexes have been optimized by using density functional theory (DFT). The cytotoxicity effects of MR, MLS2 and LS1 were also investigated on Human cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa) by MTT assay, ROS generation and nuclear apoptosis assay. The percent cell viability assessed by MTT assay suggested that the synthesized MR, MLS2 and LS1 significantly reduce the viability of HeLa cells, in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) of MR, MLS2 and LS1 against HeLa cells was found 90.8, 81.8 and 115 μM, respectively. These compounds also induced the over production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as the condensed and fragmented nucleus, which supports the molecular mechanism of cell death by apoptosis. The investigations suggested that the compounds MR, MLS2 and LS1 induce the cell death in HeLa cells through apoptotic pathway.
- Singh, Ashok K.,Katheria, Snehlata,Kumar, Amrendra,Zafri, Asiff,Arshad, Mohd
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p. 2311 - 2318
(2019/09/04)
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- Zirconium based porous coordination polymer (PCP) bearing organocatalytic ligand: A promising dual catalytic center for ultrasonic heterocycle synthesis
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Herein, the efficient role of ultrasonic irradiation both in synthesis of Zr based porous coordination polymer (Zr-PCP) nanoparticles and boosting its catalytic activity, towards the benzimidazoles synthesis is represented. We use an amine based ligand (amino-terephthalate) for PCP and we exhibit that it can have a synergistic catalytic activity. In this work, a unique nano-engineering of cooperative and synergistic catalytic activity of zirconium, as a Lewis acid, and aminophenylene, as an organocatalyst, in the synthesis of heterocycles is presented for the synthesis of benzimidazole from cascade reaction of phenylene diamine with aldehyde at ambient temperature. Zr and amine groups of the Zr-PCP are active catalytic sites which in combination with the ultrasonic irradiation leads to a high selectivity and rapid catalytic production of benzylimidazoles. N2 adsorption-desorption along with BJH analyses confirm the microporosity of the catalyst and recyclability shows that the catalyst is green and sustainable heterogeneous microporous catalyst.
- Panahi, Paria,Nouruzi, Nasrin,Doustkhah, Esmail,Mohtasham, Hamed,Ahadi, Arefeh,Ghiasi-Moaser, Azra,Rostamnia, Sadegh,Mahmoudi, Ghodrat,Khataee, Alireza
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- Synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes under dry grinding conditions, promoted by a Lewis acid-surfactant-SiO2-combined nanocatalyst
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An in situ developed Lewis acid-surfactant-SiO2-combined (LASSC) nanocatalyst was used, for the first time, as a green and effective promoting medium for the electrophilic activation of aldehydes under solvent-free and dry grinding conditions. The advantages of using the LASSC nanocatalyst include avoiding the generation of wastewater containing sodium dodecyl sulfate and the use of toxic reagents, excellent reusability of the catalyst, and obtaining a high yield of bis(indolyl)methanes.
- Wu, Zhiqiang,Wang, Gang,Yuan, Shuo,Wu, Dan,Liu, Wanyi,Ma, Baojun,Bi, Shuxian,Zhan, Haijuan,Chen, Xiaoyan
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supporting information
p. 3542 - 3546
(2019/07/10)
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- Synthesis of new TCH/Ni-based nanocomposite supported on SBA-15 and its catalytic application for preparation of benzimidazole and perimidine derivatives
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A stable nickel-decorated SBA-15 nanocomposite (Ni/TCH@SBA-15) was synthesized through surface modification of silica nanoparticles with 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane (CPTES) and thiocarbohydrazide (TCH) followed by metal–ligand coordination with Ni (II). The structure of this organometallic nanocomposite was characterized by Fourier transform-infrared, field emission-scanning electron microscopy, EDAX, transmission electron microscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy and N2 adsorption–desorption (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) techniques. The catalytic performance of Ni/TCH@SBA-15 (NNTS-15) was determined for the synthesis of 2-aryl-substituted benzimidazoles and 2,3-dihydroperimidines. The excellent yields within shorter reaction times, simplicity of catalytic methods, non-toxicity and clean reactions, mild reaction conditions and easy work-up procedure are the important merits of these synthetic protocols. Moreover, the Ni (II) bonded to the SBA-15 surface was stable under the catalytic reaction conditions resulting in its efficient recycling and reuse.
- Kalhor, Mehdi,Rezaee-Baroonaghi, Fahimeh,Dadras, Akbar,Zarnegar, Zohre
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- Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of UiO-66-NHSO3H via post-synthetic modification as a heterogeneous Br?nsted acid catalyst
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Efficient SO3H-functionalized metal organic framework, UiO-66-NH-SO3H, has been successfully prepared through a post-synthetic modification strategy of UiO-66-NH2 with Chlorosulfonic acid reagent. The UiO-66-NH2 has been synthesized by an ultrasound-assisted (US) method and compared with the conventional-heating method. The UiO-66-NH-SO3H was characterized by elemental analysis, SEM, PXRD and FT-IR to serve as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the benzimidazole formation and reductive amination reaction. Furthermore, the UiO-66-NH-SO3H catalyst exhibits good stability, general applicability and excellent recycling performance.
- Homaee, Mahsa,Hamadi, Hosein,Nobakht, Valiollah,Javaherian, Mohammad,Salahshournia, Behrang
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p. 152 - 161
(2019/04/03)
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- A novel ternary GO@SiO2-HPW nanocomposite as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of benzazoles in aqueous media
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A new solid acid catalyst, consisting of 12-phosphotungstic heteropoly acid (HPW) supported on graphene oxide/silica nanocomposite (GO@SiO2), has been developed via immobilizing HPW onto an amine-functionalized GO/SiO2 surface through coordination interaction (GO@SiO2-HPW). The GO@SiO2-HPW nanocomposite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The prepared nanocomposite could be dispersed homogeneously in water and further used as a heterogeneous, reusable, and efficient catalyst for the synthesis of benzimidazoles and benzothiazoles by the reaction of 1,2-phenelynediamine or 2-aminothiophenol with different aldehydes.
- Habibzadeh, Setareh,Firouzzadeh Pasha, Ghasem,Tajbakhsh, Mahmood,Amiri Andi, Nasim,Alaee, Ehsan
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p. 934 - 944
(2019/06/13)
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- Metallovesicles as smart nanoreactors for green catalytic synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives in water
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Metallovesicles are an emerging class of soft nanomaterials where spherical bilayer membranes, resulting from self-aggregation of amphiphilic metal complexes, amalgamate the advantages of metal specific catalytic properties and small hydrophobic cavities
- Kaur, Navneet,Kaur, Simranpreet,Kaur, Gurpreet,Bhalla, Aman,Srinivasan, Sesha,Chaudhary, Ganga Ram
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p. 17306 - 17314
(2019/07/31)
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- Synthesis, characterization and single crystal X-ray studies of pincer type Ni(II)-Schiff base complexes: Application in synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazoles
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Five new pincer type Ni(II)-Schiff base complexes of the general formula [NiL1(PPh3)] 1, [NiL2(PPh3)] 2, [NiL3(PPh3)] 3, [NiL4(PPh3)] 4 and [NiL4(4-MePy)] 5
- Agrahari, Bhumika,Layek, Samaresh,Ganguly, Rakesh,Dege, Necmi,Pathak, Devendra D.
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- Graphene oxide-catalyzed CSp3–H activation of methylarenes in aqueous medium: A unified metal-free access to amides and benzimidazoles
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Graphene oxide (GO)-catalyzed selective synthesis of amides via CSp3–H activation of methylarenes and consequent C–N bond formation with anilines under aqueous medium has been described. Oxygen functionality allied with GO surface played a dual role both as acid catalyst and oxidizing agent to some extent. However, GO has a copious effect on the reaction, shown by a high TOF value with TBHP as co-oxidant. The decisive role of carboxylic acid functional groups on GO nanosheets in this metal-free strategy has been confirmed and was monitored by various analytic techniques viz. Fourier transform-infrared, UV–Vis, Raman and XPS. A plausible mechanism was proposed by control experiments and by the isolation of the intermediate. Over-oxidation of methylarenes was not detected, and high recyclability of the carbocatalyst with its heterogeneous behavior facilitated the isolation and purification of the desired products. We have further explored the utility of this process for the chemoselective synthesis of benzimidazoles.
- Dandia, Anshu,Mahawar, Dinesh Kumar,Sharma, Ruchi,Badgoti, Ranveer Singh,Rathore, Kuldeep S.,Parewa, Vijay
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- Formation of Amidinyl Radicals via Visible-Light-Promoted Reduction of N-Phenyl Amidoxime Esters and Application to the Synthesis of 2-Substituted Benzimidazoles
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We have developed a new method for the synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazoles via amidinyl radicals generated by visible-light-promoted reduction of N-phenyl amidoxime esters in the presence of an iridium photocatalyst. This is the first report of the use of N-phenyl amidoxime esters as amidinyl radical precursors, and the first use of substituted benzene rings as amidinyl radical acceptors. This method widens the application range of substrates and overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional methods for the synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazoles, which requires harsh reaction conditions, involves difficult-to-prepare substituted o-phenylenediamine substrates, and produces acidic waste.
- Li, Gang,He, Ru,Liu, Qiang,Wang, Ziwen,Liu, Yuxiu,Wang, Qingmin
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p. 8646 - 8660
(2019/07/08)
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- A benzimidazole and synthetic method of derivative thereof (by machine translation)
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The present invention provides a benzimidazole and its derivative synthesis method, the method through the imidazole chloride catalyzed O-phenylenediamine cyclized, realizes the multi-functional chain dibasic and imidazole and 2 - substituted benzimidazole synthesis, method is simple and economic, and the practicability is strong. This invention does not have any other catalyst or additive, synthetic method has good functional group tolerance and excellent yield and purity, reaction time is short, and does not need the harsh reaction conditions, is suitable for industrial production. (by machine translation)
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Paragraph 0045; 0047; 0052; 0053
(2019/02/10)
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- Visible light promoted PANI@Au:CuO catalyzed sequential amination, azidation and annulation for the preparation of 2-arylbenzimidazoles
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Supramolecular assemblies of pentacenequinone derivative 4 act as reactors, reducing agents and shape directing agents for the preparation of PANI@Au:CuO nanocomposites (NCS). The as-prepared PANI@Au:CuO NCS serve as recyclable photocatalysts to construct 2-arylbenzimidazole derivatives under mild conditions through sequential amination, azidation and annulation reactions (visible light irradiation, room temperature and aerial conditions). The present protocol emphasizes the role of assemblies of the pentacenequinone derivative as visible light harvesting materials as well as oxidants in multiple C-N bond formation reactions. To our delight, the reaction also worked well under natural sunlight. The mechanistic studies supported the in situ generation of H2O2 during the reaction. Further, a portable paper based "dip catalyst" has been developed for carrying out sequential amination, azidation and annulation reactions.
- Chopra, Radhika,Kumar, Manoj,Neelam,Bhalla, Vandana
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supporting information
p. 3666 - 3674
(2019/07/09)
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- Aerobic {Mo72V30} nanocluster-catalysed heterogeneous one-pot tandem synthesis of benzimidazoles
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A novel heterogeneous one-pot protocol is developed for tandem aerobic synthesis of benzimidazoles through dehydrogenative coupling of primary benzylic alcohols and aromatic diamines co-catalysed by Keplerate-type {Mo72V30} polyoxometalate and N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI). The catalytic system also works well for the synthesis of benzimidazoles using benzaldehydes, as commonly used starting materials, in the absence of NHPI. The high activity of the solid nanocluster provides standard conditions avoiding current limitations of oxidation methods including high catalyst loadings. The spectral results and leaching experiments revealed that the nanocapsule preserved its structural integrity after being reused in consecutive runs.
- Khoshyan, Ashkan,Pourtahmasb, Mehrdad,Feizpour, Fahimeh,Jafarpour, Maasoumeh,Rezaeifard, Abdolreza
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- Virtual screening identification and chemical optimization of substituted 2-arylbenzimidazoles as new non-zinc-binding MMP-2 inhibitors
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Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a large family of zinc-dependent endoproteases known to exert multiple regulatory roles in tumor progression and invasiveness. This encouraged over the years the approach of MMP, and particularly MMP-2, targeting for anticancer treatment. Early generations of MMP inhibitors, based on aspecific zinc binding groups (ZBGs) assembled on (pseudo)peptide scaffolds, have been discontinued due to the clinical emergence of toxicity and further drawbacks, giving the way to inhibitors with alternative zinc-chelator moieties or not binding the catalytic zinc ion. In the present paper, we continue the search for new non-zinc binding MMP-2 inhibitors: exploiting previously identified compounds, a virtual screening (VS) campaign was carried out and led to the identification of a new class of ligands. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the benzimidazole scaffold was explored by synthesis of several analogues whose inhibition activity was tested with enzyme inhibition assays. By performing the molecular simplification approach, we disclosed different sets of single-digit micromolar inhibitors of MMP-2, with up to a ten-fold increase in inhibitory activity and ameliorated selectivity towards off-target MMP-8, compared to selected lead compound. Molecular dynamics calculations conducted on complexes of MMP-2 with docked privileged structures confirmed that analyzed inhibitors avoid targeting the zinc ion and dip inside the S1′ pocket. Present results provide a further enrichment of our insights for the design of novel MMP-2 selective inhibitors.
- Agamennone, Mariangela,Caradonna, Alessia,Di Pizio, Antonella,Laghezza, Antonio,Loiodice, Fulvio,Luisi, Grazia,Piemontese, Luca,Tortorella, Paolo
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- Microwave use of amidine compounds in the aqueous phase benzoate synthesis of benzimidazole compounds method
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The invention discloses a microwave the use of amidine compounds in the aqueous phase benzoate synthesis of benzimidazole compounds, in the aqueous phase under microwave conditions adding benzoic amidine compound under alkaline condition [...] into benzimidazole reaction, invention an environment-friendly, the operation is simple, cheap and safe, efficient process for preparing benzimidazole method. Compared with the prior art, this method not only can be applied to a large number of functional groups, the productive rate is high, few by-products, and the operation is simple, safe, low cost, environmental protection; .
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Paragraph 0045
(2019/03/28)
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- Method used for rapid preparation of benzo-heterocycle compound with physical grinding under solvent-free room temperature conditions
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The invention discloses a method used for rapid preparation of benzo-heterocycle compound with physical grinding under solvent-free room temperature conditions. According to the method, glacial aceticacid is taken as a catalyst; at solvent-free room temperature conditions, physical grinding is adopted, reaction of 2-substituted arylamines (2-mercapto arylamine, 2-aminophenol, and o-phenylenediamine) and aromatic aldehydes is carried out using physical grinding. The method is friendly to the environment, is simple in operation, is safe, is low in cost, and is high in efficiency. Compared withthe prior art, the advantages are that: the method is suitable for a large amount of functional groups, yield is high, less by-product is generated, operation is simple, the method is safe, cost is low, and the method is friendly to the environment.
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Paragraph 0018; 0027
(2019/01/21)
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