cas 73058-37-4, N-PYRAZINYLCARBONYLPHENYLALANINE METHYL ESTER

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Stress degradation study of bortezomib: Effect of co-solvent, isolation and characterization of degradation products by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and NMR and evaluation of the toxicity of the degradation products
Bortezomib (BTZ) is a first-in-class, potent reversible inhibitor of proteasome used in the treatment of multiple myeloma, the second most common hematological cancer. Stress degradation studies were performed to investigate the inherent stability of the drug according to ICH recommended guidelines Q1A (R2). Stress experiments were carried out in two ways using acetonitrile and methanol as co-solvents under various conditions. A selective stability-indicating LC-MS method has been developed to separate all degradation products of the drug on a Hibar-Purospher STAR, C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column using a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile in the gradient mode. BTZ was found to undergo degradation under acidic, basic, neutral hydrolysis and oxidative conditions, whereas it was stable under other conditions. Thirteen degradation products (DP-1-DP-13) were identified using acetonitrile as a co-solvent. Additionally, three (DP-14-DP-16) degradation products were found where methanol was used as a co-solvent. A total of 16 (DP-1-DP-16) degradation products were characterized by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS/MS) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Major degradation products, DP-3, DP-6, DP-9, DP-10, DP-11 and DP-12, formed under oxidation conditions were isolated using preparative HPLC and characterized by 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicity of isolated DPs was tested on normal cell lines such as CHO-K1, HEK-293 and NRK-49F by MTT assays. This study revealed that they were around 2-6 times less toxic as compared with the standard control of the drug and DP-10 showed relatively more toxicity than other isolated DPs against rat kidney cells at 18.20 μM. In silico toxicity studies suggested that BTZ and its DPs can be hepatotoxic and genotoxic resulting in severe toxicity.
Udutha, Suresh,Borkar, Roshan M.,Shankar,Sony,Jala, Aishwarya,Vamshi Krisna,Kiran Kumar,Misra,Prabhakar,Srinivas
p. 8178 - 8191
(2021/05/21)

Development of peptidomimetic hydroxamates as PfA-M1 and PfA-M17 dual inhibitors: Biological evaluation and structural characterization by cocrystallization
Plasmodium parasites causing malaria have developed resistance to most of the antimalarials in use, including the artemisinin-based combinations, which are the last line of defense against malaria. This necessitates the discovery of new targets and the development of novel antimalarials. Plasmodium falciparum alanyl aminopeptidase (PfA-M1) and leucyl aminopeptidase (PfA-M17) belong to the M1 and M17 family of metalloproteases respectively and play critical roles in the asexual erythrocytic stage of development. These enzymes have been suggested as potential antimalarial drug targets. Herein we describe the development of peptidomimetic hydroxamates as PfA-M1 and PfA-M17 dual inhibitors. Most of the compounds described in this study display inhibition at sub-micromolar range against the recombinant PfA-M1 and PfA-M17. More importantly, compound 26 not only exhibits potent malarial aminopeptidases inhibitory activities (PfA-M1 Ki = 0.11 ± 0.0002 μmol/L, PfA-M17 Ki = 0.05 ± 0.005 μmol/L), but also possesses remarkable selectivity over the mammalian counterpart (pAPN Ki = 17.24 ± 0.08 μmol/L), which endows 26 with strong inhibition of the malarial parasite growth and negligible cytotoxicity on human cell lines. Crystal structures of PfA-M1 at atomic resolution in complex with four different compounds including compound 26 establish the structural basis for their inhibitory activities. Notably, the terminal ureidobenzyl group of 26 explores the S2′ region where differences between the malarial and mammalian enzymes are apparent, which rationalizes the selectivity of 26. Together, our data provide important insights for the rational and structure-based design of selective and dual inhibitors of malarial aminopeptidases that will likely lead to novel chemotherapeutics for the treatment of malaria.
Addlagatta, Anthony,Ding, Yongzheng,Ma, Chunhua,Marapaka, Anil Kumar,Pillalamarri, Vijaykumar,Reddi, Bharati,Sankoju, Priyanka,Sijwali, Puran Singh,Sudhakar, Renu,Zhang, Guozhen,Zhang, Yingjie
supporting information

(2021/12/01)

Design and synthesis of tripeptidyl furylketones as selective inhibitors against the β5 subunit of human 20S proteasome
A series of tripeptidic proteasome inhibitors with furylketone as C-terminus were designed and synthesized. Biochemical evaluations against β1, β2 and β5 subunits revealed that they acted selectively on β5 subunit with IC50s against chymotrypsin-like (CT-L) activity in micromolar range. LC-MS/MS analysis of the ligand-20S proteasome mixture showed that the most potent compound 11m (IC50 = 0.18 μM) made no covalent modification on 20S proteasome. However, it was identified acting in a slowly reversible manner in wash-out assay and the reversibility was much lower than that of MG132, suggesting the possibility of these tripeptidic furylketones forming reversible covalent bonds with 20S proteasome. Several compounds were selected for anti-proliferative assay towards multiple cancer cell lines, and compound 11m displayed comparable potency to positive control (MG132) in all cell lines tested. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetic (PK) data in rats indicated 11m behaved similarly (Cmax, 2007 μg/L; AUC0?t, 680 μg/L·h; Vss, 0.66 L/kg) to the clinical used agent carfilzomib. All these data suggest 11m is a good lead compound to be developed to novel anti-tumor agent.
Lü, Zirui,Li, Xiaona,Niu, Yan,Sun, Qi,Wang, Chao,Xi, Dandan,Xu, Fengrong,Xu, Ping,Zhou, Tongliang
(2020/03/10)

Discovery of Novel Peptidomimetic Boronate ClpP Inhibitors with Noncanonical Enzyme Mechanism as Potent Virulence Blockers in Vitro and in Vivo
Caseinolytic protease P (ClpP) is considered as a promising target for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections. In an unbiased screen of 2632 molecules, a peptidomimetic boronate, MLN9708, was found to be a potent suppressor of SaClpP function. A time-saving and cost-efficient strategy integrating in silico position scanning, multistep miniaturized synthesis, and bioactivity testing was deployed for optimization of this hit compound and led to fast exploration of structure-activity relationships. Five of 150 compounds from the miniaturized synthesis exhibited improved inhibitory activity. Compound 43Hf was the most active inhibitor and showed reversible covalent binding to SaClpP while did not destabilize the tetradecameric structure of SaClpP. The crystal structure of 43Hf-SaClpP complex provided mechanistic insight into the covalent binding mode of peptidomimetic boronate and SaClpP. Furthermore, 43Hf could bind endogenous ClpP in S. aureus cells and exhibited significant efficacy in attenuating S. aureus virulence in vitro and in vivo.
Ju, Yuan,He, Lihui,Zhou, Yuanzheng,Yang, Tao,Sun, Ke,Song, Rao,Yang, Yang,Li, Chengwei,Sang, Zitai,Bao, Rui,Luo, Youfu
supporting information
p. 3104 - 3119
(2020/03/04)

All Non-Carbon B3NO2 Exotic Heterocycles: Synthesis, Dynamics, and Catalysis
The B3NO2 six-membered heterocycle (1,3-dioxa-5-aza-2,4,6-triborinane=DATB), comprising three different non-carbon period 2 elements, has been recently demonstrated to be a powerful catalyst for dehydrative condensation of carboxylic acids and amines. The tedious synthesis of DATB, however, has significantly diminished its utility as a catalyst, and thus the inherent chemical properties of the ring system have remained virtually unexplored. Here, a general and facile synthetic strategy that harnesses a pyrimidine-containing scaffold for the reliable installation of boron atoms is disclosed, giving rise to a series of Pym-DATBs from inexpensive materials in a modular fashion. The identification of a soluble Pym-DATB derivative allowed for the investigation of the dynamic nature of the B3NO2 ring system, revealing differential ring-closing and -opening behaviors depending on the medium. Readily accessible Pym-DATBs proved their utility as efficient catalysts for dehydrative amidation with broad substrate scope and functional-group tolerance, offering a general and practical catalytic alternative to reagent-driven amidation.
Opie, Christopher R.,Noda, Hidetoshi,Shibasaki, Masakatsu,Kumagai, Naoya
supporting information
p. 4648 - 4653
(2019/03/17)

The: Ortho -substituent on 2,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylboronic acid catalyzed dehydrative condensation between carboxylic acids and amines
2,4-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylboronic acid is a highly effective catalyst for dehydrative amidation between carboxylic acids and amines. Mechanistic studies suggest that a 2:2 mixed anhydride is expected to be the only active species, and the ortho-substituent of boronic acid plays a key role in preventing the coordination of amines to the boron atom of the active species, thus accelerating the amidation. This catalyst works for α-dipeptide synthesis.
Wang, Ke,Lu, Yanhui,Ishihara, Kazuaki
supporting information
p. 5410 - 5413
(2018/05/30)

REDOX DEHYDRATION COUPLING CATALYSTS AND METHODS RELATED THERETO
This disclosure relates to synthetic coupling methods using catalytic molecules. In certain embodiments, the catalytic molecules comprise heterocyclic thiolamide, S-acylthiosalicylamide, disulfide, selenium containing heterocycle, diselenide compound, ditelluride compound or tellurium containing heterocycle. Catalytic molecules disclosed herein are useful as catalysts in the transformation of hydroxy group containing compounds to amides, esters, ketones, and other carbon to heteroatom or carbon to carbon transformations.
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(2017/08/01)

Synthesis and biological activity of peptide proline-boronic acids as proteasome inhibitors
On the basis of the application of proline-boronic acid as pharmacophore in the kinase inhibitors and our previous research results, using proline-boronic acid as warhead, two series of peptide proline-boronic acids, dipeptide proline-boronic acids (I) and tripeptide proline-boronic acids (II), were designed and synthesized. All the synthesized compounds were first evaluated for their biological activity against MGC803 cell, and then, the best compound II-7 was selected to test its anti-tumor spectrum on six human tumor cell lines and proteasome inhibition against three subunits. The results indicated that series II have much better biological activities than series I. The compound II-7 exhibited not only excellent biological activities with IC50 values of nM level in both cell and proteasome models, but also much better subunit selectivity. Thus, proline-boronic acid as warhead is reasonable in the design of proteasome inhibitors.
Han, Liqiang,Wen, Yanzhao,Li, Ridong,Xu, Bo,Ge, Zemei,Wang, Xin,Cheng, Tieming,Cui, Jingrong,Li, Runtao
p. 4031 - 4044
(2017/07/05)

TRIPEPTIDE BORONIC ACID OR BORONIC ESTER, PREPARATIVE METHOD AND USE THEREOF
The present invention discloses proteasome inhibitors of tripeptide boronic acids or boronic esters represented by Formula (I), preparative method and use thereof. The proteasome inhibitors are therapeutical agents for treating malignant tumor, various nervous system degenerative diseases, muscle cachexia or diabetes, wherein the malignant tumor is leukemia, gastric cancer, hepatocarcinoma or nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Paragraph 0036

(2016/11/07)

Benzoisothiazolone organo/copper-cocatalyzed redox dehydrative construction of amides and peptides from carboxylic acids using (EtO)3P as the reductant and O2 in air as the terminal oxidant
Carboxylic acids and amine/amino acid reactants can be converted to amides and peptides at neutral pH within 5-36 h at 50 °C using catalytic quantities of a redox-active benzoisothiazolone and a copper complex. These catalytic "oxidation-reduction condensation" reactions are carried out open to dry air using O2 as the terminal oxidant and a slight excess of triethyl phosphite as the reductant. Triethyl phosphate is the easily removed byproduct. These simple-to-run catalytic reactions provide practical and economical procedures for the acylative construction of C-N bonds.
Liebeskind, Lanny S.,Gangireddy, Pavankumar,Lindale, Matthew G.
supporting information
p. 6715 - 6718
(2016/06/14)

Design, synthesis and docking studies of novel dipeptidyl boronic acid proteasome inhibitors constructed from αα- and αβ-amino acids
A series of novel dipeptidyl boronic acid proteasome inhibitors constructed from αα- and αβ-amino acids were designed and synthesized. Their structures were elucidated by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, LC-MS and HRMS. These compounds were evaluated for their β5 subunit inhibitory activities of human proteasome. The results showed that dipeptidyl boronic acid inhibitors composed of αα-amino acids were as active as bortezomib. Interestingly, the activities of those derived from αβ-amino acids lost completely. Of all the inhibitors, compound 22 (IC50 = 4.82 nM) was the most potent for the inhibition of proteasome activity. Compound 22 was also the most active against three MM cell lines with IC50 values less than 5 nM in inhibiting cell growth assays. Molecular docking studies displayed that 22 fitted very well in the β5 subunit active pocket of proteasome.
Shi, Jingmiao,Lei, Meng,Wu, Wenkui,Feng, Huayun,Wang, Jia,Chen, Shanshan,Zhu, Yongqiang,Hu, Shihe,Liu, Zhaogang,Jiang, Cheng
supporting information
p. 1958 - 1962
(2016/04/05)

A convenient and efficient synthesis of dipeptidyl benzoxaboroles and their peptidomimetics
We have developed a convenient and efficient method for the synthesis of dipeptidyl benzoxaboroles and their peptidomimetics. The novel dipeptidyl benzoxaboroles were obtained by the protecting-group-free coupling of 6-amino-1,3-dihydro-2,1-benzoxaborol-1-ol with various N-(arylcarbonyl) phenylalanines. Bioisosteric replacement of the terminal amide moiety of dipeptidyl benzoxaboroles by 1,3,4-oxadiazoles or 4H-3,1-benzothiazin-4-one provided their peptidomimetics with good molecular diversity. These transformations were based on the pluripotency of methyl (S)-2-isothiocyanato-3- phenylpropanoate and were highlighted by mild reaction conditions, high atom efficiency, and good to excellent isolated yields. This method is a valuable addition to the development of novel drug-like boronic acid molecules. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart ? New York.
Fu, Zhengyan,He, Jiangpeng,Tong, Aiping,Xie, Yongmei,Wei, Yuquan
supporting information
p. 2843 - 2852
(2013/10/22)

PROCESS FOR MAKING BORTEZOMIB AND INTERMEDIATES FOR THE PROCESS
The invention relates to processes of making bortezomib of formula (1) enantiomers thereof and/or intermediates thereof, comprising at least one step of coupling a carboxylic acid with an amine, wherein the coupling step is performed in a presence of the compound of formula (8), wherein A is C1-C6 alkyl group, preferably wherein A is n-propyl group.
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(2012/05/04)

Chemical and biological evaluation of dipeptidyl boronic acid proteasome inhibitors for use in prodrugs and pro-soft drugs targeting solid tumors
Bortezomib, a dipeptidyl boronic acid and potent inhibitor of the 26S proteasome, is remarkably effective against multiple myeloma (MM) but not against solid tumors. Dose-limiting adverse effects from "on target" inhibition of the proteasome in normal cells and tissues appear to be a key obstacle. Achieving efficacy against solid tumors therefore is likely to require making the inhibitor more selective for tumor tissue over normal tissues. The simplest strategy that might provide such tissue specificity would be to employ a tumor specific protease to release an inhibitor from a larger, noninhibitory structure. However, such release would necessarily generate an inhibitor with a free N-terminal amino group, raising a key question: Can short peptide boronic acids with N-terminal amino groups have the requisite properties to serve as warheads in prodrugs? Here we show that dipeptides of boroLeu, the smallest plausible candidates for the task, can indeed be sufficiently potent, cell-penetrating, cytotoxic, and stable to degradation by cellular peptidases to serve in this capacity.
Milo, Lawrence J.,Lai, Jack H.,Wu, Wengen,Liu, Yuxin,Maw, Hlaing,Li, Youhua,Jin, Zhiping,Shu, Ying,Poplawski, Sarah E.,Wu, Yong,Sanford, David G.,Sudmeier, James L.,Bachovchin, William W.
experimental part
p. 4365 - 4377
(2011/09/15)

METHODS FOR PREPARING BORTEZOMIB AND INTERMEDIATES USED IN ITS MANUFACTURE
Provided herein are methods for preparing bortezomib and intermediates useful in the preparation of bortezomib. The present methods unexpectedly provide superior yields and purities, including optical purities, of bortezomib and the intermediates for the preparation of bortezomib.
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Page/Page column 12

(2009/03/07)

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of tripeptide boronic acid proteasome inhibitors
A series of tripeptide boronate proteasome inhibitors were designed and synthesized on the basis of our previously built tripeptide aldehyde 3D-QSAR models. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their proteasome-inhibitory activities in an isolated 20S rabbit proteasome, and selected compounds were evaluated for their antitumor activities in vitro against four human cancer cell lines. Biological results showed bulky and negative substituents at P2 position improved the proteasome-inhibitory potency obviously, which completely conformed to the theoretical models, while those at P3 position thoroughly deviated from the 3D-QSAR model. Most of the screened compounds showed less than 1 nM inhibitory potency and high selectivity against 20S proteasome, of which 7f is the most potent (IC50 = 0.079 nM) and twofold more active than bortezomib (IC50 = 0.161 nM). Cell viability indicated hydrophilic 4-hydroxyphenyl substituent at P2 or P3 position was not favorable to the cellular activities. Especially for the two hematologic cancer cell lines, HL-60 and U266, 7f inhibited them at the level of less than 10 nM and was more potent than the control bortezomib. It is being considered a promising new lead to be developed for the treatment of various cancers.
Zhu, Yongqiang,Yao, Shuyang,Xu, Bo,Ge, Zemei,Cui, Jingrong,Cheng, Tieming,Li, Runtao
experimental part
p. 6851 - 6861
(2009/12/24)

Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) discussion of dipeptidyl boronate proteasome inhibitors, Part I: Comprehensive understanding of the SAR of α-amino acid boronates
New series of dipeptidyl boronate inhibitors of 20S proteasome were designed and synthesized. The comprehensive understanding of the SAR was obtained by utilizing the variation of four substituents. From the screened compounds in enzyme, novel inhibitors 49 and 50 were identified to be highly potent druglike candidates with IC50 values of 1.2 and 1.6 nM, respectively, which showed better activities than the drug bortezomib on the market. Two hematologic human tumor cell lines, HL-60 and U266, were significantly sensitive to both candidates and showed nearly the same potency as the standard bortezomib with IC50 values less than 10 nM. But as for most of the eight human solid tumor cell lines, both candidates were more potent than the standard with the IC50 value range of 9.8-70 nM. The activity evaluation of the stereoisomers showed that changing R-isomers to S-isomers greatly reduced the potency and even induced inactivity.
Zhu, Yongqiang,Zhao, Xin,Zhu, Xinrong,Wu, Gang,Li, Yuejie,Ma, Yuheng,Yuan, Yunxia,Yang, Jie,Hu, Yang,Ai, Li,Gao, Qingzhi
supporting information; experimental part
p. 4192 - 4199
(2010/01/16)

NITRIC OXIDE DONATING PROSTAMIDES
Nitroderivatives of prostaglandins having improved pharmacological activity and enhanced tolerability are described. They can be employed for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension.
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(2009/04/25)

Mixing of peptides and electrophilic traps gives rise to potent, broad-spectrum proteasome inhibitors
The synthesis and evaluation of hybrid proteasome inhibitors that contain structural elements of the known inhibitors bortezomib, epoxomicin and peptide vinyl sulfones is described. From the panel of 15 inhibitors some structure activity relationships can be deduced with regard to inhibitory activity in relation to peptide recognition element, inhibitor size and nature of the electrophilic trap. Further, the panel contains one of the most potent peptide-based pan-proteasome inhibitors reported to date. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Verdoes, Martijn,Florea, Bogdan I.,Van Der Linden, Wouter A.,Renou, Didier,Van Den Nieuwendijk, Adrianus M. C. H.,Van Der Marel, Gijs A.,Overkleeft, Herman S.
p. 1416 - 1426
(2008/02/07)