- Synthesis of biaryl tertiary amines through Pd/norbornene joint catalysis in a remote C-H amination/Suzuki coupling reaction
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Here, we report on an efficient palladium/norbornene-catalyzed domino reaction of aryl halide, O-acyl hydroxylamine (R1R2N-OBz), and aromatic pinacol boronate (R-Bpin), selectively affording a series of biaryl tertiary amines in good to high yields with excellent functional group tolerance. This catalytic reaction provides a new opportunity for the convergent synthesis of biaryl amines from easily accessible starting materials.
- Ye, Changqing,Zhu, Hui,Chen, Zhiyuan
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- Electrochemical Cross-Dehydrogenative Aromatization Protocol for the Synthesis of Aromatic Amines
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The introduction of amines onto aromatics without metal catalysts and chemical oxidants is synthetically challenging. Herein, we report the first example of an electrochemical cross-dehydrogenative aromatization (ECDA) reaction of saturated cyclohexanones and amines to construct anilines without additional metal catalysts and chemical oxidants. This reaction exhibits a broad scope of cyclohexanones including heterocyclic ketones, affording a variety of aromatic amines with various functionalities, and shows great potential in the synthesis of biologically active compounds.
- Tao, Shao-Kun,Chen, Shan-Yong,Feng, Mei-Lin,Xu, Jia-Qi,Yuan, Mao-Lin,Fu, Hai-Yan,Li, Rui-Xiang,Chen, Hua,Zheng, Xue-Li,Yu, Xiao-Qi
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supporting information
p. 1011 - 1016
(2022/02/05)
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- I2/NaH2PO2-mediated deoxyamination of cyclic ethers for the synthesis of: N -aryl-substituted azacycles
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We have developed a protocol for efficient synthesis of N-aryl-substituted azacycles from aryl amines and cyclic ethers using I2/NaH2PO2 as the mediator. A diverse range of aryl amines and cyclic ethers undergo amination reaction to generate products in good to excellent yields with good functional group tolerance. This reaction can be easily scaled up to give N-aryl-substituted azacycles on a gram scale. Further chemical manipulation of the products enabled useful transformations of the quinoline ring, including bromination and acetylation. This journal is
- Chen, Tieqiao,Huang, Tianzeng,Li, Chunya,Li, Dongyang,Lin, Ying,Liu, Long,Tang, Zhi,Zhang, Jingjing
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supporting information
p. 21011 - 21014
(2021/12/04)
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- Product selective reaction controlled by the combination of palladium nanoparticles, continuous microwave irradiation, and a co-existing solid; ligand-free Buchwald-Hartwig aminationvs.aryne amination
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We have developed a continuous microwave irradiation-assisted Buchwald-Hartwig amination using our original Pd nanoparticle catalyst with a copper plate as a co-existing metal solid. In this methodology, a microwave-controlled product selectivity was achieved between Buchwald-Hartwig amination and aryne amination performed under strongly basic conditions and at a high reaction temperature, because a polar chemical species such as Ar-Pd-halogen might be activated selectively by microwave radiation. Moreover, our catalyst could be used repeatedly over 10 times, and the amount of Pd leaching could be suppressed to a low level.
- Akiyama, Toshiki,Arai, Masayoshi,Arisawa, Mitsuhiro,Haneoka, Hitoshi,Harada, Kazuo,Murai, Kenichi,Murakami, Yosuke,Ohki, Yuuta,Ohta, Ryousuke,Sako, Makoto,Sirimangkalakitti, Natchanun,Suzuki, Takeyuki,Takahashi, Naoyuki,Takehara, Tsunayoshi,Yamada, Makito
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supporting information
p. 8131 - 8137
(2021/10/29)
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- S(vi) in three-component sulfonamide synthesis: Use of sulfuric chloride as a linchpin in palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling
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Sulfuric chloride is used as the source of the -SO2- group in a palladium-catalyzed three-component synthesis of sulfonamides. Suzuki-Miyaura coupling between the in situ generated sulfamoyl chlorides and boronic acids gives rise to diverse sulfonamides in moderate to high yields with excellent reaction selectivity. Although this transformation is not workable for primary amines or anilines, the results show high functional group tolerance. With the solving of the desulfonylation problem and utilization of cheap and easily accessible sulfuric chloride as the source of sulfur dioxide, redox-neutral three-component synthesis of sulfonamides is first achieved. This journal is
- Wang, Xuefeng,Yang, Min,Ye, Shengqing,Kuang, Yunyan,Wu, Jie
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p. 6437 - 6441
(2021/05/19)
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- Coupling of Alternating Current to Transition-Metal Catalysis: Examples of Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling
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The coupling of transition-metal to photoredox catalytic cycles through single-electron transfer steps has become a powerful tool in the development of catalytic processes. In this work, we demonstrated that transition-metal catalysis can be coupled to al
- Bortnikov, Evgeniy O.,Semenov, Sergey N.
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supporting information
p. 782 - 793
(2020/12/01)
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- Amination of Aryl Halides Mediated by Electrogenerated Nickel from Sacrificial Anode
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Electrochemical C(sp2)?N couplings mediated by nickel salts generated from the sacrificial anode has been described for the first time. In this approach, the sacrificial nickel anode is employed as the sole source of nickel and the process, operationally simple to set up, enables the preparation of functionalized arylamine derivatives with moderate to good yields, under mild reaction conditions and without additional ligand. A cooperative process between the two electrodes is involved in the proposed mechanism.
- Daili, Farah,Sengmany, Stéphane,Léonel, Eric
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p. 2462 - 2469
(2021/06/28)
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- Mono/Dual Amination of Phenols with Amines in Water
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We herein describe a practical direct amination of phenols through a palladium-catalyzed hydrogen-transfer-mediated activation method to synthesize the secondary and tertiary amines. In this conversion, environmentally friendly water and inexpensive ammonium formate were used as solvent and reductant, respectively. A range of amines, including aliphatic amines, aniline, secondary amines, and diamines, could be coupled effectively by this method to achieve mono/dual amination and cyclization of phenols. This study not only provides a green and mild strategy for the synthesis of secondary and tertiary naphthylamines but also expands the synthesis of chloroquine in organic chemistry.
- Liang, Wanyi,Xie, Feng,Yang, Zhihai,Zeng, Zheng,Xia, Chuanjiang,Li, Yibiao,Zhu, Zhongzhi,Chen, Xiuwen
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supporting information
p. 8291 - 8295
(2020/10/12)
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- Copper-Catalyzed Electrophilic Amination of Alkoxyarylsilanes
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We report a copper-catalyzed amination reaction between simple alkoxyarylsilanes and N-benzoyloxyamines. Silver fluoride serves as a stoichiometric base as well as an indispensable activator that allows the catalytic process to proceed. Multiply alkoxylated arylsilanes, such as trialkoxyarylsilanes and dialkoxyarylsilanes were transformed into the corresponding tertiary anilines under mild reaction conditions.
- Hitoshio, Kenshiro,Saito, Hayate,Shimokawa, Jun,Yorimitsu, Hideki,Zhang, Qian
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supporting information
(2020/07/04)
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- Nickel-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Thioethers: A Combined Synthetic and Mechanistic Study
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Herein, we report a nickel-1,2-bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)ethane (dcype) complex for the catalytic Buchwald-Hartwig amination of aryl thioethers. The protocol shows broad applicability with a variety of different functional groups tolerated under the catalytic conditions. Extensive organometallic and kinetic studies support a nickel(0)-nickel(II) pathway for this transformation and revealed the oxidative addition complex as the resting state of the catalytic cycle. All the isolated intermediates have proven to be catalytically and kinetically competent catalysts for this transformation. The fleeting transmetalation intermediate has been successfully synthesized through an alternative synthetic organometallic pathway at lower temperature, allowing for in situ NMR study of the C-N bond reductive elimination step. This study addresses key factors governing the mechanism of the nickel-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig amination process, thus improving the understanding of this important class of reactions.
- Bismuto, Alessandro,Delcaillau, Tristan,Müller, Patrick,Morandi, Bill
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p. 4630 - 4639
(2020/05/19)
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- Redox-neutral: Ortho -C-H amination of pinacol arylborates via palladium(ii)/norbornene catalysis for aniline synthesis
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A palladium(ii)/norbornene cooperative catalysis enabled redox-neutral ortho-C-H amination of pinacol aryl- or heteroarylborates for the synthesis of structurally diverse anilines is reported. This method is scalable, robust (tolerance of air and moisture), phosphine ligand-free, and compatible with a wide range of functionalities. These practical features make this reaction amenable for industry. A plethora of synthetically very useful halogenated anilines, which often cannot be prepared via other transition-metal-catalyzed aminations, are readily produced using this method. Particularly, the orthogonal reactivity between pinacol arylborates and aryl iodides is demonstrated. Preliminary deuterium-labeling studies reveal a redox-neutral ipso-protonation mechanism of this process, which will surely inspire the future development of this field. Overall, the exceptionally broad scope (47 examples) and reliability of this procedure, together with the wide availability of pinacol arylborates, make this chemistry a valuable addition to the existing methods for aniline synthesis.
- Chen, Shuqing,Wang, Peng,Cheng, Hong-Gang,Yang, Chihui,Zhou, Qianghui
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p. 8384 - 8389
(2019/09/30)
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- Aromatic amine compound, EphB4 kinase inhibitor and its derivatives, and preparation methods thereof
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The invention provides an aromatic amine compound, an EphB4 kinase inhibitor and its derivatives, and preparation methods thereof. Aryl boronic acid or aryl boronate and O-benzoyl hydroxylamine compounds which are used as starting raw materials are stirred and reacted in an organic solvent at 30-100 DEG C in an air atmosphere under the action of a palladium catalyst, a norbornene derivative and analkali, and separation and purification are carried out after the reaction in order to obtain the aromatic amine compound. The method has the advantages of inexpensive and readily available raw materials, no halide ion residual after the completion of the reaction, and mild reaction conditions. The invention also provides the method for synthesizing the EphB4 kinase inhibitor and its derivatives.The EphB4 kinase inhibitor and its derivatives can be synthesized from the synthesized 3,5-diminated halogenobenzene or halogenoid benzene only through a simple step.
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Paragraph 0049-0051
(2019/11/04)
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- Redox-Neutral ortho Functionalization of Aryl Boroxines via Palladium/Norbornene Cooperative Catalysis
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Palladium/norbornene (Pd/NBE) cooperative catalysis, also known as the Catellani reaction, has become an increasingly useful method for site-selective arene functionalization; however, certain constraints still exist because of its intrinsic mechanistic pathway. Herein, we report a redox-neutral ortho functionalization of aryl boroxines via Pd/NBE catalysis. An electrophile, such as carboxylic acid anhydrides or O-benzoyl hydroxylamines, is coupled at the boroxine ortho position, and a proton as the second electrophile is introduced at the ipso position. This reaction does not require extra oxidants or reductants and avoids stoichiometric bases or acids, thereby tolerating a wide range of functional groups. In particular, orthogonal chemoselectivity between aryl iodide and boroxine moieties is demonstrated, which could be used to control reaction sequences. Finally, a deuterium-labeling study supports the ipso protonation pathway. This unique mechanistic feature could inspire the development of a new class of Pd/NBE-catalyzed transformations.Poly-substituted aromatics are ubiquitously found in drugs and agrochemicals. To realize streamlined synthesis, it is highly attractive if functional groups can be site-selectively introduced at unactivated positions with common arene starting materials. Here, a method is developed to directly introduce acyl and amino groups at unactivated ortho positions of readily available aryl boron compounds. Compared with the known ortho functionalization approaches, this method does not require stoichiometric bases, external oxidants, or reductants. Consequently, the reaction is chemoselective: a wide range of functional groups, including highly reactive aryl iodides, can be tolerated. The primary innovation lies in the use of a proton to terminate the ipso aryl intermediate and regenerate the active palladium catalyst. This unique mode of reactivity in the palladium/norbornene catalysis should open the door for developing new redox-neutral methods for site-selective arene functionalization.A redox-neutral ortho functionalization of aryl boroxines via palladium/norbornene cooperative catalysis is developed. The ortho amination and acylation are achieved with carboxylic acid anhydrides and O-benzoyl hydroxylamines as an electrophile, respectively, whereas protonation occurs at the ipso position. This transformation avoids using either extra oxidants and reductants or stoichiometric bases and acids. In addition, orthogonal chemoselectivity between aryl iodide and boroxine moieties is demonstrated for pathway divergence.
- Li, Renhe,Liu, Feipeng,Dong, Guangbin
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supporting information
p. 929 - 939
(2019/04/10)
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- Nickel-Catalyzed Decarboxylation of Aryl Carbamates for Converting Phenols into Aromatic Amines
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Herein, we describe a new catalytic approach to accessing aromatic amines from an abundant feedstock, namely phenols. The most reliable catalytic method for converting phenols to aromatic amines uses an activating group, such as a trifluoromethane sulfonyl group. However, this activating group is eliminated as a leaving group during the amination process, resulting in significant waste. Our nickel-catalyzed decarboxylation reaction of aryl carbamates forms aromatic amines with carbon dioxide as the only byproduct. As this amination proceeds in the absence of free amines, a range of functionalities, including a formyl group, are compatible. A bisphosphine ligand immobilized on a polystyrene support (PS-DPPBz) is key to the success of this reaction, generating a catalytic species that is significantly more active than simple nonsupported variants.
- Nishizawa, Akihiro,Takahira, Tsuyoshi,Yasui, Kosuke,Fujimoto, Hayato,Iwai, Tomohiro,Sawamura, Masaya,Chatani, Naoto,Tobisu, Mamoru
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supporting information
p. 7261 - 7265
(2019/05/16)
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- A General Palladium–Phosphine Complex To Explore Aryl Tosylates in the N-Arylation of Amines: Scope and Limitations
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The scope and limitations of the monoselective N-arylation of various amines by using aryl and hetaryl tosylates are presented. The air-stable and easily accessible Pd(OAc)2/CM-phos {CM-phos=2-[2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)phenyl]-1-methyl-1H-indole}catalyst system was able to deal with a wide range of aryl tosylate substrates as well as amine nucleophiles, including primary and secondary cyclic/acyclic aliphatic amines and anilines. NH-Bearing heterocycles such as indole, carbazole, pyrrole, 10-phenothiazine, and 10-phenoxazine were shown to be feasible coupling partners under this catalytic system. The described reaction conditions tolerate a wide range of functional groups and allow an array of aromatic amines as well as unsymmetrical amine products to be easily accessed from the various phenolic derivatives. Interestingly, this catalyst system even offers the opportunity to perform the reaction in water medium. We also report the intermolecular coupling of optically active α-central chiral amines with aryl tosylates without erosion of the enantiomeric purity.
- Choy, Pui Ying,Chung, Kin Ho,Yang, Qingjing,So, Chau Ming,Sun, Raymond Wai-Yin,Kwong, Fuk Yee
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supporting information
p. 2465 - 2474
(2018/09/10)
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- Synthesis of Arylamines via Non-Aerobic Dehydrogenation Using a Palladium/Carbon-Ethylene System
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The reaction of cyclohexanones with amines proceeded under an ethylene atmosphere in the presence of a catalytic amount of palladium/carbon to afford a variety of arylamines in good to high yields. The present reaction was carried out under completely non-aerobic conditions, and which is in contrast with the previously reported aerobic system. has wide applicability affording a variety of aromatic amines, and co-product of the reaction is only gaseous ethane. Thus, this method is environmentally friendly. This protocol was applied intramolecularly to provide a novel method for the construction of quinoline and isoquinoline compounds. (Figure presented.).
- Shimomoto, Yuya,Matsubara, Ryosuke,Hayashi, Masahiko
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supporting information
p. 3297 - 3305
(2018/08/07)
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- Three-Component Reactions of Arynes, Amines, and Nucleophiles via a One-Pot Process
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An unprecedented three-component reaction of arynes, tertiary amines, and nucleophiles has been demonstrated through ammonium salt intermediates. This protocol allows access to tertiary aniline derivatives containing the piperazine motif in good-to-excell
- Min, Gyoungwook,Seo, Jeongseob,Ko, Haye Min
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p. 8417 - 8425
(2018/07/15)
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- Modular ipso/ ortho Difunctionalization of Aryl Bromides via Palladium/Norbornene Cooperative Catalysis
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Palladium/norbornene (Pd/NBE) cooperative catalysis has emerged as a useful tool for preparing poly substituted arenes; however, its substrate scope has been largely restricted to aryl iodides. While aryl bromides are considered as standard substrates for Pd-catalyzed cross coupling reactions, their use in Pd/NBE catalysis remains elusive. Here we describe the development of general approaches for aryl bromide-mediated Pd/NBE cooperative catalysis. Through careful tuning the phosphine ligands and quenching nucleophiles, ortho amination, acylation and alkylation of aryl bromides have been realized in good efficiency. Importantly, various heteroarene substrates also work well and a wide range of functional groups are tolerated. In addition, the utility of these methods has been demonstrated in sequential cross coupling/ortho functionalization reactions, consecutive Pd/NBE-catalyzed difunctionalization to construct penta-substituted aromatics and two-step meta functionalization reactions. Moreover, the origin of the ligand effect in ortho amination reactions has been explored through DFT studies. It is expected that this effort would significantly expand the reaction scope and enhance the synthetic potential for Pd/NBE catalysis in preparing complex aromatic compounds.
- Dong, Zhe,Lu, Gang,Wang, Jianchun,Liu, Peng,Dong, Guangbin
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supporting information
p. 8551 - 8562
(2018/06/25)
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- Direct Borylation of Tertiary Anilines via C-N Bond Activation
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The first successful catalytic borylation of unactivated aromatic C-N bonds of tertiary anilines without the preactivation or any directing groups is demonstrated. The reactivity of both N,N-dialkylarylamines and N-arylpyrroles were investigated systematically, and the targeted products were furnished in moderate to good yields. The DFT calculation results indicated that the catalytic cycle is furnished via a five-membered cyclic transition-state due to the steric hindrance of the Ni/NHC catalytic system.
- Cao, Zhi-Chao,Li, Xiao-Lei,Luo, Qin-Yu,Fang, Huayi,Shi, Zhang-Jie
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supporting information
p. 1995 - 1998
(2018/04/16)
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- Biphenyl sulfonic acid ligands for catalytic C-N cross coupling of aryl halides with anilines and secondary amines
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The use of two biphenyl sulfonic acid ligands for the catalytic C-N cross coupling of aryl halides with anilines, 3-aminopyridine, and secondary amines is reported. Our results represent a significant improvement compared to state of the art methods especially with regards to the removal of palladium.
- Wittel, B?rbel,Vogel, Till,Scharl, Heiko,Nerdinger, Sven,Lehnemann, Bernd,Meudt, Andreas,Snieckus, Victor
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p. 4583 - 4593
(2018/07/31)
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- n-Butyllithium-mediated synthesis of N-aryl tertiary amines by reactions of fluoroarenes with secondary amines at room temperature
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A simple and facile method for the synthesis of aromatic tertiary amines by amination of fluoroarenes with secondary amines in the presence of n-butyllithium at room temperature was reported.
- Lin, Yingyin,Li, Meng,Ji, Xinfei,Wu, Jingjing,Cao, Song
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p. 1466 - 1472
(2017/02/18)
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- Nucleophilic Amination of Methoxy Arenes Promoted by a Sodium Hydride/Iodide Composite
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A method for the nucleophilic amination of methoxy arenes was established by using sodium hydride (NaH) in the presence of lithium iodide (LiI). This method offers an efficient route to benzannulated nitrogen heterocycles. Mechanistic studies showed that the reaction proceeds through an unusual concerted nucleophilic aromatic substitution.
- Kaga, Atsushi,Hayashi, Hirohito,Hakamata, Hiroyuki,Oi, Miku,Uchiyama, Masanobu,Takita, Ryo,Chiba, Shunsuke
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supporting information
p. 11807 - 11811
(2017/09/20)
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- New, potentially chelating NHC ligands; synthesis, complexation studies, and preliminary catalytic evaluation
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Two new N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands bearing 2-morpholino and 2-piperidinyl naphthyl wingtips were synthesised (2-SIMorNap and 2-SIPipNap). Nuclear magnetic resonance studies, in conjunction with crystal structures and derivatisation of the NHC salts using a chiral counteranion, revealed that the ligand wingtips are oriented anti with respect to each other. From the free carbene, palladium, ruthenium and iridium complexes were prepared. NHC-iridium dicarbonyl complexes were made in order to extract the TEP values for these ligands. The study showed that these NHC ligands are more electron-donating than normal, aryl-substituted NHCs. The palladium complexes were tested in representative Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions and compared to the state of the art systems. Ruthenium-catalysed ring-closing metathesis with these ligands was also performed. It was found that Grubbs’ 2nd generation catalyst incorporating 2-SIPipNap did not initiate at room temperature and required heating for RCM to occur.
- Ou, Arnold,Wu, Linglin,Salvador, Alvaro,Sipos, Gellert,Zhao, Guangzhen,Skelton, Brian W.,Sobolev, Alexandre N.,Dorta, Reto
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supporting information
p. 3631 - 3641
(2017/03/22)
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- A Method for Identifying and Developing Functional Group Tolerant Catalytic Reactions: Application to the Buchwald-Hartwig Amination
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Transition-metal catalysis has revolutionized organic synthesis, but difficulties can often be encountered when applied to highly functionalized molecules, such as pharmaceuticals and their precursors. This results in discovery collections that are enrich
- Richardson, Jeffery,Ruble, J. Craig,Love, Elizabeth A.,Berritt, Simon
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supporting information
p. 3741 - 3750
(2017/04/11)
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- Heterogeneous Rhodium-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Dehydrogenative Cross-Coupling: Nonsymmetrical Biaryl Amines
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The first heterogeneously catalyzed oxidative dehydrogenative cross-coupling of aryl amines is reported herein. 2-Naphthylamine analogues were reacted with various electron-rich arenes using a heterogeneous Rh/C catalyst under mild aerobic conditions, thus affording nonsymmetrical biaryl amines in excellent yields with high selectivities. This reaction provides a mild, operationally simple, and efficient approach for the synthesis of biaryls which are important to pharmaceutical and materials chemistry. A jab-cross move: A heterogeneously catalyzed oxidative dehydrogenative cross-coupling of aryl amines is reported. Aryl amines were treated with various arenes using a heterogeneous Rh/C catalyst under mild aerobic conditions to selectively afford cross-coupled products, and provides an efficient synthetic method for the preparation of nonsymmetrical biaryl amines by oxidative C-H activation.
- Matsumoto, Kenji,Yoshida, Masahiro,Shindo, Mitsuru
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supporting information
p. 5272 - 5276
(2016/04/26)
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- Buchwald-Hartwig Amination of (Hetero)Aryl Tosylates Using a Well-Defined N-Heterocyclic Carbene/Palladium(II) Precatalyst
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The cross-coupling of aryl tosylates with amines and anilines was achieved by using for the first time a Pd-NHC system based on the popular Pd-PEPPSI precatalyst platform in which the anchoring imidazol-2-ylidene ligand IPr (NMe2)2 incorporates two dimethylamino groups as backbone substituents enhancing both the electronic and steric properties of the carbene. The system optimization and its application scope are disclosed.
- Zhang, Yin,Lavigne, Guy,César, Vincent
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p. 7666 - 7673
(2015/08/18)
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- N-(Pyridin-2-yl)benzamide: Efficient ligand for the nickel catalyzed Chan-Lam cross-coupling reaction
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An efficient protocol for the Chan-Lam cross-coupling reactions of arylboronic acids with aryl or alkyl amines has been developed by employing simple N-(pyridin-2-yl)benzamide ligand with Ni(OAc)2·4H2O in the presence of TMG base. The reaction proceeded well with high yields by employing various N-nucleophiles at low catalytic loadings.
- Keesara, Srinivas
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p. 6685 - 6688
(2016/01/28)
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- Palladium-catalyzed amination of aryl sulfides with aliphatic amines
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Conditions for the palladium-NHC-catalyzed amination of aryl sulfides with aliphatic as well as aromatic amines were established. The KHMDS-mediated amination of heteroaryl sulfides could proceed without palladium. Based on the distinct difference in reactivity of C-Br and C-S bonds, a sequential amination of bromothioanisole can take place to install two different alkylamino groups onto the aromatic ring in one pot. A palladium-NHC precatalyst shows high efficiency for C-S bond cleavage for the amination of aryl sulfides with aliphatic amines or aromatic amines.
- Gao, Ke,Yorimitsu, Hideki,Osuka, Atsuhiro
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supporting information
p. 2678 - 2682
(2015/04/27)
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- Application of nanoparticle mediated N-arylation of amines for the synthesis of pharmaceutical entities using vit-E analogues as amphiphiles in water
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The first CuI-nanoparticle catalyzed inter and intramolecular N-arylation of amines using vitamin E analogues (TPGS) as amphipiles has been developed in water. Application of this transition metal-amphiphile C-N bond formation methodology is further extended for the synthesis of substituted indoles, bioactive natural product tryptanthrin and intermediates of pharmaceutical entities such as imatinib, nilotinib, selective D3 agonist/antagonist ligands, and oxacarbazepine. This journal is
- Kumar, Atul,Bishnoi, Ajay Kumar
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p. 20516 - 20520
(2015/03/30)
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- PROCESS FOR PREPARING AROMATIC AND HETEROAROMATIC AMINES
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A process is described for preparing aromatic and heteroaromatic amines of the general formula (I) Ar—NR1R2, in which an aromatic compound with the general formula (II) Ar—X is reacted in the presence of a catalyst with an amine of the general formula (III) H—NR1R2 and a base, wherein the catalyst is selected from transition metal complexes having one or more ligands with the general formula (IV).
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Paragraph 0039-0043
(2014/08/07)
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- 6π/10π-Electrocyclization of ketene-iminium salts for the synthesis of substituted naphthylamines
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An intramolecular 6π/10π-electrocyclization from ketene-iminium salts was developed for the preparation of naphthylamines. Various substituents on the nitrogen, on the aromatic ring, and on the olefin were studied. Tricyclic skeletons were obtained in few steps and good overall yields. The electrocyclization of ketene-iminium salts has been computationally explored by means of DFT calculations and their activation barriers were compared to the parent triene as well as the corresponding dienyl allenes and dienyl ketenes. Electrocyclizations for ketene-iminium salts were shown to be highly exergonic and have much smaller barriers to activation.
- Villedieu-Percheron, Emmanuelle,Catak, Saron,Zurwerra, Didier,Staiger, Roman,Lachia, Mathilde,De Mesmaeker, Alain
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p. 2446 - 2449
(2014/05/06)
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- Nickel-catalyzed reductive and borylative cleavage of aromatic carbon-nitrogen bonds in N-aryl amides and carbamates
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The nickel-catalyzed reaction of N-aryl amides with hydroborane or diboron reagents resulted in the formation of the corresponding reduction or borylation products, respectively. Mechanistic studies revealed that these reactions proceeded via the activation of the C(aryl)-N bonds of simple, electronically neutral substrates and did not require the presence of an ortho directing group.
- Tobisu, Mamoru,Nakamura, Keisuke,Chatani, Naoto
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p. 5587 - 5590
(2014/05/06)
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- Nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryltrimethylammonium triflates and amines
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Nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryltrimethylammonium triflates and amines was carried out under mild conditions. The reaction has a broad scope of substrates and can be performed by a one-pot procedure from an aryldimethylamine.
- Zhang, Xue-Qi,Wang, Zhong-Xia
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p. 1448 - 1453
(2014/03/21)
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- Ortho vs ipso: Site-selective pd and norbornene-catalyzed arene c-h amination using aryl halides
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A Pd and norbornene-catalyzed ortho-arene amination via Catellani-type C-H functionalization is reported. Aryl halides are used as substrates; N-benzoyloxyamines and isopropanol are employed as the amine source (oxidant) and reductant respectively. Exampl
- Dong, Zhe,Dong, Guangbin
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supporting information
p. 18350 - 18353
(2014/01/06)
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- Copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidative amination of arylboronic acid with aminal under base-free conditions
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A new process involving copper-catalyzed oxidative amination reaction of various arylboronic acids with aminals under mild conditions has been developed. The key copper-amide species involved in the C-N bond-forming process was generated via C-N bond cleavage of aminal under base-free conditions. Moderate yields of desired amination products can be obtained under mild conditions when air was served as oxidant and PhCO2H was used as an additive.
- Zhou, Yanping,Xie, Yinjun,Yang, Lei,Xie, Pan,Huang, Hanmin
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supporting information
p. 2713 - 2716
(2013/06/05)
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- Development of second generation gold-supported palladium material with low-leaching and recyclable characteristics in aromatic amination
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An improved process for the preparation of sulfur-modified gold-supported palladium material [SAPd, second generation] is presented. The developed preparation method is safer and generates less heat (aqueous Na 2S2O8 and H2SO4) for sulfur fixation on a gold surface, and it is superior to the previous method of preparing SAPd (first generation), which requires the use of the more heat-generating and dangerous piranha solution (concentrated H 2SO4 and 35% H2O2) in the sulfur fixation step. This safer and improved preparation method is particularly important for the mass production of SAPd (second generation) for which the catalytic activity was examined in ligand-free Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling reactions. The catalytic activities were the same between the first and second generation SAPds in aromatic aminations, but the lower palladium leaching properties and safer preparative method of second generation SAPd are a significant improvement over the first generation SAPd.
- Al-Amin, Mohammad,Arai, Satoshi,Hoshiya, Naoyoki,Honma, Tetsuo,Tamenori, Yusuke,Sato, Takatoshi,Yokoyama, Mami,Ishii, Akira,Takeuchi, Masashi,Maruko, Tomohiro,Shuto, Satoshi,Arisawa, Mitsuhiro
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p. 7575 - 7581
(2013/09/02)
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- Transition-metal-free electrophilic amination of arylboroxines
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A transition-metal-free strategy to construct C(sp2)-N bonds using arylboroxines and O-benzoyl hydroxylamines as coupling partners has been developed. This transformation provides a useful method to access various aromatic amines.
- Xiao, Qing,Tian, Leiming,Tan, Renchang,Xia, Ying,Qiu, Di,Zhang, Yan,Wang, Jianbo
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experimental part
p. 4230 - 4233
(2012/09/22)
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- [Pd(IPr*)(acac)CI]: An easily synthesized, bulky precatalyst for C-N bond formation
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A very straightforward synthesis of [Pd(IPr*)(acac)Cl] has been developed from commercially available Pd(acac)2 and the easily prepared IPr*·HCl (acac = acetylacetonate; IPr* = N,N′-bis(2,6-bis(diphenylmethyl)-4-methylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene). The reactivity of the resulting complex [Pd(IPr*)(acac)Cl] (1) as a highly active PdII precatalyst for the Buchwald-Hartwig arylamination coupling has been explored. A wide range of substrates with varying electronic and steric demands of both coupling partners has been screened successfully. The chemoselectivity of the reaction was also explored by using aryl heterodihalides.
- Meiries, Sebastien,Chartoire, Anthony,Slawin, Alexandra M. Z.,Nolan, Steven P.
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experimental part
p. 3402 - 3409
(2012/06/04)
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- Synthesis, structural characterization, and catalytic activity of IPrNi(styrene)2 in the amination of aryl tosylates
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A novel bis-styrene IPrNi0 derivative has been synthesized from the reaction of Ni(COD)2 and free 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl) imidazolidene (IPr) ligand in the presence of styrene. The complex has been characterized by spectroscopic data as well as by X-ray crystallography. Its catalytic performance in the amination reaction of aryl tosylates is also reported. The catalytic reactions proceed in a very selective manner, affording moderate to high yields of cross-coupling products in short reaction times at 110 °C.
- Iglesias, Maria Jose,Blandez, Juan F.,Fructos, Manuel R.,Prieto, Auxiliadora,Alvarez, Eleuterio,Belderrain, Tomas R.,Nicasio, M. Carmen
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p. 6312 - 6316
(2012/10/30)
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- Ligand-free cross-coupling of boronic acids with Cu(NO3) 2 complexes of amines in aqueous media
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The efficient conversion of boronic acids, both arylboronic acids and alkylboronic acids, to the corresponding amines in water was accomplished in moderate to good yields using Cu(NO3)2 complexes of amines as the nitrogen source. The
- Xu, Juan,Li, Jia Rong
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experimental part
p. 381 - 382
(2012/09/22)
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- AMINATION OF ARYL ALCOHOL DERIVATIVES
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Embodiments of the invention provide methods and materials for chemical cross-coupling reactions that utilize aryl alcohol derivatives as cross-coupling partners. Embodiments of the invention include methods for the amination of aryl sulfamates and carbamates, which are attractive cross-coupling partners, particularly for use in multistep synthesis. Illustrative embodiments include versatile means to use simple derivatives of phenol as precursors to polysubstituted aryl amines, as exemplified by a concise synthesis of the antibacterial drug linezolid.
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Page/Page column 47; 48
(2012/07/27)
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- Nickel-catalyzed amination of aryl sulfamates and carbamates using an air-stable precatalyst
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A facile nickel-catalyzed method to achieve the amination of synthetically useful aryl sulfamates and carbamates is reported. Contrary to most Ni-catalyzed amination reactions, this user-friendly approach relies on an air-stable Ni(II) precatalyst, which, when employed with a mild reducing agent, efficiently delivers aminated products in good to excellent yields. The scope of the method is broad with respect to both coupling partners and includes heterocyclic substrates.
- Hie, Liana,Ramgren, Stephen D.,Mesganaw, Tehetena,Garg, Neil K.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 4182 - 4185
(2012/09/25)
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- Ligand-free Ni-catalyzed reductive cleavage of inert carbon - Sulfur bonds
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A catalytic reductive cleavage of C(sp2) - and C(sp3) - SMe bonds under ligandless conditions is presented. The method is characterized by its wide scope and high chemoselectivity profile including challenging substrate combinations, allowing the design of orthogonal and site-selectivity approaches.
- Barbero, Nekane,Martin, Ruben
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 796 - 799
(2012/04/23)
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- Ligand-free Buchwald-Hartwig aromatic aminations of aryl halides catalyzed by low-leaching and highly recyclable sulfur-modified gold-supported palladium material
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A stable heterogeneous catalyst precursor, sulfur-modified gold-supported palladium material (SAPd), has proved to be an excellent source of leached, ligand-free, Pd for the amination of aryl bromides and chlorides. The reaction-enabling catalyst is provided in situ as leached Pd in low catalyst loading (0.21±0.02mol%). This allows the precatalyst (SAPd) to be filtered off and used for a minimum of ten reaction cycles without loss of catalytic activity. SAPd released only trace amounts, less than 0.6ppm, of highly active Pd during the reaction without any aggregation. Copyright
- Al-Amin, Mohammad,Honma, Tetsuo,Hoshiya, Naoyuki,Shuto, Satoshi,Arisawa, Mitsuhiro
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 1061 - 1068
(2012/06/18)
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- Nickel-catalyzed amination of aryl phosphates through cleaving aryl C-O bonds
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The amination of triaryl phosphates was achieved using a Ni(II)-(σ-Aryl) complex/NHC catalyst system in dioxane at 110 °C in the presence of NaH as base. Electron-neutral, -rich, and -deficient triaryl phosphates were coupled with a wider range of amine partners including cyclic and acyclic secondary amines, aliphatic primary amines, and anilines in good to excellent yields.
- Huang, Jin-Hua,Yang, Lian-Ming
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 3750 - 3753
(2011/09/14)
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- Nickel-catalyzed amination of aryl sulfamates
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Broad in scope: The first amination of aryl sulfamates, which are attractive cross-coupling partners, particularly for multistep syntheses, was achieved by using a nickel catalyst. The method provides a versatile means to use simple derivatives of phenol as precursors to polysubstituted aryl amines, as exemplified by a concise synthesis of the antibacterial drug linezolid (see scheme).
- Ramgren, Stephen D.,Silberstein, Amanda L.,Yang, Yang,Garg, Neil K.
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p. 2171 - 2173
(2011/04/25)
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- Nickel-catalyzed amination of aryl Pivalates by the cleavage of aryl C-O bonds
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(Figure Presented) Catalytic animation: The title reaction demonstrates the use of aryl carboxylates as suitable electrophilic coupling substrates in catalytic amination reactions. Nheterocyclic carbene ligands and NaOtBupromote the amination of aryl pivalates through the cleavage of normally unreactive aryl carbon-oxygen bonds (see scheme; cod = cyclooctadiene).
- Shimasaki, Toshiaki,Tobisu, Mamoru,Chatani, Naoto
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 2929 - 2932
(2010/06/15)
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- Benzannulation from alkyne without metallic catalysts at room temperature to 100 °C
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(Figure presented) An efficient, novel metal-catalyst-free aminobenzannulation of 2-(prop-2-ynyl)(oxo)benzenes 1 with various dialkylamlnes 2 afforded a variety of 2-aminonaphthalenes 3 in good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions at room temperature to 100 °C (at most).
- Jin, Tienan,Yang, Fan,Yamamoto, Yoshinori
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 388 - 390
(2010/03/04)
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- Ni-catalyzed reduction of inert C-O bonds: A new strategy for using aryl ethers as easily removable directing groups
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An efficient Ni-catalyzed protocol for the reductive cleavage of inert C-O bonds has been developed. The method is characterized by its simplicity and wide scope, thereby allowing the use of aryl ethers as easily removable directing groups in organic synthesis.
- Alvarez-Bercedo, Paula,Martin, Ruben
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 17352 - 17353
(2011/02/23)
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- Rhodium(NHC)-catalyzed amination of aryl bromides
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(Figure Presented) A rhodium-catalyzed amination reaction of aryl halides with amines has been developed with the use of a N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand (I/Pr = 1,3-diisopropylimidazol-2-ylidene). The active metal species responsible for the reaction progress was identified. The developed procedure of the Rh-catalyzedW-arylation is convenient to carry out under mild reaction conditions displaying a wide range of substrate scope and high degree of functional group tolerance.
- Kim, Min,Chang, Sukbok
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 1640 - 1643
(2010/06/16)
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