- Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel derivatives of dithiodiglycolic acid prepared via oxidative coupling of thiols
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Human thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) is a selenocysteine-containing enzyme which plays a crucial role in regulating numerous redox signalling pathways within the cell. While its functioning is important in all cells, levels of TrxR1 expression are higher
- Bakulina, Olga,Bannykh, Anton,Jovanovi?, Mirna,Domra?eva, Ilona,Podolski-Reni?, Ana,?alubovskis, Raivis,Pe?i?, Milica,Dar’in, Dmitry,Krasavin, Mikhail
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p. 665 - 671
(2019/02/19)
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- Investigation of (S)-(-)-acidomycin: A selective antimycobacterial natural product that inhibits biotin synthase
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The synthesis, absolute stereochemical configuration, complete biological characterization, mechanism of action and resistance, and pharmacokinetic properties of (S)-(-)-acidomycin are described. Acidomycin possesses promising antitubercular activity against a series of contemporary drug susceptible and drug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains (minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) = 0.096-6.2 μM) but is inactive against nontuberculosis mycobacteria and Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens (MICs > 1000 μM). Complementation studies with biotin biosynthetic pathway intermediates and subsequent biochemical studies confirmed acidomycin inhibits biotin synthesis with a Ki of approximately 1 μM through the competitive inhibition of biotin synthase (BioB) and also stimulates unproductive cleavage of S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) to generate the toxic metabolite 5′-deoxyadenosine. Cell studies demonstrate acidomycin selectively accumulates in M. tuberculosis providing a mechanistic basis for the observed antibacterial activity. The development of spontaneous resistance by M. tuberculosis to acidomycin was difficult, and only low-level resistance to acidomycin was observed by overexpression of BioB. Collectively, the results provide a foundation to advance acidomycin and highlight BioB as a promising target.
- Bockman, Matthew R.,Engelhart, Curtis A.,Cramer, Julia D.,Howe, Michael D.,Mishra, Neeraj K.,Zimmerman, Matthew,Larson, Peter,Alvarez-Cabrera, Nadine,Park, Sae Woong,Boshoff, Helena I. M.,Bean, James M.,Young, Victor G.,Ferguson, David M.,Dartois, Veronique,Jarrett, Joseph T.,Schnappinger, Dirk,Aldrich, Courtney C.
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p. 598 - 617
(2019/02/14)
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- Corresponding amine nitrile and method of manufacturing thereof
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The invention relates to a manufacturing method of nitrile. Compared with the prior art, the manufacturing method has the characteristics of significantly reduced using amount of an ammonia source, low environmental pressure, low energy consumption, low production cost, high purity and yield of a nitrile product and the like, and nitrile with a more complex structure can be obtained. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing corresponding amine from nitrile.
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Paragraph 0138; 0139; 0140; 0147; 0148
(2018/05/07)
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- A potent IκB kinase-β inhibitor labeled with carbon-14 and deuterium
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3-Amino-4-(1,1-difluoro-propyl)-6-(4-methanesulfonyl-piperidin-1-yl)-thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid amide (1) is a potent IκB Kinase-β (IKK-β) inhibitor. The efficient preparations of this compound labeled with carbon-14 and deuterium are described. The carbon-14 synthesis was accomplished in six radiochemical steps in 25% overall yield. The key transformations were the modified Guareschi–Thorpe condensation of 2-cyano-14C-acetamide and a keto-ester followed by chlorination to 2,6-dichloropyridine derivative in one pot. The isolated dichloropyridine was then converted in three steps in one pot to [14C]-(1). The carbon-14 labeled (1) was isolated with a specific activity of 54.3 mCi/mmol and radiochemical purity of 99.8%. The deuterium labeled (1) was obtained in eight steps and in 57% overall chemical yield using 4-hydroxypiperidine-2,2,3,3,4,5,5,6,6-2H9. The final three steps of this synthesis were run in one pot.
- Latli, Bachir,Eriksson, Magnus,Hrapchak, Matt,Busacca, Carl A.,Senanayake, Chris H.
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p. 300 - 304
(2016/07/10)
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- NOVEL THIAZINE OR PYRAZINE DERIVATIVES
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An object of the present invention is to synthesize novel compounds having 3-oxo-3, 4-dihydro-2H-1, 4-thiazine or 2-oxo-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydropyrazine as a main skeleton. The present invention relates to compounds represented by the following general formula [I] and salts thereof. In the formula, X is S or R6-(A2)n-N, R1 and R2 are H, alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl, R3 and R4 are H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aromatic heterocycles, R5 is H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or -A3-A4-R7, R6 is H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, OH, alkoxy, aryl, aryloxy or an aromatic heterocycle, R7 is H, alkyl, OH, alkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, amino, alkylamino, arylamino, an aromatic heterocycle or a nonaromatic heterocycle, A1 is alkylene, A2 is carbonyl or sulfonyl, A3 is alkylene, and A4 is carbonyl or oxalyl.
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- Saturated, alkyl-substituted n-mercaptoacetyl heterocyclic compounds and compositions and methods for permanent shaping of hair based on same and processes for making same
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The composition for permanent shaping of hair contains, as keratin-reducing agent, a compound of the formula (I): or a salt thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 each represent, independently of each other, H, a straight or branched chain alkyl or hydroxy alkyl group, with 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a carboxyl group, with the proviso that at least one of the R1, R2, R3 and R4 groups is not H, n and m are whole numbers from 1 to 3 and X is a bivalent group -O-, -CR5R6- or -NR7-, in which R5, R6 and R7 are each, independently of each other, H or straight chain or branched chain alkyl groups or hydroxyalkyl groups with 1 to 3 carbon atoms or carboxyl groups. New mercaptoacetamide compounds and methods of making them are also described. The composition for permanent shaping provides a safe and uniform shaping of hair without allergic and sensitizing reactions; it has a skin and hair safe pH range of 6.5 to 9.5.
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- Direct synthesis of thiols from halides and epoxides using hydrosulfide exchange resin in methanol
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Various thiols are prepared directly from the corresponding alkyl halides and epoxides using hydrosulfide exchange resin in methanol in the presence of equimolar amounts of triethylammonium chloride at room temperature. The reaction not only proceeds with unique chemoselectivity, but also gives better yields of thiols than most commonly used indirect methods and has an additional advantage of a simple workup.
- Choi,Yoon
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p. 373 - 375
(2007/10/02)
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- N-ALKENYL-3-HYDROXYBENZO[B]THIOPHENE-2-CARBOXAMIDE DERIVATIVES AS DUAL CYCLOOXYGENASE AND LIPOXYGENASE INHIBITORS
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Method for increasing resistance to gastro-intestinal irritation, and for the treatment of pain, fever, inflammation, arthritic conditions, asthma, allergic disorders, skin diseases, cardiovascular disorders, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, glaucom
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- N-alkenyl-3-hydroxybenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide derivatives as dual cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitors
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N-Alkenyl-3-hydroxybenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide derivatives have been prepared by: (1) treating a substituted 2-halobenzoate with thioacetamide followed by N-alkenylation with appropriate agents, such as aldehydes, ketones, enol ethers, epoxides, aceta
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- Thiazoles from N-Cyanoimidates or 3-Cyanoisoureas and Thioglycolic Acid Derivatives
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Novel thiazoles 3a-g, 4a-d are synthesized from N-cyanoimidates and 3-cyanoisoureas of type 1a-m and thioglycolic acid methyl ester (2a) as well as the amide (2b).The limitations of the reaction are outlined.The products are further converted into thiazolopyrimidines 6a-d and thiazolo-1,2,3-triazinones 7a-c.
- Ried, Walter,Kuhnt, Dietmar
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p. 780 - 784
(2007/10/02)
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