- LIPIDS FOR USE IN LIPID NANOPARTICLE FORMULATIONS
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Compounds are provided having the following structure (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer or stereoisomer thereof, wherein R1a, R1b, R2a, R2b, R3a, R3b, R4a, R4b, R5, R6, R7, R8, L1, L2, G1, G2, G3, a, b, c and d are as defined herein. Use of the compounds as a component of lipid nanoparticle formulations for delivery of a therapeutic agent, compositions comprising the compounds and methods for their use and preparation are also provided.
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Page/Page column 67; 68
(2019/03/05)
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- Method for preparing urea-based pyrimidone precursor
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The invention discloses a urea-based pyrimidone precursor compound and a synthetic method thereof. The urea-based pyrimidone precursor is an isoheptyl substituted isocytosine compound. The specific synthetic method comprises the following steps: synthesizing diethyl potassium malonate, synthesizing 2-ethylhexanoyl chloride, synthesizing beta-keto ester from the diethyl potassium malonate and 2-ethylhexanoyl chloride, and synthesizing the urea-based pyrimidone precursor from the beta-keto ester and guanidine carbonate. The urea-based pyrimidone precursor compound and the synthetic method thereof disclosed by the invention have the beneficial effects that the urea-based pyrimidone precursor provides a basic raw material for preparation of a multiple hydrogen bonding supra-molecular material,and the method is controllable in synthetic process and capable of saving resources and improving the yield, and has excellent application prospects.
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Paragraph 0017; 0018
(2019/04/06)
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- Antifungal quinazolinones from marine-derived Bacillus cereus and their preparation
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Two new quinazolinones alkaloids, R(+)-2-(heptan-3-yl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one (1) and (2R,3′R)+(2S,3′R)-2-(heptan-3-yl)-2,3-dihydroquinazolin- 4(1H)-one (2) (a pair of epimers), as well as seven known analogues, 2-methylquinazolin-4(3H)-one (3), 2-benzylquinazolin-4(3H)-one (4), cyclo-(Pro-Ile), cyclo-(Pro-Leu), cyclo-(Pro-Val), cyclo-(Pro-Phe), and cyclo-(Tyr-Pro) were isolated from the n-butyl alcohol extract of the marine-derived bacterium Bacillus cereus 041381. The new compounds were identified by spectroscopic analysis and chemical synthesis. Four optical isomers 5-8 were also synthesized. Compounds 1-8 all showed moderate antifungal activity against Candida albicans with MIC values of 1.3-15.6 μM. Compound 5 exhibits the most powerful antifungal activity, which may reveal that S-configuration and 2,3-double bond were necessary for antifungal activity, and the racemization at C-2 and C-3′ reduced the antifungal activity.
- Xu, Zhihong,Zhang, Yapeng,Fu, Haichao,Zhong, Huimin,Hong, Kui,Zhu, Weiming
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p. 4005 - 4007
(2011/08/06)
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- Rhenium complex-catalyzed acylative cleavage of ethers with acyl chlorides
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It was found that rhenium complex was an efficient catalyst for the acylative cleavage of C-O bond of ethers with acyl chlorides. When acyclic ethers were allowed to react with acyl chlorides in the presence of a catalytic amount of ReBr(CO)5, acylative cleavage of C-O bond of acyclic ethers smoothly proceeded to give the corresponding esters in moderate to good yields. Similarly, cyclic ethers were acylative cleaved by acyl chlorides to give the corresponding chloro substituted esters in good yields by the use of Re 2O7 catalyst.
- Umeda, Rui,Nishimura, Takashi,Kaiba, Kenta,Tanaka, Toshimasa,Takahashi, Yuuki,Nishiyama, Yutaka
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experimental part
p. 7217 - 7221
(2011/10/08)
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- Syntheses and evaluation of anticonvulsant profile and teratogenicity of novel amide derivatives of branched aliphatic carboxylic acids with 4-aminobenzensulfonamide
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Despite the availability of 14 new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), about 30% of epileptic patients are not seizure-free. Consequently there is substantial need to develop new effective AEDs. A novel class of aromatic amides composed of phenylacetic acid or branched aliphatic carboxylic acids, with five to nine carbons in their carboxylic moiety, and aminobenzenesulfonamide were synthesized and evaluated in the anticonvulsant rat-maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous metrazol seizure (scMet) tests. Fourteen of the synthesized amides had an anticonvulsant ED50 of 50 values of 7.6, 9.9, and 9.4 mg/kg and remarkable protective index (PI = TD 50/ED50) values of 65.7, 50.5, and 53.2, respectively. These potent sulfanylamides caused neural tube defects only at doses markedly exceeding their effective dose. The anticonvulsant properties of these compounds make them potential candidates for further development as new, potent, and safe AEDs.
- Hen, Naama,Bialer, Meir,Wlodarczyk, Bogdan,Finnell, Richard H.,Yagen, Boris
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scheme or table
p. 4177 - 4186
(2010/09/04)
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- Synthesis and evaluation of antiallodynic and anticonvulsant activity of novel amide and urea derivatives of valproic acid analogues
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Valproic acid (VPA, 1) is a major broad spectrum antiepileptic and central nervous system drug widely used to treat epilepsy, bipolar disorder, and migraine. VPA's clinical use is limited by two severe and lifethreatening side effects, teratogenicity and hepatotoxicity. A number of VPA analogues and their amide, N-methylamide and urea derivatives, were synthesized and evaluated in animal models of neuropathic pain and epilepsy. Among these, two amide and two urea derivatives of 1 showed the highest potency as antineuropathic pain compounds, with ED50 values of 49 and 51 mg/kg for the amides (19 and 20) and 49 and 74 mg/kg for the urea derivatives (29 and 33), respectively. 19, 20, and 29 were equipotent to gabapentin, a leading drug for the treatment of neuropathic pain. These data indicate strong potential for the above-mentioned novel compounds as candidates for future drug development for the treatment of neuropathic pain. 2009 American Chemical Society.
- Kaufmann, Dan,Bialer, Meir,Shimshoni, Jakob Avi,Devor, Marshall,Yagen, Boris
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scheme or table
p. 7236 - 7248
(2010/07/04)
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- Oxidative conversion of α,α-disubstituted acetamides to corresponding one-carbon-shorter ketones using hypervalent iodine (λ5) reagents in combination with tetraethylammonium bromide
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(Chemical Equation Presented) α,α-Disubstituted acetamides undergo oxidative dehomologation to give one-carbon-shorter ketones when reacted with a hypervalent iodine (λ5) reagent in combination with tetraethylammonium bromide (TEAB) in various solvents. In further studies, one such combination of a hypervalent iodine (λ5) reagent, o-iodoxybenzoic acid, and TEAB has been established as a new, mild, efficient, and general method for the transformation.
- Bellale, Eknath V.,Bhalerao, Dinesh S.,Akamanchi, Krishnacharya G.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 9473 - 9475
(2009/04/06)
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- Chiral ethylhexyl substituents for optically active aggregates of π-conjugated polymers
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We report an efficient synthesis of chiral (2S)-ethylhexanol for functionalizing and solubilizing conjugated polymers. The α-substituted chiral ethylhexyl side chains were obtained through a powerful and flexible asymmetric synthesis using pseudoephedrine as a chiral auxiliary. The dependence of the properties of conjugated polymers on molecular structure is investigated by circular dichroism, fluorescence, and absorption spectroscopy on two new chiral conjugated polymers, poly(3,3-bis((S)-2-ethylhexyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H- thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxepine) (PProDOT((2S)-ethylhexyl)2) and poly(3,3-bis((S)-2-methylbutyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxepine) (PProDOT((2S)-methylbutyl)2). The properties of PProDOT((2S)- ethylhexyl)2) differ significantly from those of its methylbutyl analog as investigated by chiral aggregation providing insight into the role of interchain interactions in these subsecond switching electrochromic polymers.
- Grenier, Christophe R. G.,George, Subi J.,Joncheray, Thomas J.,Meijer,Reynolds, John R.
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p. 10694 - 10699
(2008/03/13)
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- Phosphazenium chloride catalysts immobilized on SBA-15 mesoporous material and silica gel: New exceptionally active catalysts for the chlorination of organic acids
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Novel reusable phosphazenium chloride catalysts immobilized on SBA-15 mesoporous material and silica gel show exceptional activities and selectivities even in the continuous chlorination reaction of organic acids with thionyl chloride or phosgene.
- Kim, Keun-Sik,Kim, Jong-Ho,Seo, Gon
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p. 372 - 373
(2007/10/03)
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- A practical access to α-phosphonoenamides
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Reaction of α-oximinophosphonates first with acetic anhydride then with iron powder and acetic acid at 50-60 °C results in the clean formation of an E-Z mixture of α-phosphonoenacetamides, which are immediate precursors to α-aminophosphonic acids.
- Quiclet-Sire, Béatrice,Zard, Samir Z.,Zhang, Haiwen
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p. 404 - 408
(2007/10/03)
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- Phenylglycine methyl ester, a useful tool for absolute configuration determination of various chiral carboxylic acids
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A new chiral anisotropic reagent, phenylglycine methyl ester (PGME), developed for the elucidation of the absolute configuration of chiral α,α- disubstituted acetic acids, has turned out to be applicable to other substituted carboxylic acids, such as chiral α-hydroxy-, α-alkoxy-, and α- acyloxy-α,α-disubstituted acetic acids, as well as to chiral β,β- disubstituted propionic acids. Because a carboxylic moiety is convertible from other functional groups, e.g., ozonolysis of an olefin and oxidative cleavage of a glycol, the present findings can expand the utility of the PGME method to the absolute configuration determination of various types of organic compounds, even those which initially lack oxygen functions. Several examples of the combination of chemical reactions and the PGME method are described.
- Yabuuchi, Tetsuya,Kusumi, Takenori
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p. 397 - 404
(2007/10/03)
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- Conversion of carboxylic acids to acyl chlorides with a hexaalkylguanidinium chloride catalyst
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Hexaalkylguanidinium chloride displays different behavior toward carboxylic acids depending on the acid strength.Its high catalytic activity for the condensation of carboxylic acids with phosgene or thionyl chloride using molecular and grafted catalyst forms is described.Keywords - hexaalkylguanidinium chloride / catalyst / carboxylic acids / chlorination / phosgenation / mechanism
- Gros, P.,Perchec, P. Le,Gauthier, P.,Senet, J. P.
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p. 554 - 561
(2007/10/02)
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- Process for the manufacture of organic acid chlorides
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The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of carboxylic acid chlorides by the phosgenation, under the action of heat, of the corresponding acids in the presence of a catalyst. The process according to the invention is characterized in that a compound possessing the skeleton STR1 is used as the catalyst, in which compound X is an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom substituted by an alkyl group.
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- Process for the preparation of hydroxy-alpha-amino-benzyl penicillin
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A novel process for the preparation of hydroxy-alpha-amino-benzyl penicillin, particularly the p-hydroxy derivative known as amoxicillin.
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