- 6,7-DIHYDRO-4H-PYRAZOLO[1,5-A]PYRAZINE INDOLE-2-CARBOXAMIDES ACTIVE AGAINST THE HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV)
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The present invention relates generally to antiviral agents. Specifically, the present invention relates to compounds of formula I which can inhibit the protein(s) encoded by hepatitis B virus (HBV) or interfere with the function of the HBV replication cycle, compositions comprising such compounds, methods for inhibiting HBV viral replication, methods for treating or preventing HBV infection, and processes and intermediates for making the compounds.
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Page/Page column 52
(2020/05/29)
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- NOVEL 6,7-DIHYDRO-4H-PYRAZOLO[1,5-A]PYRAZINE INDOLE-2-CARBOXAMIDES ACTIVE AGAINST THE HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV)
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The present invention relates generally to novel antiviral agents. Specifically, the present invention relates to compounds which can inhibit the protein(s) encoded by hepatitis B virus (HBV) or interfere with the function of the HBV replication cycle, compositions comprising such compounds, methods for inhibiting HBV viral replication, methods for treating or preventing HBV infection, and processes and intermediates for mating the compounds.
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Page/Page column 55
(2020/05/29)
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- NOVEL OXALYL PIPERAZINES ACTIVE AGAINST THE HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV)
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The present invention relates generally to novel antiviral agents. Specifically, the present invention relates to compounds which can inhibit the protein(s) encoded by hepatitis B virus (HBV) or interfere with the function of the HBV replication cycle, compositions comprising such compounds, methods for inhibiting HBV viral replication, methods for treating or preventing HBV infection, and processes and intermediates for making the compounds.
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Page/Page column 69
(2020/11/12)
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- NOVEL INDOLE-2-CARBOXAMIDES ACTIVE AGAINST THE HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV)
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The present invention relates generally to novel antiviral agents. Specifically, the present invention relates to compounds which can inhibit the protein(s) encoded by hepatitis B virus (HBV) or interfere with the function of the HBV replication cycle, compositions comprising such compounds, methods for inhibiting HBV viral replication, methods for treating or preventing HBV infection, and processes and intermediates for making the compounds.
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Page/Page column 89
(2020/11/13)
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- NOVEL, HIGHLY ACTIVE PYRAZOLO-PIPERIDINE SUBSTITUTED INDOLE-2-CARBOXAMIDES ACTIVE AGAINST THE HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV)
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The present invention relates generally to novel antiviral agents. Specifically, the present invention relates to compounds which can inhibit the protein(s) encoded by hepatitis B virus (HBV) or interfere with the function of the HBV replication cycle, compositions comprising such compounds, methods for inhibiting HBV viral replication, methods for treating or preventing HBV infection, and processes and intermediates for making the compounds.
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Page/Page column 76
(2019/05/22)
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- NOVEL, HIGHLY ACTIVE AMINO-THIAZOLE SUBSTITUTED INDOLE-2-CARBOXAMIDES ACTIVE AGAINST THE HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV)
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The present invention relates generally to novel antiviral agents. Specifically, the present invention relates to compounds which can inhibit the protein(s) encoded by hepatitis B virus (HBV) or interfere with the function of the HBV replication cycle, compositions comprising such compounds, methods for inhibiting HBV viral replication, methods for treating or preventing HBV infection, and processes and intermediates for making the compounds.
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Page/Page column 105
(2019/05/22)
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- Discovery, synthesis and anti-atherosclerotic activities of a novel selective sphingomyelin synthase 2 inhibitor
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The sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2) is a potential target for pharmacological intervention in atherosclerosis. However, so far, few selective SMS2 inhibitors and their pharmacological activities were reported. In this study, a class of 2-benzyloxybenzamides were discovered as novel SMS2 inhibitors through scaffold hopping and structural optimization. Among them, Ly93 as one of the most potent inhibitors exhibited IC50 values of 91 nM and 133.9 μM against purified SMS2 and SMS1 respectively. The selectivity ratio of Ly93 was more than 1400-fold for purified SMS2 over SMS1. The in vitro studies indicated that Ly93 not only dose-dependently diminished apoB secretion from Huh7 cells, but also significantly reduced the SMS activity and increased cholesterol efflux from macrophages. Meanwhile, Ly93 inhibited the secretion of LPS-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine in macrophages. The pharmacokinetic profiles of Ly93 performed on C57BL/6J mice demonstrated that Ly93 was orally efficacious. As a potent selective SMS2 inhibitor, Ly93 significantly decreased the plasma SM levels of C57BL/6J mice. Furthermore, Ly93 was capable of dose-dependently attenuating the atherosclerotic lesions in the root and the entire aorta as well as macrophage content in lesions, in apolipoprotein E gene knockout mice treated with Ly93. In conclusion, we discovered a novel selective SMS2 inhibitor Ly93 and demonstrated its anti-atherosclerotic activities in vivo. The preliminary molecular mechanism-of-action studies revealed its function in lipid homeostasis and inflammation process, which indicated that the selective inhibition of SMS2 would be a promising treatment for atherosclerosis.
- Li, Yali,Huang, Taomin,Lou, Bin,Ye, Deyong,Qi, Xiangyu,Li, Xiaoxia,Hu, Shuang,Ding, Tingbo,Chen, Yan,Cao, Yang,Mo, Mingguang,Dong, Jibin,Wei, Min,Chu, Yong,Li, Huiti,Jiang, Xian-Cheng,Cheng, Nengneng,Zhou, Lu
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supporting information
p. 864 - 882
(2019/01/04)
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- Bridged bicyclic 2,3-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes as antiplasmodial agents: Synthesis, structure-activity relationships and studies on their biomimetic reaction with Fe(II)
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Despite recent advancements in its control, malaria is still a deadly parasitic disease killing millions of people each year. Progresses in combating the infection have been made by using the so-called artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs). Natural and synthetic peroxides are an important class of antimalarials. Here we describe a new series of peroxides synthesized through a new elaboration of the scaffold of bicyclic-fused/bridged synthetic endoperoxides previously developed by us. These peroxides are produced by a straightforward synthetic protocol and are characterized by submicromolar potency when tested against both chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains. To investigate their mode of action, the biomimetic reaction of the representative compound 6w with Fe(II) was studied by EPR and the reaction products were characterized by NMR. Rationalization of the observed structure-activity relationship studies was performed by molecular docking. Taken together, our data robustly support the hypothesized mode of activation of peroxides 6a-cc and led to the definition of the key structural requirements responsible for the antiplasmodial potency. These data will pave the way in future to the rational design of novel optimized antimalarials suitable for in vivo investigation.
- D'Alessandro, Sarah,Alfano, Gloria,Di Cerbo, Luisa,Brogi, Simone,Chemi, Giulia,Relitti, Nicola,Brindisi, Margherita,Lamponi, Stefania,Novellino, Ettore,Campiani, Giuseppe,Gemma, Sandra,Basilico, Nicoletta,Taramelli, Donatella,Baratto, Maria Camilla,Pogni, Rebecca,Butini, Stefania
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supporting information
(2019/06/13)
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- Selective aerobic oxidation of alkyl aromatics on Bi2MoO6 nanoplates decorated with Pt nanoparticles under visible light irradiation
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Pt/Bi2MoO6 nanoplates are efficient photocatalysts for the selective oxidation of saturated C-H bonds in alkyl aromatics under visible light illumination using O2 as an oxidant. This study opens a new window for direct C-H functionalization through the photocatalytic method based on cheap Bi2MoO6 semiconductor materials.
- Zhang, Bao,Yang, Xiaojing,Li, Jun,Cheng, Gang
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supporting information
p. 12194 - 12197
(2018/11/21)
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- Stable Zero-Valent Nickel Nanoparticles in Glycerol: Synthesis and Applications in Selective Hydrogenations
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Small (mean diameter, ca. 1.2 nm) and well-dispersed zero-valent nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs) stabilized by cinchona-based alkaloids and TPPTS (tris(3-sulfophenyl)phosphine trisodium salt), were synthesized from the organometallic precursor [Ni(cod)2] in neat glycerol under hydrogen pressure. NiNPs were fully characterized ((HR)-TEM, EDX, XPS, XRD, IR, magnetization), both at solid state and directly from the corresponding colloidal solutions in glycerol due to its negligible vapour pressure. NiNPs dispersed in glycerol were applied in hydrogenation reactions, in particular in semihydrogenation of alkynes to give (Z)-alkenes under satisfactory conditions (3 bar H2, 1 mol% Ni, 100 °C), showing remarkable activity and selectivity. The catalytic phase was recycled at least ten times without loss of activity, affording in each case metal-free organic products. Other functional groups such as nitro, nitrile and formyl groups were efficiently hydrogenated to the corresponding anilines, benzylamines and benzylalcohols respectively (77–95% yields). (Figure presented.).
- Reina, Antonio,Favier, Isabelle,Pradel, Christian,Gómez, Montserrat
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supporting information
p. 3544 - 3552
(2018/08/01)
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- 2-ALKYLOXY BENZENE FORMYL ARYLAMINE COMPOUND AND PHARMACEUTICAL USE THEREOF
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The present invention relates to 2-alkoxy benzene formyl arylamine compounds as scheme I , in which the R, G, X, Y, Z are consistent with the detailed description in the patent claim. The compounds can act as sphingomyelin synthase (SMS) inhibitors to treat diseases caused by abnormal increasing of sphingomyelin(SM). This invention also includes compounds as scheme I , their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical compositions as the active ingredients, and their application in drugs which can prevent and cure diseases caused by SM level abnormal increase. These diseases include atherosclerosis, fatty liver, obesity, type II diabetes, and other metabolic syndromes.
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Paragraph 0053; 0054
(2017/08/29)
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- The Oxidation of Hydrophobic Aromatic Substrates by Using a Variant of the P450 Monooxygenase CYP101B1
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The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP101B1, from a Novosphingobium bacterium is able to bind and oxidise aromatic substrates but at a lower activity and efficiency than norisoprenoids and monoterpenoid esters. Histidine 85 of CYP101B1 aligns with tyrosine 96 of CYP101A1, which, in the latter enzyme forms the only hydrophilic interaction with its substrate, camphor. The histidine residue of CYP101B1 was mutated to phenylalanine with the aim of improving the activity of the enzyme for hydrophobic substrates. The H85F mutant lowered the binding affinity and activity of the enzyme for β-ionone and altered the oxidation selectivity. This variant also showed enhanced affinity and activity towards alkylbenzenes, styrenes and methylnaphthalenes. For example the rate of product formation for acenaphthene oxidation was improved sixfold to 245 nmol per nmol CYP per min. Certain disubstituted naphthalenes and substrates, such as phenylcyclohexane and biphenyls, were oxidised with lower activity by the H85F variant. Variants at H85 (A and G) designed to introduce additional space into the active site so as to accommodate these larger substrates did not improve the oxidation activity. As the H85F mutant of CYP101B1 improved the oxidation of hydrophobic substrates, this residue is likely to be in the substrate binding pocket or the access channel of the enzyme. The side chain of the histidine might interact with the carbonyl groups of the favoured norisoprenoid substrates of CYP101B1.
- Sarkar, Md. Raihan,Lee, Joel H. Z.,Bell, Stephen G.
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p. 2119 - 2128
(2017/10/12)
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- A rapid and convergent synthesis of the integrastatin core
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The tetracyclic core of the integrastatin natural products has been prepared in a convergent and rapid manner. Our strategy relies upon a palladium(ii)-catalyzed oxidative cyclization to form the central [3.3.1]-dioxabicycle of the natural product core. Overall, the core has been completed in only 4 linear steps from known compounds.
- Tadross, Pamela M.,Bugga, Pradeep,Stoltz, Brian M.
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p. 5354 - 5357
(2011/09/13)
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- Highly chemo- and regio-selective hydroxylations of o- and m-substituted toluenes to benzyl alcohols with Cellulosimicrobium cellulans EB-8-4
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Highly chemo- and regio-selective benzylic hydroxylations of o- and m-substituted toluenes were achieved with the easily available and easy-to-handle resting cells of Cellulosimicrobium cellulans EB-8-4 as biocatalysts, giving the corresponding benzyl alcohols as single product. Benzyl alcohols were obtained in 78-94% yield, demonstrating the first green, clean, and simple method for the preparation of benzyl alcohols via hydroxylations. Biotransformation of 4-methylbenzyl chloride with the same strain gave 4-methylbenzyl alcohol in 67-81% yield, suggesting a novel dehalogenation activity of the cells and providing a novel, green, and efficient method for the preparation of 4-methylbenzyl alcohol as well as the application potential in biodegradation of chlorine-containing aromatics.
- Dai, Shiyao,Wu, Jinchuan,Wang, Zunsheng,Chen, Yongzheng,Li, Zhi
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experimental part
p. 6919 - 6923
(2010/09/18)
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- 5-Benzylidene-1,2-dihydrochromeno[3,4-f]quinolines as selective progesterone receptor modulators
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A series of 5-benylidene-1,2-dihydrochromeno[3,4-f]quinolines (4) were synthesized and tested in bioassays to evaluate their progestational activities, receptor- and tissue-selectivity profiles as selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs). Most of the new analogues exhibited as highly potent progestins with more than 100-fold receptor selectivity over other steroid hormone receptors and LG120920 (7b) demonstrated tissue selectivity toward uterus and vagina versus breasts in a rodent model after oral administration.
- Zhi, Lin,Tegley, Christopher M.,Pio, Barbara,Edwards, James P.,Motamedi, Mehrnouch,Jones, Todd K.,Marschke, Keith B.,Mais, Dale E.,Risek, Boris,Schrader, William T.
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p. 4104 - 4112
(2007/10/03)
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- Process for producing cyclopropanecarboxylates
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There is disclosed a process process for producing a cyclopropanecarboxylate of formula (1): 1which process comprises reacting cyclopropanecarboxylic acid of formula (2): 2with a monohydroxy compound of formula (3): R6OH??(3),in the presence of a catalyst compound comprising an element of to Group 4 of the Periodic Table of Elements.
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- Stereo- and enantioselective routes to functionalised cyclohexenes via heterodiene cycloadditions of 6-oxocyclohexene-1-carbaldehydes with ketene acetals
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Various substituted cyclohexenes related to α-cyclocitral have been prepared using the heterodiene cycloadditions of 2-formyl-4,4-dimethyl-2- cyclohexen-1-one 4 with ketene acetals as the pivotal step. The key intermediates are accessible in homochiral form via an auxiliary-based sequence in which a C2-symmetric ketene acetal derived from 1,2-bis(2- methylphenyl)ethane-1,2-diol 2a serves as the 2π component. The diol 2a can be recovered in optically pure form.
- Hayes, Roy,Li, Ke-Dong,Leeming, Peter,Wallace, Timothy W.,Williams, Richard C.
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p. 12907 - 12928
(2007/10/03)
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- Electron-transfer-induced reductive cleavage of phthalans: Reactivity and synthetic applications
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The behavior of phthalan (1a) was investigated under conditions of electron transfer from alkali metals in aprotic solvents. Reaction with lithium in the presence of a catalytic amount of naphthalene in THF led to the reductive cleavage of an arylmethyl carbon-oxygen bond, with formation of a stable dilithium compound. Trapping of this intermediate with several electrophiles (alkyl halides, carbonyl derivatives, CO2) was successful. The extension of this procedure to several substituted phthalans (1b-i) was investigated, and the regiochemistry as well as the synthetic usefulness of these reactions are discussed.
- Azzena, Ugo,Demartis, Salvatore,Melloni, Giovanni
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p. 4913 - 4919
(2007/10/03)
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- Reductive electrophilic substitution of phthalans and ring expansion to isochroman derivatives
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Reductive cleavage of phthalan, 1a, with Li metal in the presence of a catalytic amount of naphthalene leads to the formation of a stable aromatic dilithium compound. The adducts of the latter with CO2, aldehydes or ketones undergo ring closure to isochroman derivatives, leading to ring expansion of the original heterocycle. The reductive electrophilic substitution procedure was successfully extended to the substituted phthalans 1b and 1c, to afford the corresponding isochroman-3-ones in satisfactory yields.
- Azzena, Ugo,Demartis, Salvatore,Fiori, Maria Giovanna,Melloni, Giovanni,Pisano, Luisa
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p. 8123 - 8126
(2007/10/02)
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- Novel Reduction of Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amides and Nitriles Using Samarium Diiodide in the Presence of Water
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Aromatic carboxylic acids, esters, amides, nitriles, chlorides, ketones and nitro compounds were rapidly reduced by the samarium diiodide-H2O system to the corresponding products at room temperature in good yields.
- Kamochi, Yasuko,Kudo, Tadahiro
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p. 1495 - 1498
(2007/10/02)
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- Photocyclization of -(o-Tolyl)acetophenones: Triplet and 1,5-biradical reactivity
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Several ring-substituted α-(o-tolyl)acetophenones undergo photocyclization to 2-indanol derivatives in high quantum efficiency in solution and in high chemical yield as solids. The mechanism for reaction involves triplet state δ-hydrogen atom abstraction that generates 1,5-biradicals. Quenching studies indicate that the n.π* excited triplets of these ketones react, with rate constants >108 s-1. Variations in triplet reactivity are ascribed to conformational equilibria that populate reactive and unreactive geometries to different extents. The α-aryl ring eclipses the carbonyl in the lowest energy geometry, from which the most favorable geometry for reaction can be reached by small bond rotations. α-(2,4,6-Triisopropylpheny)acetophenone forms the relatively long lived enol as well as indanol in solvent-dependent ratios; deuterium labeling indicates that the 1,5-biradical disproportionates to form enol. This does not happen with α-mesitylacetophenone, so its 54% cyclization quantum efficiency is ascribed to an internal triplet quenching that competes with hydrogen abstraction. This internal quenching is presumed to be of the charge-transfer type and does not appear to lead directly to 1,5-biradicals. 1-Methyl-2-phenyl-2-indanol is formed from α-(o-ethylpheny)acetophenone with a Z/E ratio of 20:1 in benzene and 2:1 in methanol. The 1,5-biradical intermediates were characterized by flash spectroscopy; they have lifetimes between 15 and 45 ns, with those derived from α-(o-isopropylphenyl) ketones being twice as long-lived as those derived from α-(o-methylphenyl) ketones, and show only a small solvent dependence. Biradical lifetimes and the diastereoselectivity of cyclization are interpreted in terms of biradical intersystem crossing occurring preferentially along the reaction coordinate for cyclization, such that the two processes effectively occur concurrently. The applicability of this concept to other biradicals is discussed.
- Wagner, Peter J.,Meador, Michael A.,Zhou, Boli,Park, Bong-Ser
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p. 9630 - 9639
(2007/10/02)
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- Optional ortho or alpha hydroxymethylation of alkylarenes
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Treatment of arenes carrying methyl or primary alkyl groups in tetrahydrofuran solution with potassium tert-butoxide activated butyllithium followed by reaction with formaldehyde gives 2-arylalkanols.In contrast, if prior to the addition of the electrophile a stoichiometric amount of magnesium dibromide is added then the regioisomeric 2-alkylbenzyl alcohols are formed.
- Guggisberg, Yves,Faigl, Ferenc,Schlosser, Manfred
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- CONCERNING THE CHLOROMETHYLATION OF ALKYLBENZENES AND POLYSTYRENES BY CHLOROMETHYL METHYL ETHER
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Chloromethyl methyl ether-stannic chloride treatments of toluene, ethylbenzene, isopropylbenzene and tert-butyl benzene afforded respectively, 26.5, 16.8, 5.5 and 2.5percent orthoproducts.No meta-products could be detected (less than 0.5percent).Similar chloroalkylation of linear polystyrenes followed by conversion of the chloromethyl groups to hydroxylmethyl, yielded products possessing 5.0 +/- .3percent ortho-substitution.
- Pinnell, R. P.,Khune, G. D.,Khatri, N. A.,Manatt, S. L.
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p. 3511 - 3514
(2007/10/02)
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- Antihypertensive Activity of 6-Arylpyridopyrimidin-7-amine Derivatives
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A series of 51 6-arylpyridopyrimidin-7-amine derivatives was prepared and evaluated for antihypertensive activity in the conscious spontaneously hypertensive rat.A number of these compounds, notably 6-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-2-methylpyridopyrimidin-7-amine (36), lowered blood pressure in these rats in a gradual and sustained manner to normotensive levels at oral doses of 10-50 mg/kg.Normalized blood pressure levels could then be maintained by single daily oral doses.The effect of structural variation in the 6-aryl group and in the 2 and 4 positions of the pyridopyrimidine ring on activity is reported and discussed.
- Bennett, Lawrence R.,Blankley, C. John,Fleming, Robert W.,Smith, Ronald D.,Tessman, Deirdre K.
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p. 382 - 389
(2007/10/02)
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