- Pyrazole Agonist of the Apelin Receptor Improves Symptoms of Metabolic Syndrome in Mice
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Apelin receptor agonism improves symptoms of metabolic syndrome. However, endogenous apelin peptides have short half-lives, making their utility as potential drugs limited. Previously, we had identified a novel pyrazole-based agonist scaffold. Systematic modification of this scaffold was performed to produce compounds with improved ADME properties. Compound 13 with favorable agonist potency (cAMPi EC50 = 162 nM), human liver microsome stability (T1/2 = 62 min), and pharmacokinetic profile in rodents was identified. The compound was tested in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity (DIO) and metabolic syndrome for efficacy. Treatment with 13 led to significant weight loss, hypophagia, improved glucose utilization, reduced liver steatosis, and improvement of disease-associated biomarkers. In conclusion, a small-molecule agonist of the apelin receptor has been identified that is suitable for in vivo investigation of the apelinergic system in DIO and perhaps other diseases where this receptor has been implicated to play a role.
- Narayanan, Sanju,Wang, Shaobin,Vasukuttan, Vineetha,Vyas Devambatla, Ravi Kumar,Dai, Donghua,Jin, Chunyang,Snyder, Rodney,Laudermilk, Lucas,Runyon, Scott P.,Maitra, Rangan
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p. 3006 - 3025
(2021/04/06)
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- Identification of potent pyrazole based APELIN receptor (APJ) agonists
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The apelinergic system comprises the apelin receptor and its cognate apelin and elabela peptide ligands of various lengths. This system has become an increasingly attractive target for pulmonary and cardiometabolic diseases. Small molecule regulators of this receptor with good drug-like properties are needed. Recently, we discovered a novel pyrazole based small molecule agonist 8 of the apelin receptor (EC50 = 21.5 μM, Ki = 5.2 μM) through focused screening which was further optimized to initial lead 9 (EC50 = 0.800 μM, Ki = 1.3 μM). In our efforts to synthesize more potent agonists and to explore the structural features important for apelin receptor agonism, we carried out structural modifications at N1 of the pyrazole core as well as the amino acid side-chain of 9. Systematic modifications at these two positions provided potent small molecule agonists exhibiting EC50 values of 100 nM. Recruitment of β-arrestin as a measure of desensitization potential of select compounds was also investigated. Functional selectivity was a feature of several compounds with a bias towards calcium mobilization over β-arrestin recruitment. These compounds may be suitable as tools for in vivo studies of apelin receptor function.
- Maitra, Rangan,Narayanan, Sanju,Rajagopal, Sudarshan,Runyon, Scott P.,Vasukuttan, Vineetha
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- Drug Discovery against Psoriasis: Identification of a New Potent FMS-like Tyrosine Kinase 3 (FLT3) Inhibitor, 1-(4-((1H-Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)-3-fluorophenyl)-3-(5-(tert-butyl)isoxazol-3-yl)urea, That Showed Potent Activity in a Psoriatic Animal Model
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Psoriasis is a chronic T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease, and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) has been considered as a potential molecular target for the treatment of psoriasis. In this investigation, structural optimization was performed on a lead compound, 1-(4-(1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yloxy)phenyl)-3-(4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea (1), which showed a moderate inhibitory activity againt FLT3. A series of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized, and structure-activity relationship analysis led to the discovery of a number of potent FLT3 inhibitors. One of the most active compounds, 1-(4-(1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yloxy)-3-fluorophenyl)-3-(5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-yl)urea (18b), was then chosen for in-depth antipsoriasis studies because this compound displayed the highest potency in a preliminary antipsoriasis test. Compound 18b exhibited significant antipsoriatic effects in the K14-VEGF transgenic mouse model of psoriasis, and no recurrence was found 15 days later after the last administration. Detailed mechanisms of action of compound 18b were also investigated. Collectively, compound 18b could be a potential drug candidate for psoriasis treatment.
- Li, Guo-Bo,Ma, Shuang,Yang, Ling-Ling,Ji, Sen,Fang, Zhen,Zhang, Guo,Wang, Li-Jiao,Zhong, Jie-Min,Xiong, Yu,Wang, Jiang-Hong,Huang, Shen-Zhen,Li, Lin-Li,Xiang, Rong,Niu, Dawen,Chen, Ying-Chun,Yang, Sheng-Yong
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p. 8293 - 8305
(2016/10/03)
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- PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITORS
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The present invention relates to a novel family of inhibitors of protein kinases. In particular, the present invention relates to inhibitors of the members of the Tec and Src protein kinase families.
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Paragraph 0226
(2015/07/15)
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- Structure-activity relationships of pyrazole derivatives as potential therapeutics for immune thrombocytopenias
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Idiopathic or immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a serious clinical disorder involving the destruction of platelets by macrophages. Small molecule therapeutics are highly sought after to ease the burden on current therapies derived from human sources. Earlier, we discovered that dimers of five-membered heterocycles exhibited potential to inhibit phagocytosis of human RBCs by macrophages. Here, we reveal a structure-activity relationship of the bis-pyrazole class of molecules with -C-C-, -C-N- and -C-O- linkers, and their evaluation as inhibitors of phagocytosis of antibody-opsonized human RBCs as potential therapeutics for ITP. We have uncovered three potential candidates, 37, 47 and 50, all carrying a different linker connecting the two pyrazole moieties. Among these compounds, hydroxypyrazole derivative 50 is the most potent compound with an IC50 of 14 ± 9 μM for inhibiting the phagocytosis of antibody-opsonized human RBCs by macrophages. None of the compounds exhibited significant potential to induce apoptosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Current study has revealed specific functional features, such as up to 2-atom spacer arm and alkyl substitution at one of the N1 positions of the bivalent pyrazole core to be important for the inhibitory activity.
- Purohit, Meena K.,Chakka, Sai Kumar,Scovell, Iain,Neschadim, Anton,Bello, Angelica M.,Salum, Norue,Katsman, Yulia,Bareau, Madeleine C.,Branch, Donald R.,Kotra, Lakshmi P.
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p. 2739 - 2752
(2014/05/06)
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- PYRAZOLO[3,4-D]PYRIMIDIN-4(5H)-ONE DERIVATIVES AS PDE9 INHIBITORS
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A compound of the general formula (I) wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of phenyl unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, -O-C1-C3-alkyl, fluorinated -O-C1-C3-alkyl, -(CH2)mOH and 5-membered heterocyclic group with 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S; and 6- or 10-membered heteroaryl with 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from O, N and S; R2 and R3 independently of each other represent H atom or straight or branched C1-C3 alkyl; R4 is selected from the group consisting of 4- to 6- membered cycloalkyl, wherein one of carbon atoms can be replaced by O atom, and which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two halogen atoms,and straight or branched C1-C4 alkyl; Q represents a bond or C1-C3-alkylene, which can be optionally substituted by one to three C1-C3-alkyls; X is selected from the group consisting of O, NR5, and S(O)p; R5 represents H atom or C1-C3alkyl; m is 1, 2 or 3; p is 0, 1 or 2; and salts thereof, for use as a medicament, in particular for treating cognitive function disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Page/Page column 18; 19
(2014/02/16)
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- PYRAZOLE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR USES THEREOF
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The present disclosure relates to a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein U, R1, R2, R3 and Q are as defined herein. The disclosure also provides a method for treating or preventing a method for the prevention, treatment and/or alleviation of one or more autoimmune or alloimmune disease, pharmaceutical compositions and combination comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound, as defined herein.
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Page/Page column 20
(2014/09/29)
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- PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITORS
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The present invention relates to a novel family of inhibitors of protein kinases. In particular, the present invention relates to inhibitors of the members of the Tec and Src protein kinase families.
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Page/Page column 74
(2014/01/07)
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- PROCESS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF BETA-AMINOCARBONYLS
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The present application provides processes and intermediates useful in the production of β- aminocarbonyl- or β-aminothiocarbonyl-containing compounds. Provided herein is a process for synthesizing β-aminocarbonyl- or β-aminothiocarbonyl-containing compounds from an alkene and a hydrazone. Also provided herein is a process for synthesizing β-aminocarbonyl- or β-aminothiocarbonyl-containing compounds from an alkene and a hydrazine. The present application further provides intermediate aminoisocyanate and iminoisocyanate compounds, and methods for synthesizing the starting hydrazone and hydrazine compounds.
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Paragraph 00100
(2013/05/23)
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- A tunable route for the synthesis of azomethine imines and β-aminocarbonyl compounds from alkenes
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Cyclic azomethine imines possessing a β-aminocarbonyl motif are accessed from simple alkene and hydrazone starting materials. A thermal, concerted alkene aminocarbonylation pathway involving an imino-isocyanate intermediate is proposed and supported by DF
- Clavette, Christian,Gan, Wei,Bongers, Amanda,Markiewicz, Thomas,Toderian, Amy B.,Gorelsky, Serge I.,Beauchemin, Andre M.
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supporting information
p. 16111 - 16114,4
(2020/09/09)
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- Catalytic hydrophosphorylation of alkyl- and acylhydrazones
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N-Boc- and N-acylhydrazino phosphonates were obtained for the first time by hydrophos- phorylation of the appropriate hydrazones of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes and heterocyclic and aliphatic ketones in the presence of [tetra(tert-butyl)phthalocyanine
- Matveeva,Podrugina,Kolesnikova,Prisyazhnoi,Karateev,Zefirov
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experimental part
p. 418 - 424
(2011/02/17)
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- Adamantyl-pyrazole carboxamides as inhibitors of 11B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
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Provided herein are compounds of the formula (I): as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein the substituents are as those disclosed in the specification. These compounds, and the pharmaceutical compositions containing them, are useful for the treatment of diseases such as, for example, type II diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome.
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Page/Page column 48
(2008/06/13)
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- N-PHENYL-1,1,1-TRIFLUOROMETHANESULFONAMIDE HYDRAZONE DERIVATIVE COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USAGE IN CONTROLLING PARASITES
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Novel N-phenyl-1,1,1-trifluoromethanesulfonamide compounds useful for controlling endo and/or ectoparasites in the environment are provided, together with methods of making the same, and methods of using the inventive compounds to treat parasite infestations in vivo and ex vivo.
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Page/Page column 39
(2008/06/13)
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- FUSED PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVE
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The present invention provides a fused pyrimidine derivative having an insulin secretion stimulating activity represented by Formula (I): {wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom, lower alkyl, or the like; n represents an integer of 0 to 3; and X1 and X2 may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, lower alkyl, or the like; and formula (II): represents formula (III): [wherein X--Y--Z represents R2C=CR3-NR4 (wherein R2, R3 and R4 may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, lower alkyl, or the like)]}, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
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Page/Page column 14
(2010/11/08)
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- FUSED HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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Certain fused pyrrole- and pyrazole-containing heterocyclic compounds are serotonin modulators useful in the treatment of serotonin-mediated diseases.
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Page/Page column 152-153
(2008/06/13)
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- Synthesis and Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitory Activity of a Series of Novel, Nitric Oxide Donor-Containing Pyrazoles
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The synthesis of a series of novel pyrazoles containing a nitrate (ONO 2) moiety as a nitric oxide (NO)-donor functionality is reported. Their COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory activities in human whole blood are profiled. Our data demonstrate that py
- Ranatunge, Ramani R.,Augustyniak, Michael,Bandarage, Upul K.,Earl, Richard A.,Ellis, James L.,Garvey, David S.,Janero, David R.,Letts, L. Gordon,Martino, Allison M.,Murty, Madhavi G.,Richardson, Stewart K.,Schroeder, Joseph D.,Shumway, Matthew J.,Tam, S. William,Trocha, A. Mark,Young, Delano V.
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p. 2180 - 2193
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis, biological evaluation, and structural studies on N1 and C5 substituted cycloalkyl analogues of the pyrazole class of CB1 and CB2 ligands
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A series of N1 and C5 substituted cycloalkyl and C5 4-methylphenyl analogues of the N-(piperidin-1-yl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide class of cannabinoid ligands were synthesized. The analogues were evaluated for CB1 and CB2 receptor binding affinities and receptor subtype selectivity. The effects of pyrazole substitution on ligand conformation and as such receptor affinities was not readily apparent; therefore, the geometries of the N1 and C5 substituents relative to the pyrazole ring were studied using high field NMR spectroscopy and systematic molecular mechanics geometry searches. An analysis of the relative ring geometries and functional group orientations provides new insight into the structural requirements of the CB1 and CB2 ligand binding pocket.
- Krishnamurthy, Mathangi,Li, Wei,Moore II, Bob M.
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p. 393 - 404
(2007/10/03)
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- PDE9 inhibitors for treating type 2 diabetes,metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease
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The invention provides compounds of Formula (I) the stereoisomers and prodrugs thereof, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds, stereoisomers, and prodrugs, wherein A, P, J, x, and R10 are as defined herein; pharmaceutical compositions thereof; and methods of using the pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of diseases, including, diabetes, including type 1 and type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, metabolic syndrome, and/or cardiovascular disease.
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