- Experimental measurement and modeling of vapor-liquid equilibrium for the ternary system water + ethanol + 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride
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Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data were measured for the ternary system water (1) + ethanol (2) + 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([bmim]Cl) (3). Complete T, x, and y data were obtained in a relatively wide range of ionic liquid (IL) mass fractions up to 0.8 and in a relatively complete composition range for the volatile binary pair. The nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) equation was used for correlation and was revealed to be adequate for the ternary system in the experimental composition range. The ternary VLE behavior was also modeled by the correlation of two data sets, in which the ethanol mole fraction on IL-free basis is respectively at 0.1 and 0.98. In this way, the six data sets were reproduced satisfactorily, with root-mean-square deviations of 0.40 K for temperature and 0.0070 for vapor-phase mole fractions. Owing to the regular distribution of the experimental data, a good agreement between the experiment and the calculation was graphically presented. The effect of the IL on the VLE behavior of the volatile components was also illustrated.
- Geng, Wei,Zhang, Lianzhong,Deng, Dongshun,Ge, Yun,Ji, Jianbing
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- Various metal organic frameworks combined with imidazolium, quinolinum and benzothiazolium ionic liquids for removal of three antibiotics from water
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In this research, imidazolium, quinolinum and benzothiazolium based ionic liquids (ILs) were immobilized on a metal organic framework (MOF) by solvent impregnation or capillary action. The synthesized IL@MOF composite materials were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM and TGA methods and then applied in removal of tetracyclines (TCs) from aqueous samples. The presence of ionic liquids significantly improved the adsorption efficiency of the metal organic framework, with 82% or higher removal percentage was obtained for the three target TCs while the pristine MOFs adsorption efficiency was below 50%. This could be attributed to the ability of ILs to make complex interaction with target drugs via multiple intermolecular forces. Experimental results revealed the effects of three significant factors including pH, temperature and solid-liquid ratio, and optimum adsorption efficiency could be achieved at pH 8 and 30 °C when solid-liquid ratio = 1:2 was adopted. The adsorption kinetics was properly fitted with pseudo-second order model and Redlich-Peterson model could be used to describe the adsorption isotherm for three antibiotics; moreover, the adsorption was an endothermic and spontaneous process in nature. Finally, the adsorbed TCs could be desorbed efficiently and the performance of the IL@MOF sorbent was further verified by actual water samples.
- Yohannes, Alula,Li, Jing,Yao, Shun
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- Method for synthesizing antioxygen 1076
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The invention belongs to the technical field of fine chemistry and particularly relates to a method for synthesizing antioxygen 1076. The method is prepared by carrying out an ester exchange reaction on raw materials including beta-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl propionate and octadecanol; the ester exchange reaction is carried out in a neutral/weakly alkaline ionic liquid catalysis system. According to the method provided by the invention, neutral/weakly alkaline ionic liquid is used as a catalyst and the catalysis performance is good; the content of final products reaches 99% or more and the yield reaches 97.5% or more. In a 1076 esterification reaction, performances of the neutral/weakly alkaline ionic liquid catalyst are better than catalysts including sodium methylate, potassium tert-butanolate, organic tin, organic titanium and the like. By utilizing the ionic liquid catalysis system, post-treatment operation is simple; the catalyst is environmentally friendly and the catalyst can be circularly utilized; and the product has a good color and high yield.
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Paragraph 0020; 0021
(2017/07/21)
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- A New Mode of Operation of Pd-NHC Systems Studied in a Catalytic Mizoroki-Heck Reaction
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Metal complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands are typically considered the system of choice for homogeneous catalysis with well-defined molecular active species due to their stable metal-ligand framework. A detailed study involving 19 different Pd-NHC complexes with imidazolium, benzimidazolium, and triazolium ligands has been carried out in the present work and revealed a new mode of operation of metal-NHC systems. The catalytic activity of the studied Pd-NHC systems is predominantly determined by the cleavage of the metal-NHC bond, while the catalyst performance is strongly affected by the stabilization of in situ formed metal clusters. In the present study, the formation of Pd nanoparticles was observed from a broad range of metal complexes with NHC ligands under standard Mizoroki-Heck reaction conditions. A mechanistic analysis revealed two different pathways to connect Pd-NHC complexes to "cocktail"-type catalysis: (i) reductive elimination from a Pd(II) intermediate and the release of NHC-containing byproducts and (ii) dissociation of NHC ligands from Pd intermediates. Metal-NHC systems are ubiquitously applied in modern organic synthesis and catalysis, while the new mode of operation revealed in the present study guides catalyst design and opens a variety of novel opportunities. As shown by experimental studies and theoretical calculations, metal clusters and nanoparticles can be readily formed from M-NHC complexes after formation of new M-C or M-H bonds followed by C-NHC or H-NHC coupling. Thus, a combination of a classical molecular mode of operation and a novel cocktail-type mode of operation, described in the present study, may be anticipated as an intrinsic feature of M-NHC catalytic systems.
- Astakhov, Alexander V.,Khazipov, Oleg V.,Chernenko, Andrey Yu.,Pasyukov, Dmitry V.,Kashin, Alexey S.,Gordeev, Evgeniy G.,Khrustalev, Victor N.,Chernyshev, Victor M.,Ananikov, Valentine P.
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p. 1981 - 1992
(2017/06/14)
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- Recyclable zinc (II) ionic liquid catalyzed synthesis of azides by direct azidation of alcohols using trimethylsilylazide at room temperature
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A new efficient method has been reported for the synthesis of azides by direct azidation of alcohols with TMSN3 in presence of recyclable task specific ionic liquid (TSIL) [bmim]ZnCl3 as a catalyst in DCM at room temperature. Ionic liquid [bmim]ZnCl3 was synthesized under solvent free conditions and characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS. The Lewis acidity of catalyst was also examined using IR spectroscopy. The main features of this new methodology are high yields of products, recyclability of catalyst, scalability of reaction to gram scale and short reaction time.
- Singh, Ashima,Singh, Harjinder,Khurana
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p. 2498 - 2502
(2017/05/31)
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- One-pot water-free ionic liquids synthesis using trialkyl orthoesters
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The present invention relates to a manufacturing method of an ionic liquid, including a step of manufacturing an amine based compound or a heterocyclic compound including alkylated nitrogen made by making a negative ion salt compound and trialkyl ortho esters react with at least one among heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen and amine based compounds.COPYRIGHT KIPO 2015
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Paragraph 0108-0112
(2016/10/10)
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- Cyanoborohydride-based ionic liquids as green aerospace bipropellant fuels
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In propellant systems, the most common bipropellants are composed of two chemicals, a fuel (or reducer) and an oxidizer. Currently, the choices for propellant fuels rely mainly on hydrazine and its methylated derivatives, even though they are extremely toxic, highly volatile, sensitive to adiabatic compression (risk of detonation), and, therefore, difficult to handle. With this background, the search for alternative green propellant fuels has been an urgent goal of space science. In this study, a new family of cyanoborohydride-based ionic liquids (ILs) with properties and performances comparable to hydrazine derivatives were designed and synthesized. These new ILs as bipropellant fuels, have some unique advantages including negligible vapor pressure, ultra-short ignition delay (ID) time, and reduced synthetic and storage costs, thereby showing great application potential as environmentally friendly fuels in bipropellant formulations.
- Zhang, Qinghua,Yin, Ping,Zhang, Jiaheng,Shreeve, Jean'Ne M.
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p. 6909 - 6914
(2014/06/09)
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- A general and direct synthesis of imidazolium ionic liquids using orthoesters
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A general method to synthesize halide and halide-free ionic liquids was developed. Direct alkylation of imidazole and pyridine derivatives was performed in the presence of an acid using an orthoester as the alkyl donor yielding ionic liquid products. Residual Cl and water contents of the ionic liquids were determined by ion chromatography and a Karl-Fisher test. the Partner Organisations 2014.
- Kim, Do Joong,Oh, Kyung Hwan,Park, Jin Kyoon
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supporting information
p. 4098 - 4101
(2014/11/07)
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- Desulfurization of hydrocarbons by ionic liquids and preparation of ionic liquids
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The present invention relates to an improved desulfurization process using an ionic liquid compound of general formula C+A?, where C+ represents an organic cation such as alkyl-pyridinium, di-alkyl imidazolium and tri-alkyl imidazolium; and A? is an anion of halides of iron (III), such as, for example, FeCl4?. The desulfurization process is also improved when producing the ionic liquid compound by heating the reactants using microwave energy. The ionic liquids can be used to desulfurize hydrocarbon mixtures by a liquid-liquid extraction.
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(2014/09/16)
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- A simple halide-to-anion exchange method for heteroaromatic salts and ionic liquids
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A broad and simple method permitted halide ions in quaternary heteroaromatic and ammonium salts to be exchanged for a variety of anions using an anion exchange resin (A- form) in non-aqueous media. The anion loading of the AER (OH- form) was examined using two different anion sources, acids or ammonium salts, and changing the polarity of the solvents. The AER (A- form) method in organic solvents was then applied to several quaternary heteroaromatic salts and ILs, and the anion exchange proceeded in excellent to quantitative yields, concomitantly removing halide impurities. Relying on the hydrophobicity of the targeted ion pair for the counteranion swap, organic solvents with variable polarity were used, such as CH3OH, CH3CN and the dipolar nonhydroxylic solvent mixture CH3CN:CH2Cl 2 (3:7) and the anion exchange was equally successful with both lipophilic cations and anions.
- Alcalde, Ermitas,Dinares, Immaculada,Ibanez, Anna,Mesquida, Neus
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experimental part
p. 4007 - 4027
(2012/07/28)
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- A novel and green method for the synthesis of ionic liquids using the corresponding acidic ionic liquid precursors and dialkyl carbonate
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A novel and green method for the synthesis of dialkylimidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) has been developed. It was through a one-step alkylation of dialkyl carbonate with the corresponding acidic ionic liquid precursors (AILPs) prepared from the neutralization of imidazole derivatives with acids.
- Xiao, Wenjun,Wang, Xiaoxing,Chen, Qin,Wu, Tinghua,Wu, Ying,Dai, Lizong,Song, Chunshan
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 1112 - 1113
(2011/08/08)
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- An efficient ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of imidazolium and pyridinium salts based on the Zincke reaction
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A mild and efficient method has been developed using ultrasound irradiation for the synthesis of imidazolium and pyridinium salts based on the Zincke reaction. Tertiary nitrogen nucleophiles such as pyridines and imidazoles can be alkylated with primary amine by simply using their ammonium form Zincke salts. In almost all cases, a clear yield increase results and a dramatic reduction of the reaction time accompanied by an improved quality of the products occurs.
- Zhao, Sanhu,Xu, Xiaoming,Zheng, Lu,Liu, Hai
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experimental part
p. 685 - 689
(2011/02/23)
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- PROCESS FOR PREPARING IONIC LIQUIDS BY ANION EXCHANGE
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Process for preparing salts of the formula I [in-line-formulae](B+)nxAy?[/in-line-formulae] where B is a cation comprising at least one nitrogen atom, A is an anion and n is an integer from 1 to 3, x and y are each an integer from 1 to 3 and the product of x and y is equal to n, by reacting salts of the formula II [in-line-formulae](B+)nxAy?[/in-line-formulae] where B and n, x and y are as defined above and C is a compound which has one or more carboxylate groups (referred to as carboxylate for short) and is different from A, with the ammonium salt of the anion A or with the protic acid of the anion A in the presence of ammonia.
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Page/Page column 7-8
(2010/09/05)
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- DISSOLUTION AND PROCESSING OF CELLULOSE
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The invention relates to a method for dissolving the components of gel forming materials suitable for use in wound care comprising the steps of admixing said components with an ionic liquid. The ionic liquid may be selected from the group of tertiary amine N-oxides, N,N-dimethyl formamide/nitrogen tetroxide mixtures, dimethyl sulphoxide/paraformaldehyde mixtures and solutions of limium chloride in N,N-dimethyl acetamide or N-methylpyrrolidone.
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- Imidazolium ionic liquids: A simple anion exchange protocol
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An efficient and simple protocol was developed to obtain quantitative iodide or bromide exchange for a broad range of anions in imidazolium ionic liquids. Selected anions were loaded in an anion exchange resin using two different procedures and were then used to provide a pure convenient ion pair. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2009.
- Dinares, Immaculada,Garcia De Miguel, Cristina,Ibanez, Anna,Mesquida, Neus,Alcalde, Ermitas
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 1507 - 1510
(2010/06/11)
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- Chloroalkylsulfonate ionic liquids by ring opening of sultones with organic chloride salts
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An efficient route to prepare ionic liquids with chloroalkylsulfonate anions is presented; the synthesis proceeds in a one-step ring-opening reaction of sultones with an organic chloride salt and provides a very attractive access to new anion functionalised ionic liquids. The Royal Society of Chemistry.
- Paape, Natalia,Wei, Wei,Boesmann, Andreas,Kolbeck, Claudia,Maier, Florian,Steinrueck, Hans-Peter,Wasserscheid, Peter,Schulz, Peter Steffen
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body text
p. 3867 - 3869
(2009/02/07)
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- Method for producing haloalkanes from alcohols
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The invention relates to a process for preparing haloalkanes by reaction of alcohol with hydrogen halide, wherein the reaction of the alcohol with the hydrogen halide occurs in the presence of an ionic liquid at a temperature which is above 100° C. for at least part of the time and, at least at the time of the commencement of the reaction, the water content is not more than 25 mol % based on the amount of liquid, where the ionic liquid is not octyltrimethylammonium chloride.
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- An efficient conjugate hydrothiocyanation of chalcones with a task-specific ionic liquid
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A new and efficient method of conjugate hydrothiocyanation of chalcones along with the preparation of a probe for demonstrating the utility of the resulting β-thiocyanato ketones in heterocyclic synthesis is reported. Chalcones undergo an efficient conjugate hydrothiocyanation with the task-specific ionic liquid (TSIL), 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate ([bmim]SCN) followed by reaction with AcONH4 or an amine to afford chemically and pharmaceutically interesting 2-amino-1,3-thiazines at room temperature in a one-pot procedure. After isolation of the product, the ionic liquid [bmim]OH could be used for the synthesis of [bmim]SCN, thus allowing recycling of the TSIL for further use.
- Yadav, Lal Dhar S.,Patel, Rajesh,Rai, Vijai K.,Srivastava, Vishnu P.
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p. 7793 - 7795
(2008/03/11)
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- METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HETEROCYCLIC QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS AND/OR GUANIDINE COMPOUNDS HAVING HIGH PURITY
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A method for the production of heterocylic quaternary ammonium compounds and/or guanidine compounds, wherein the carboxylate of the corresponding heterocyclic quaternary ammonium cation and/or guanidine cation containing the carboxylate anion of general formula R'-COO- (I), wherein R' represents hydrogen; C1- C7-alkyl; -OOC-(CH2)n- wherein n is equal to 0, 1 or 2; R"OOC-(CH2)n- wherein n is equal to 0, 1 or 2; -OOC-CH=CH-; R"OOC-CH=CH-; ethenyl; 2-propenyl; or a phenyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by one to five independently selected groups from the series of C1- C6-alkyl, hydroxy, carboxylate (-COO-), carboxy (-COOH) and C1- C6- alkyloxy carbonyl (-COOR# wherein R# equals C1 - C6-alkyl) and R" equals hyrogen or C1- C6-alkyl; is reacted with an inorganic or organic protonic acid with a pKa-value of von 14 measured at 25 °C in an aqueous solution.
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Page/Page column 30
(2008/06/13)
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- EuIII luminescence in a hygroscopic ionic liquid: Effect of water and evidence for a complexation process
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The spectroscopic characteristics (excitation, emission and lifetime) of EuIII dissolved in 1-methyl-3-butylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfon)imide (BumimTf2N) are reported. In a first series of experiments, the effect of the presence of water in BumimTf 2N was examined. It appears that non-degassed solutions are most probably inhomogeneous, displaying large water clusters leading to an intense diffusion of the red light of an He:Ne laser. In these samples, the Eu emission spectrum is close to that observed in slightly acidic aqueous solutions. In contrast, when the samples were degassed the solution appeared homogeneous and water can be considered as a competitive ligand for the first coordination sphere of Eu. In a subsequent series of experiments, tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBACl) was added to the solution and the resultant species investigated. The ensuing enhancement in the metal-centered luminescence has been interpreted in terms of changes in the inner coordination sphere of the EuIII ion and possible structures are discussed. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004.
- Billard, Isabelle,Mekki, Soufiane,Gaillard, Clotilde,Hesemann, Peter,Moutiers, Gilles,Mariet, Clarisse,Labet, Alexandre,Buenzli, Jean-Claude G.
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p. 1190 - 1197
(2007/10/03)
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- Organic salt conditioner, organic salt-containing composition, and uses thereof
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The present invention relates to the use of, and a composition containing, at least one non-polymeric organic salt with a melting point of less than 60° C. These organic salts may be imidazolium, pyrazolium, pyridinium, pyrimidinium or tetraalkylphosphonium salts. The inventinon composition may be used for washing (cleaning) and/or conditioning keratin materials, and especially the hair.
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- Method for prepararing alkoxyamines from nitroxides
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The invention concerns a method for preparing alkoxyamines in a biphasic medium. Said method consists in mixing an ionic liquid, an organic solvent, a metal salt, a metal ligand, a halogeno-carbonaceous ZX compound and a nitroxide, maintaining the reaction medium under agitation at a temperature between 20° C. and 90° C., until the nitroxide is eliminated, decanting, recuperating the organic phase, optionally washing it with water and then in isolating the alkoxyamine by evaporating the organic solvent under reduced pressure.
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- Alkylation process
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This invention relates to a process for the alkylation of aromatics by reacting an aromatic hydrocarbon with an olefin in the presence of an ionic liquid comprising (a) a compound of the formula Rn MX3-n wherein R is a C1-C6 alkyl radical, M is aluminium or gallium, X is a halogen atom and n is 0, 1 or 2 and, (b) a hydrocarbyl substituted imidazolium halide or a hydrocarbyl substituted pyridinium halide wherein at least one of the said hydrocarbyl substituents in the imidazolium halide is an alkyl group having 1-18 carbon atoms. The process allows ready separation of reaction products from the ionic liquid and improves selectivity to alkylated products.
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