- A Continuous-Flow Method for the Desulfurization of Substituted Thioimidazoles Applied to the Synthesis of Etomidate Derivatives
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A simple yet robust flow set-up for the efficient desulfurization of a series of thioimidazoles is presented, which generates the corresponding imidazole derivatives in high yields. The strategic choice of peristaltic over piston pumps allowed reliable delivery of the heterogeneous stream of the thioimidazole substrate into a T-piece where it reacted with NaNO2 in the presence of acetic acid. This approach enabled the controlled and safe formation of the reactive nitrosonium species without uncontrolled exposure to hazardous nitrous oxide by-products as observed in related batch protocols. The value of the resulting imidazole products was further demonstrated by their conversion into various esters representing new derivatives of the known analgesic etomidate through an efficient one-pot Corey–Gilman–Ganem oxidation procedure.
- Baumann, Marcus,Baxendale, Ian R.
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p. 6518 - 6524
(2017/12/02)
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- AZOLE HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUND, PREPARATION METHOD, PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND USE
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The present invention relates to the filed of pharmarcutical chemistry, and in particular, to a novel class of azole compounds represented by general formula (I), (II) or (III) amd a preparation method thereof, a pharmarcutical composition with the compounds as active components, and a use of the azole compounds and the pharmarcutical composition in the preparation of a medicament for treatment of diseases associated with Lp-PLA2 enzyme activities, wherein each substituent is as deinfed in the specifictaion.
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- AZOLE HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUND, PREPARATION METHOD, PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND USE
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The present invention relates to the field of pharmaceutical chemistry, and in particular, to a novel class of azole compounds represented by general formula (I), (II) or (III) and a preparation method thereof, a pharmaceutical composition with the compounds as active components, and a use of the azole compounds and the pharmaceutical composition in the preparation of a medicament for treatment of diseases associated with Lp-PLA2 enzyme activities, wherein each substituent is as defined in the specification.
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- Preparation of 2'-13c-l-histidine starting from 13c-thiocyanate: Synthetic access to any site-directed stable isotope enriched l-histidine
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1-Benzyl-2-(methylthio)-imidazole-5-ketone is obtained in a few simple steps starting from thiocyanate and glycine amide (glycin). Subsequent treatment with diethyl phosphorocyanidate and functional group manipulations gives 1-benzyl-5-chloromethylimidazolium chloride. This compound is converted under mild O'Donnell conditions into the corresponding L-histidine derivative. After deprotection L-histidine is obtained in good yield and 99% enantiomeric excess. 2'-13C-L-Histidine has been obtained via this new scheme with high (99%) 13C incorporation starting with commercially available 13C- thiocyanate. This synthetic scheme allows access to any isotopomer of L-histidine and many other biologically important imidazole derivatives.
- Talab, Sarra,Taha, Kamal Khalifa,Lugtenburg, Johan
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p. 1023 - 1033
(2014/02/14)
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- Structure-based design of imidazole-containing peptidomimetic inhibitors of protein farnesyltransferase
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A series of imidazole-containing peptidomimetic PFTase inhibitors and their co-crystal structures bound to PFTase and FPP are reported. The structures reveal that the peptidomimetics adopt a similar conformation to that of the extended CVIM tetrapeptide,
- Ohkanda, Junko,Strickland, Corey L.,Blaskovich, Michelle A.,Carrico, Dora,Lockman, Jeffrey W.,Vogt, Andreas,Bucher, Cynthia J.,Sun, Jiazhi,Qian, Yimin,Knowles, David,Pusateri, Erin E.,Sebti, Said M.,Hamilton, Andrew D.
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p. 482 - 492
(2008/02/04)
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- Novel N-(4-piperidinyl)benzamide antimalarials with mammalian protein farnesyltransferase inhibitory activity
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Protein farnesyltransferase of Plasmodium falciparum is a potential target in the treatment of malaria for which increased drug resistance is observed. The design, synthesis and evaluation of a series of N-(4-piperidinyl)benzamides is reported. The most potent compounds showed in vitro activity against the parasite at submicromolar concentrations.
- Ryckebusch, Adina,Gilleron, Pauline,Millet, Regis,Houssin, Raymond,Lemoine, Amelie,Pommery, Nicole,Grellier, Philippe,Sergheraert, Christian,Henichart, Jean-Pierre
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p. 1324 - 1326
(2007/10/03)
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- Potent and selective farnesyl transferase inhibitors
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We recently described a novel series of CA1A2X peptidomimetics as farnesyl transferase inhibitors (FTIs). These compounds possess an N-(4-piperidinyl)benzamide scaffold mimicking A1A 2 residue. Extensive exploration of structure-activity relationships revealed that replacement of cysteine by substituted benzylimidazoles provided nanomolar FTIs with in vitro activities (18e, IC50 = 4.60 nM on isolated enzyme, EC50 = 20.0 nM for growth inhibition on a tumor cell line). The molecular docking of 18e and 19e in the active site of the enzyme provided details of key interactions with the protein and showed that the methionine or phenylalanine residue fits into the aryl binding site.
- Millet, Régis,Domarkas, Juozas,Houssin, Raymond,Gilleron, Pauline,Goossens, Jean-Fran?ois,Chavatte, Philippe,Logé, Cédric,Pommery, Nicole,Pommery, Jean,Hénichart, Jean-Pierre
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p. 6812 - 6820
(2007/10/03)
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- Process for preparing a 1-substituted 5-hydroxymethyl imidazole
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A process for preparing a 1-substituted 5-hydroxymethylimidazole of the formula: , wherein R represents alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, allyl, or substituted or unsubstituted arylmethyl or diarylmethyl, comprising the step of reacting a 1-substituted 2-mercapto-5-hy
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- Parallel liquid synthesis of N,N′-disubstituted 3-amino azepin-2-ones as potent and specific farnesyl transferase inhibitors
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A rapid structure-activity study was performed by parallel liquid synthesis on N,N′-disubstitution of 3-amino azepin-2-one to afford potent and specific farnesyl transferase inhibitors with low nM enzymatic and cellular activities. The activities of the selected compounds were validated in vivo, and compounds 41a and 44a presented significant antitumour activity.
- Le Diguarher, Thierry,Ortuno, Jean-Claude,Dorey, Gilbert,Shanks, David,Guilbaud, Nicolas,Pierre, Alain,Fauchere, Jean-Luc,Hickman, John A.,Tucker, Gordon C.,Casara, Patrick J.
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p. 3193 - 3204
(2007/10/03)
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- Preparation of a clinically investigated ras farnesyl transferase inhibitor
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The synthesis of ras farnesyl-protein transferase inhibitor 1 is described on a multi-kilogram scale. Retrosynthetic analysis reveals chloromethylimidazole 2 and a piperazinone 3 as viable precursors. The 1,5-disubstituted imidazole system was regioselectively assembled via an improved Marckwald imidazole synthesis. A new imidazole dethionation procedure has been developed to convert the Marckwald mercaptoimidazole product to the desired imidazole. This methodology was found to be tolerant of a variety of functional groups providing good to excellent yields of 1,5-disubstituted imidazoles. A new Mitsunobu cyclization strategy was developed to prepare the arylpiperazinone fragment 3.
- Maligres, Peter E.,Waters, Marjorie S.,Weissman, Steven A.,McWilliams, J. Christopher,Lewis, Stephanie,Cowen, Jennifer,Reamer, Robert A.,Volante,Reider, Paul J.,Askin, David
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p. 229 - 241
(2007/10/03)
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- Improved specific synthesis of [1′-15N]- and [3′-15N]L-histidine
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Specifically, 15N-enriched L-histidines have been prepared. The labelling methodology involves introduction of labels in its precursor 1-benzyl-5-hydroxy methyl imidazole, which is converted into L-histidine via the Schoellkopf method. The procedure allows the preparation of the intermediates and finally histidine with high 15N enrichment (99%) at each position, in 29% overall yield starting with 15NH4Cl and 56% with KSC15N, respectively. Copyright
- Soede-Huijbregts,Van Laren,Hulsbergen,Raap,Lugtenburg
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p. 831 - 841
(2007/10/03)
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- Preparation and structure determination of 1-benzyl-, 1-methyl- and 1H-5-[(2-nitro-2-phenyl)ethenyl]imidazoles
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1-R-5-[(2-Nitro-2-phenyl)ethenyl]imidazoles (R = Bn, Me, H) 6a,b,c were synthesized by the Knoevenagel reaction of the corresponding aldehydes 4a,b,c with phenylnitromethane 5. The E-isomers 6a,b,c were precipitated from the reaction mixture as crystalline compounds in 89, 81 and 60% yields, respectively. Traces of the Z-isomers 6a'b',c' were found in the reaction mixtures but could be obtained in a ratio of 4:3 from the E-form with UV irradiation. The E-forms were more stable and the Z-isomers changed again to the E-isomers in several weeks.
- Aulaskari, Paula,Ahlgren, Markku,Rouvinen, Juha,Vainiotalo, Pirjo,Pohjala, Esko,Vepsaelaeinen, Jouko
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p. 1345 - 1354
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of L-histidine specifically labelled with stable isotopes
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(2'-13C)-, (1'-15N)- and (3'-15N)-L-Histidine were prepared according to a synthetic scheme that allows the 13C or 15N labelling of all carbon and nitrogen positions or any combination of positions.A 1,5-disubstituted imidazole ring was constructed via condensation of tosylmethyl isocyanide with 3-phenylpropenal and subsequent cycloaddition of benzylamine.The imidazole intermediate was converted into 1-benzyl-5-(chloromethyl)-imidazolium chloride which was coupled to a glycine moiety via an enantioselective coupling with the bislactim ether of cyclo-D-valylglycine.Deprotection of the coupling product afforded L-histidine in high optical purity.Syntheses for the isotopically labelled synthons were developed starting from simple, comercially available, highly enriched compounds.The labelled L-histidines were characterized by mass spectrometry and 1H-, 13C- and 15N-NMR spectroscopy.
- Cappon, J. J.,Witters, K. D.,Baart, J.,Verdegem, P. J. E.,Hoek, A. C.,et al.
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p. 318 - 328
(2007/10/02)
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- New synthesis of 1,5-disubstituted imidazoles
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A new synthesis of 1-alkylimidazole-5-carbaldehydes starting from [3- (dimethylamino)-2-azaprop-2-enylidene]dimethylammonium chloride and alkyl N- alkylglycinate is described.
- Kirchlechner,Casutt,Heywang,Schwarz
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p. 247 - 248
(2007/10/02)
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- THE CHEMICAL SIMULATION OF THE "ATP-IMIDAZOLE" CYCLE
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The synthetic strategy inherent in the "ATP-Imidazole" cycle and centred around the vicinal disposition of -NH2 and -CONH2 functions, has been demonstrated with anthranilamide (2) and 1-benzyl-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (1) as regeneratable carriers involving specifically N-alkylated quinazolin-4-ones, hypoxantines and adenines, as key intermediates.The isolation and characterization of the enamine (22) coupled with other observations has made it possible to rationalize the pathways involved in these cyclic operations.The practical utility of the synthetic strategy using regeneratable carriers has beem illustrated with the synthesis of a range of 1,5-disubstituted imidazoles.Whilst pathways leading to specific N-alkylation in the Natural cycle and in simulation studies are comparable, the subsequent events take place in a reverse order, primarily because of the divergence in the hydrolitic profile of the alkylated substrates.The action of dilute alkali on 3-alkylated quinazolin-4-ones leads to 2-3 rather than 3-4 bond rupture.Endeavours to promote the latter path, by blocking the 2 position gave unexpected results. 2-Methyl-3-phenacyl quinazolin-4-one gave with dilute alkali the novel aromatic tricyclic system (32) from trans-annular cyclization.On the other hand the 2-blocked 3-benzamido quinazolin-4-ones (33) and (34) gave triazoles (35) and (36) arising from the desired 3-4 rupture followed by cyclization initiated by the resulting amidine unit. 2-Phenil-3-benzamidoquinazolin-4-one (34) with distilled water at 200 deg C gave a number of products whicc have been identified and their formation explained.
- Ranganathan, Darshan,Farooqui, Firdous,Bhattacharyya, Diphti,Mehrotra, Sanjiv,Kesavan, K.
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p. 4481 - 4492
(2007/10/02)
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- Substituted 2-mercapto-imidazoles and their preparation
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The invention provides novel 1-substituted-5-hydroxymethyl-2-mercapto-imidazoles of the formula STR1 wherein R is pyridylmethyl, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a radical of formula: STR2 in which R1 is hydrogen or halogen and n is 1-3. These
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- SYNTHESIS ON TEMPLATES: REGIOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS OF IMIDAZOLES
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A new, biomimetic template operated strategy has been developed leading to regiospecific synthesis of imidazoles.
- Ranganathan, Darshan,Farooqui, Firdous
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p. 5701 - 5704
(2007/10/02)
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- Process for the production of hydroxymethylimidazoles
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This invention discloses a process for the production of hydroxymethylimidazoles which comprises reacting imidazolecarboxylic acids, their esters or inorganic salts with a formaldehyde agent in the presence of an alkali in an aqueous medium.
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