830-74-0Relevant articles and documents
Novel spiro and fused heterocycles from the allylation of indigo
Abdel-Hamid, Mohammed K.,Bremner, John B.,Coates, Jonathan,Keller, Paul A.,Mil?nder, Celia,Torkamani, Yasmine S.,Skelton, Brian W.,White, Allan H.,Willis, Anthony C.
, p. 6947 - 6950 (2009)
The allylation of indigo results in the one-step synthesis of two unique complex heterocyclic systems: a spiroindoline-pyridoindolone arising from the addition of three allyl moieties and a fused pyridoindolo-azepinoindolone generated from the addition and subsequent cyclisation of two allyl moieties. The structures of these novel heterocycles are assigned unambiguously using extensive NMR experiments and by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The distribution of the products is influenced by the use of thermal versus microwave heating. Crown Copyright
Discovery of Isatin-Based Carbohydrazones as Potential Dual Inhibitors of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase and Monoacylglycerol Lipase
Jaiswal, Shivani,Ayyannan, Senthil Raja
, (2021/11/09)
Using ligand-based design strategy, a set of isatin-3-carbohydrazones was designed, synthesized and evaluated for dual fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibition properties. Compound 5-chloro-N′-(5-chloro-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-2-hydroxybenzohydrazide (13 b) emerged as a potent MAGL inhibitor with nanomolar activity (IC50=3.33 nM), while compound 5-chloro-N′-(1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-2-hydroxybenzohydrazide (13 j) was the most potent selective FAAH inhibitor (IC50=37 nM). Compound 5-chloro-N′-(6-chloro-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-2-hydroxybenzohydrazide (13 c) showed dual FAAH-MAGL inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 31 and 29 nM respectively. Enzyme kinetics studies revealed that the isatin-based carbohydrazones are reversible inhibitors for both FAAH and MAGL. Further, blood-brain permeability assay confirmed that the lead compounds (13 b, 13 c, 13 g, 13 m and 13 q) are suitable as CNS candidates. Molecular dynamics simulation studies revealed the putative binding modes and key interactions of lead inhibitors within the enzyme active sites. The lead dual FAAH-MAGL inhibitor 13 c showed significant antioxidant activity and neuroprotection in the cell-based cytotoxicity assay. In summary, the study yielded three potent FAAH/MAGL inhibitor compounds (13 b, 13 c and 13 j) with acceptable pharmacokinetic profile and thus can be considered as promising candidates for treating neurological and mood disorders.
Rongalite-induced transition-metal and hydride-free reductive aldol reaction: a rapid access to 3,3′-disubstituted oxindoles and its mechanistic studies
Anugu, Naveenkumar,Golla, Sivaparwathi,Jalagam, Swathi,Kokatla, Hari Prasad
supporting information, p. 808 - 816 (2022/02/03)
A transition-metal and hydride-free reductive aldol reaction has been developed for the synthesis of biologically active 3,3′-disubstituted oxindoles from isatin derivatives using rongalite. In this protocol, rongalite plays a dual role as a hydride-free
Photoenolization/nucleophilic addition enables direct access to 3-alkyl-3-hydroxy-indolin-2-ones
Guan, Zhi,He, Yan-Hong,Tang, Li,Wang, Zhi-Lv,Zeng, Wei-Mei
supporting information, (2022/03/27)
A light-driven, catalyst- and additive-free photoenolization/nucleophilic addition reaction for the synthesis of 3-benzyl-3-hydroxyindolin-2-ones is presented. In this reaction, 2-methylbenzophenones undergo light-induced enolization process to afford hydroxy-o-quinodimethanes (hydroxy-o-QDMs), which are then immediately captured by the electrophilic isatins. The reaction utilizes green and clean light energy to realize the C–H activation of the inert benzyl position of 2-methylbenzophenones. This method tolerates a wide scope of substrates and provides concise access to a series of novel 3-benzyl-3-hydroxyindolin-2-ones with 60–99% yields.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Cyclic Acetals with Spirooxindole Skeleton
Shikari, Amit,Mandal, Koushik,Chopra, Deepak,Pan, Subhas Chandra
supporting information, p. 58 - 63 (2021/11/09)
An organocatalytic asymmetric synthesis of cyclic acetal with spirooxindole skeleton has been developed via a domino reaction between isatin and γ-hydroxy enones. Bifunctional squaramide catalyst with adamantyl motif was found to be the most effective for the cascade reaction. With 10 mol% of the catalyst, the desired products were obtained in 1.8:1 to 9:1 diastereo- and 86% to >99% enantioselectivities from a range of substituted isatins and γ-hydroxy enones. (Figure presented.).
Development of isatin-thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazole hybrids as novel CDK2 inhibitors with potent in vitro apoptotic anti-proliferative activity: Synthesis, biological and molecular dynamics investigations
Eldehna, Wagdy M.,El Hassab, Mahmoud A.,Abo-Ashour, Mahmoud F.,Al-Warhi, Tarfah,Elaasser, Mahmoud M.,Safwat, Nesreen A.,Suliman, Howayda,Ahmed, Marwa F.,Al-Rashood, Sara T.,Abdel-Aziz, Hatem A.,El-Haggar, Radwan
supporting information, (2021/03/15)
In the current medical era, human health is experiencing numerous challenges, particularly the human malignancies. Therefore, the therapeutic arsenal for these malignancies is to be inexorably enhanced with new treatments that target tumor cells in a selective manner. In this regard, the present work aims at developing a new set of small molecules featuring the privileged isatin scaffold conjugated with a thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazole (TBI) motif through a cleavable hydrazide linker (7a-e and 10a-i) as potential anticancer CDK2 inhibitors. The large tricyclic TBI motif is anticipated to achieve a plethora of hydrophobic interactions within the CDK2 binding site. The growth of the two examined cell lines was significantly inhibited by most the prepared hybrids with IC50 ranges; (2.60 ± 1.47–20.90 ± 1.17 μM, against MDA-MB-231) and (1.27 ± 0.06–16.83 ± 0.95 μM, against MCF-7). In particular, hybrids 7a, 7d and 10a displayed potent dual activity against the examined cell lines, and thus selected for further investigations. They exerted a significance alteration in the cell cycle progression, in addition to an apoptosis induction within both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, 7a, 7d and 10a displayed potent CDK2 inhibitory action (IC50 = 96.46 ± 5.3, 26.24 ± 1.4 and 42.95 ± 2.3 nM, respectively). The docking simulations unveiled, as expected, the ability of the TBI ring to well-accommodate and establish several hydrophobic interactions within a hydrophobic pocket in the CDK2 binding site. Also, the docking simulations highlighted the significance of incorporation of the hydrazide linker and isatin unsubstituted (NH) functionality in the H-bonding interactions. Interestingly, the most potent CDK2 inhibitor 7d achieved the best binding score (-11.2 Kcal/mole) and formed the most stable complex with CDK2 enzyme (RMSD = 1.24 ?) in a 100 ns MD simulation. In addition, the MM-PBSA calculations ascribed the lowest binding free energy to the 7d–CDK2 complex (?323.69 ± 15.17 kJ/mol). This could be attributed to an incorporation of the 5-OCH3 group that was engaged in an extra hydrogen bonding with key THR14 amino acid residue. Finally, these results suggested hybrid 7d as a good candidate for further optimization as promising breast cancer antitumor agent and CDK2 inhibitor.
Applications of Ytterbium(II) Reagent as Grignard Reagent and Single-Electron Transfer Reagent in the Synthesis of 3-Substituted 2-Oxindoles
Wang, Pengkai,Cao, Xuyan,Zhang, Songlin
supporting information, p. 3836 - 3846 (2021/07/02)
The use of ytterbium(II) reagent as both nucleophilic reagent and single-electron transfer reagent in the reaction of isatin derivatives with ytterbium(II) reagent is reported. From a synthetic point of view, a general, efficient, and experimentally simple one-pot method for the preparation of 3-substituted 2-oxindoles was developed.
Microwave-assisted synthesis and antimicrobial activity of novel spiro 1,3,4-thiadiazolines from isatin derivatives
da Costa, Daniel Pereira,de Castro, Aleff Cruz,da Silva, Girlyanderson Araújo,Lima-Junior, Claudio Gabriel,de Andrade Júnior, Francisco Patricio,de Oliveira Lima, Edeltrudes,Vaz, Boniek Gontijo,da Silva, Lidya Cardoso
, p. 766 - 776 (2020/12/31)
This work describes the synthesis of spiro 1,3,4-thiadiazolines from isatin-β-thiosemicarbazone acetylation, using microwave irradiation as a source of heating the reaction medium. N-substituted isatin derivatives were used as substrates to obtain thiosemicarbazones by adding thiosemicarbazide to the isatin ketone carbonyl. The final synthetic step was the reaction of thiosemicarbazones with acetic anhydride under microwave irradiation to get the spiro compounds. Reaction times ranged from 6 to 18 minutes resulting in yields of up to 90%. Biological assays have shown promising antibacterial and antifungal activity, especially spiro thiadiazolines derived from allylated isatins. All the proposed molecules proved to be potential drug candidates based on the results of the in silico investigation, with satisfactory drug-likeness and drug-score, respecting Lipinski's rule. The use of the microwave reactor was efficient for the synthesis of thiosemicarbazones and spiro compounds, resulting in a significant reduction in reaction times with conventional heating. Taking into account the threat of antimicrobial resistance, this work presents a series of bioactive molecules that are easily obtained via microwave reaction.
Novel oxindole/benzofuran hybrids as potential dual CDK2/GSK-3β inhibitors targeting breast cancer: design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and in silico studies
Eldehna, Wagdy M.,Al-Rashood, Sara T.,Al-Warhi, Tarfah,Eskandrani, Razan O.,Alharbi, Amal,El Kerdawy, Ahmed M.
, p. 270 - 285 (2020/12/18)
The serine/threonine protein kinases CDK2 and GSK-3β are key oncotargets in breast cancer cell lines, therefore, in the present study three series of oxindole-benzofuran hybrids were designed and synthesised as dual CDK2/GSK-3β inhibitors targeting breast cancer (5a–g, 7a–h, and 13a–b). The N1 -unsubstituted oxindole derivatives, series 5, showed moderate to potent activity on both MCF-7 and T-47D breast cancer cell lines. Compounds 5d–f showed the most potent cytotoxic activity with IC50 of 3.41, 3.45 and 2.27 μM, respectively, on MCF-7 and of 3.82, 4.53 and 7.80 μM, respectively, on T-47D cell lines, in comparison to the used reference standard (staurosporine) IC50 of 4.81 and 4.34 μM, respectively. On the other hand, the N1 -substituted oxindole derivatives, series 7 and 13, showed moderate to weak cytotoxic activity on both breast cancer cell lines. CDK2 and GSK-3β enzyme inhibition assay of series 5 revealed that compounds 5d and 5f are showing potent dual CDK2/GSK-3β inhibitory activity with IC50 of 37.77 and 52.75 nM, respectively, on CDK2 and 32.09 and 40.13 nM, respectively, on GSK-3β. The most potent compounds 5d–f caused cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase in MCF-7 cells inducing cell apoptosis because of the CDK2/GSK-3β inhibition. Molecular docking studies showed that the newly synthesised N1 -unsubstituted oxindole hybrids have comparable binding patterns in both CDK2 and GSK-3β. The oxindole ring is accommodated in the hinge region interacting through hydrogen bonding with the backbone CO and NH of the key amino acids Glu81 and Leu83, respectively, in CDK2 and Asp133 and Val135, respectively, in GSK-3β. Whereas, in series 7 and 13, the N1 -substitutions on the oxindole nucleus hinder the compounds from achieving these key interactions with hinge region amino acids what rationalises their moderate to low anti-proliferative activity.
Direct catalytic synthesis of β-(C3)-substituted pyrroles: A complementary addition to the Paal-Knorr reaction
Pawar, Amol Prakash,Yadav, Jyothi,Mir, Nisar Ahmad,Iype, Eldhose,Rangan, Krishnan,Anthal, Sumati,Kant, Rajni,Kumar, Indresh
supporting information, p. 251 - 254 (2021/01/13)
The synthesis of β-(C3)-functionalized pyrroles is a challenging task and requires a multistep protocol. An operationally simple direct catalytic synthesis of β-substituted pyrroles has been developed. This one-pot multicomponent method combined aqueous succinaldehyde as 1,4-dicarbonyl, primary amines, and isatins to access hydroxyl-oxindole β-tethered pyrroles. Direct synthesis of the β-substituted free NH-pyrrole is the central intensity of this work. DFT-calculations and preliminary mechanism investigation support the possible reaction pathway. This journal is
