- 4-Alkyl-3-azidomethyl-2-ethoxy-2,5-dihydro-5 H-1,2-oxaphosphole 2-Oxides: Synthesis and 1,3-Cycloaddition
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Starting from phosphorylated allenes, a three-steps synthesis of a new class of organic azides with a 1,2-oxaphospholene carbon skeleton has been developed. The series of obtained 4-alkyl-3-azidomethyl-2-ethoxy-2,5-dihydro-5H-1,2-oxaphosphole 2-oxides were utilized in the 1,3-cycloaddition with alkyl 2-[1-(propyn-2-yl)-1H-indol-3-yl]-2-oxoacetates for the synthesis of conjugates, which are potentially active cytostatics.
- Alekseychuk, Ekaterina P.,Anikina, Lada V.,Artyushin, Oleg I.,Brel, Valery K.
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supporting information
(2021/11/04)
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- Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Alkynyl and Styrenyl Chlorides with Alkyl Grignard Reagents in Batch and Flow
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Transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling chemistry can be regarded as one of the most powerful protocols to construct carbon–carbon bonds. While the field is still dominated by palladium catalysis, there is an increasing interest to develop protocols that utilize cheaper and more sustainable metal sources. Herein, we report a selective, practical, and fast iron-based cross-coupling reaction that enables the formation of Csp?Csp3 and Csp2?Csp3 bonds. In a telescoped flow process, the reaction can be combined with the Grignard reagent synthesis. Moreover, flow allows the use of a supporting ligand to be avoided without eroding the reaction selectivity.
- Deng, Yuchao,Wei, Xiao-Jing,Wang, Xiao,Sun, Yuhan,No?l, Timothy
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supporting information
p. 14532 - 14535
(2019/11/21)
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- Method for producing alkyl-bridged ligand systems and transition metal compounds
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The invention relates to a method for producing highly substituted alkyl-bridged ligand systems on the basis of indene derivatives and transition metal compounds. Said alkyl-bridged ligand systems can be obtained in high yields using this method.
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- An ESR and HPLC-EC assay for the detection of alkyl radicals
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The correlation of lipid peroxidation with release of alkanes (RH) is considered a noninvasive method for the in vivo evaluation of oxidative stress. The formation of RH is believed to reflect a lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH)-dependent generation of alkoxyl radicals (LO·) that undergo β-scission with release of alkyl radicals (R·). Alternatively, R· could be spin-trapped with a nitrone before the formation of RH and analyzed by ESR. Extracts from the liver and lung of CCl4- and asbestos-treated rats that were previously loaded with nitrones exhibited ESR spectra suggesting the formation of iso-propyl, n-butyl, ethyl, and pentyl radical-derived nitroxides. In biological systems, various nitroxides with indistinguishable ESR spectra could be formed. Hence, experiments with N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN) for spin trapping of R· were carried out in which the nitroxides formed were separated and analyzed by HPLC with electrochemical detection (EC). The C1-5 homologous series of PBN nitroxides and hydroxylamines were synthesized, characterized by ESR, GC-MS, and HPLC-EC, and used as HPLC standards. For in vivo generation and spin trapping of R·, rats were loaded with CCl4 and PBN. The HPLC-EC chromatograms of liver extracts from CCl4-treated rats demonstrated the formation of both the nitroxide and hydroxylamine forms of PBN/·CCl3, as well as the formation of a series of unidentified PBN nitroxides and hydroxylamines. However, formation of PBN adducts with retention times similar to these of the PBN/C2-5 derivatives was not observed. In conclusion, we could not correlate the production of PBN-detectable alkyl radicals with the reported CCl4-dependent production of C1-5 alkanes. We speculate that the major reason for this is the low steady-state concentrations of R· produced because only a small fraction of LO· undergo β-scission to release R·.
- Novakov,Feierman,Cederbaum,Stoyanovsky
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p. 1239 - 1246
(2007/10/03)
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- 19-nor-pregnene derivatives and pharmaceuticals containing such derivatives
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The invention relates to compounds of the formula:in which R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, n and X are as defined in the specification, and to pharmaceutical compositions containing them.These compounds are excellent progestogens which are devoid of residual androgenic activity.
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- Asymmetric Michael addition of malonate anions to prochiral acceptors catalyzed by L-proline rubidium salt
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L-Proline rubidium salt catalyzes the asymmetric Michael addition of malonate anions to prochiral enones and enals. This method can be applied to a wide range of substrates to give adducts with a predictable absolute configuration: (S)-adducts from (E)-enones/enals and (R)-adducts from cyclic (Z)-enones. Both the secondary amine moiety and the carboxylate moiety are critical for the catalytic activity and asymmetric induction. Varying the countercation also affects the reaction course. High enantiomeric excesses were attained when di(tert-butyl) malonate was added to (E)-enones in the presence of CsF. The stereochemistry of the Michael reaction indicates that asymmetric induction takes place via enantioface discrimination involving the acceptor α-carbon atom rather than the β-carbon atom.
- Yamaguchi, Masahiko,Shiraishi, Tai,Hirama, Masahiro
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p. 3520 - 3530
(2007/10/03)
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- 17-Substituted estradienes and estratrienes
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17-Substituted estradienes and estratrienes of Formula I STR1 wherein STR2 R is alkyl, alkenyl or cycloalkyl of up to 5 carbon atoms if STR3 R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl or cycloalkyl of up to 5 carbon atoms if STR4 is a CC-single or CC-double bond, exhibit, an aldosterone-antagonistic activity and a strong gestagen potency.
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- 7-oxabicycloheptane substituted amides useful in the treatment of thrombotic disease
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7-Oxabicycloheptane substituted amides are provided having the structural formula STR1 wherein m is 0 to 4; A is --CH=CH-- or --CH2 --CH2 --; n is 1 to 5; R is CO2 H, CO2 alkyl, CO2 alkali metal, CO2 polyhydroxyamine salt, STR2 wherein R4 and R5 are the same or different and are H, lower alkyl, hydroxy, lower alkoxy or aryl, at least one of R4 and R5 being other than hydroxy and lower alkoxy; R1 is H, lower alkyl or aryl; q is 1 to 6; X is STR3 (wherein q is 1) or STR4 (wherein R3 is H or lower alkyl); R2 is lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, aryl, arylalkyl, lower alkoxy, aralkyloxy, cycloalkyl or cycloalkylalkyl. The compounds are cardiovascular agents useful, for example, in the treatment of thrombotic disease.
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- Azole compounds and fungicides containing these compounds
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Azole compounds of the formula STR1 where V is oxygen or sulfur, X is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, phenyl or phenoxy, m is an integer from 1 to 5, W is an olefin group which is unsubstituted or substituted, or is alkynyl, Z is CH or N, and Y is C=O or CR3 OR4, where R3 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, and R4 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or alkanoyl, and their plant-tolerated addition salts with acids and metal complexes, and fungicides which contain these compounds.
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- Perfume and flavoring compositions, perfumed articles and materials, and flavored food products containing an oxaspirodecadiene derivative as the essential compound, as well as the oxaspiro[4.5]decadiene derivative per se
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Perfume and flavoring compositions, perfumed articles and materials respectively flavored foods, drugs, toothpaste, and tobacco products containing 10-isopropyl-2.7-dimethyl-oxaspiro[4.5]deca-3.6-diene having formula STR1 as essential compound for imparting thereto an olfactive note of the cassis type as well as this compound per se.
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- Process for preparation of arylterpenoid insect maturation inhibitors
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There is provided an improved process for producing biologically active arylterpenoid compounds useful to inhibit eclosion of pupae, e.g., fly pupae or mosquito pupae. The process is characterized by reacting a terpenoid material having a terminal unsaturated linkage, e.g., dihydromyrcene (3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-diene) with a lower alkyl Grignard reagent, e.g., n-propyl magnesium chloride to form a Grignard exchange product. The exchange product is then benzylated. Either a benzyl halide, e.g., p-isopropylbenzyl chloride, or a benzaldehyde, e.g., p-isopropylbenzaldehyde may be used. These compounds are specifically described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,002,769. They contain also a lower alkoxy group, e.g., methoxy. This can be introduced prior to the formation of the Grignard exchange product or at a later stage in the operation. Use of the exchange-type Grignard reaction enables elimination of several steps when producing the arylterpenoids from pinene as the terpene source, and consequent costs.
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- 7-Oxabicycloheptane substituted amino prostaglandin analogs and their use in inhibiting platelet aggregation and bronchoconstriction
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7-Oxabicycloheptane substituted amino prostaglandin analogs are provided having the structural formula STR1 and including all stereoisomers thereof. The compounds are cardiovascular agents useful, for example, in the treatment of thrombolytic disease.
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- Thermochemical Bond Dissociation Energies of Carbon-Magnesium Bonds
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The heats of formation of 29 alkylmagnesium bromides, isobutyl bromide, and neopentyl bromide have been determined, and bond dissociation energies have been derived for the Grignard reagents.For saturated alkyl derivatives the C-Mg bond strength decreases with an increasing number of β-hydrogens in the series methyl, neopentyl, isobutyl, butyl, ethyl, 1-ethylpropyl, 1-methylpropyl, isopropyl, and t-butyl.Bonding in alkyl bromides and alkylmagnesium bromides is discussed.
- Holm, Torkil
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p. 464 - 467
(2007/10/02)
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- Compositions for treatment of cardiovascular conditions associated with overproduction of catecholamines
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Compositions having therapeutic value in the treatment of cardiovascular conditions associated with the overproduction of catecholamines include as the active ingredient 5-fluoro-2-(2-hydroxy-3-tertiary butyl-amino-propoxy) butyrophenone-, its optical isomers and non-toxic acid addition salts.
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