936-61-8

Six new polyfluorinated monothio-1,3-diketones have been synthesized from the corresponding fluorinated acetophenones and appropriate O-alkyl thioesters in the presence of sodamide.All these monothio-1,3-diketones are characterized by I.R. and 1H N.M.R. s

Here we report a convenient synthesis of thionoesters by base-catalyzed transesterification. Benzyl and alkyl thionobenzoates and thionoheterobenzoates were efficiently prepared using various alcohols catalyzed by the corresponding sodium alkoxide. This methodology features a broad substrate scope, good to excellent yields, short reaction times, while simultaneously driving the reaction toward completion through the removal of the methanol byproduct. We also report the conversion of a small collection of thionobenzoates into the corresponding α,α-difluorobenzyl ethers to demonstrate the conversion of alcohols into difluorobenzyl or difluoroheterobenzyl ethers, a process that could prove useful for lead optimization in medicinal chemistry.

Provided herein are novel heteroaromatic derivatives, or a stereoisomer, a geometric isomer, a tautomer, an N-oxide, a hydrate, a solvate, a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a prodrug thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds. Also provided herein are uses of such compounds or pharmaceutical compositions thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for treating respiratory diseases, especially chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

The first systematic study of the thermal rearrangement/fragmentation of 5,5-disubstituted 1,4,2-oxathiazoles into isothiocyanates is reported. Structure-activity relationships reveal that the choice of substituent at the 5-position of the 1,4,2-oxathiazoles is the predominant factor to influence the ease of fragmentation.

Pseudo-first-order rate constants (kobsd) have been measured spectrophotometrically for the nucleophilic substitution reactions of 2-pyridyl thionobenzoate (5b) with alkali-metal ethoxides (EtOM, M+ = Li +, Na+, K+, and 18-crown-6-ether complexed K+) in anhydrous ethanol at 25.0 ± 0.1 oC. The plots of kobsd vs. [EtOM]o curve upward regardless of the nature of the M+ ions, while those of kobsd/[EtO -]eq vs. [EtO-]eq are linear with a positive intercept. Dissection of kobsd into kEtO- and kEtOM (i.e., the second-order rate constants for the reactions with the dissociated EtO- and ion-paired EtOM, respectively) has revealed that the ion-paired EtOM is more reactive than the dissociated EtO-, and M+ ions catalyze the reactions in the order K+ Na + Li+ 18C6-complexed K+. The plot of log k EtOM vs. 1/rStokes results in an excellent linear correlation, indicating that the reactions are catalyzed by the solvated M + ions but not by the bare M+ ions. The reactions of 5b with EtOM have been concluded to proceed through a six-membered cyclic TS, in which the solvated M+ ions increase the electrophilicity of the reaction center and the nucleofugality of the leaving group.

Simple, mild, and environmentally friendly procedures for the direct conversion of dithioesters into either carboxylic acids or esters using hydrogen peroxide under alkaline conditions are described. Georg Thieme Verlag.

The present invention relates to compounds of Formula I: I which are agonists of the M-1 muscarinic receptor.

The present invention relates to the use of a compound of formula I as a coupling reagent in forming amide or ester bonds from a reaction between a carboxylic acid and an amine or an alcohol, respectively. The compounds of formula I are especially useful as coupling reagents in the preparation of peptide bonds during peptide synthesis. In particular, the compounds of formula I are useful in promoting the formation of reactive reaction intermediates, inhibiting side reactions and in suppression of racemization. In addition, the present invention provides novel compounds of Formula I, and salts of N-oxides thereof.

The combination of P4S10 and hexamethyldisiloxane converts esters and lactones to thionoesters and thionolactones in yields comparable to or superior to those obtained with Lawesson's reagent. The method has the advantage that reagent-derived byproducts may be removed by a simple hydrolytic workup or by filtration through silica gel, rather than by chromatography, as required for Lawesson's reagent.

The combination of P4S10 and hexamethyldisiloxane efficiently converts esters, lactones, amides, lactams, and ketones to their corresponding thiono derivatives. In the presence of elemental sulfur, 3-oxoesters are converted to dithiolethiones by this reagent. Yields are comparable to or superior to those obtained with Lawesson's reagent. The method has the advantage that reagent-derived byproducts may be removed by a simple hydrolytic workup or by filtration through silica gel, rather than by chromatography, as required for Lawesson's reagent.

A range of 18 alkoxycarbonyl sulfinyl phosphorus ylides 9 have been prepared and their behaviour upon flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) at 600 deg C examined. For R1 = H, Me and Et they lose Ph3PO and in some cases Ph3P to give mixtures of products including the alkenyl sulfides 10, the sulfides 11, the disulfides 12 and the thioesters 14. The alkenyl sulfides 10 most likely arise from intramolecular insertion of the alkoxycarbonyl sulfenyl carbenes resulting from loss off Ph3PO to produce β-lactones which then lose CO2 and this is supported by the results from 13C labelled ylides. Possible mechanisms for the formation of 11 and 14 are also presented and the feasibility of various steps has been examined by preparation and pyrolysis of the proposed intermediates. In contrast, pyrolysis of the ylides 9 where R1 = Ph and the tert-butoxycarbonyl ylides 30 leads mainly to complete fragmentation with loss of Ph3PO and benzyl alcohol or 2-methylpropan-2-ol and does not give any useful sulfur-containing products. Four alkoxy-carbonyl sulfonyl diazo compounds 33 have been prepared and in three cases they give the alkenyl sulfones 34 upon FVP at 400 deg C, probably by an intramolecular insertion and decarboxylation process analogous to the formation of 10 from 9. On the other hand the alkoxycarbonyl carbenes produced by FVP of the amino acid-derived diazo compounds 35 undergo alternative proocesses with no sign of β-lactone formation. Fully assigned 13C NMR data are presented for 13 of the ylides.

Formula presented An expeditious, solvent-free, and high yield conversion of ketones, flavones, isoflavones, lactones, amides, and esters to the corresponding thio analogues is described utilizing Lawesson's reagent in a process that circumvents the use of dry solvents and excess of the reagent.

The N-protected β-aminonitriles 1 were transformed into the imidoester or thiolimidoester hydrochlorides 2 or 3 according to Pinner and sulfhydrolyzed with H2S to give the N-protected β-amino thiono esters 4 or dithio esters 5. Alkylation of th

The N-protected α-amino amides 1 are O-alkylated with trialkyloxonium tetrafluoroborates to form the iminium salts 2.Sulfhydrolysis of 2 yields the α-amino thiono esters 3.This reaction sequence allows the preparation of enantiomerically pure 3.Key Words:

Alkyl O-vinylcarbohydroximates, lactoxime O-vinyl ethers, and sugar lactoxime O-vinyl ethers undergo a novel thermal rearrangement to afford the corresponding 2-alkyloxazoles, 2-(ω-hydroxyalkyl)oxazoles, and oxazoles bearing a sugar moiety, respectively.This rearrangement can also occur under photochemical conditions.

Thermolysis of 1,3,4-oxathiazol-2-ones 3 in the presence of thiocarbonyl compounds gives modest to good yields of the little-known 5H-1,4,2-dithiazoles 1, the reaction being successful with diaryl, aryl alkyl and dialkyl ketones, and thiono esters, but failing with dithio esters and tertiary thioamides.The influence of substituents is discussed.Solvolysis of 5-ethoxy-5H-1,4,2-dithiazoles, derived from thiono esters, with perchloric acid in acetic anhydride gives high yields of 3,5-diaryl-1,4,2-dithiazolium salts 9.

The thermal reaction of sugar lactoxime O-vinyl ethers gave the corresponding 1,3-oxazoles bearing sugar moiety (ribose, glucose, mannose, and maltose) via a novel rearrangement. The reaction mechanism was briefly discussed.

Ethylenediamine monoamides of the formula R--CO--NH--CH2 --CH2 --NH2. wherein R is one of groups in which R1 is phenyl monohalophenyl, monolower-alkylphenyl, monolower-alkoxypheynl, monotrifluoromethylphenyl, monocyanophenyl or monoaryl-lower-alkoxyphenyl, dihalophenyl, furyl, thienyl or monohalothienyl, R2 is hydrogen, halogen or amino, R3, R5 and R7 each are phenyl, monohalophenyl, dihalophenyl, thienyl, furyl or monohalofuryl, R4 and R6 each are hydrogen or amino and R8 is hydrogen or lower-alkyl, as well as their pharmaceutically usable acid addition salts are disclosed. The compounds have monoamine oxidase inhibiting properties with low toxicity and are useful for the treatment of depressive states and cognitive disorders

A variety of 2-arylpyridothiazepin-4(5H)-ones has been efficiently synthesized by treatment of the anion of 2-chloro-3-(N-methylacetamido)- and -3-acetamidopyridine with the appropriate O-ethyl thiocarboxylate.

2-Alkyl- and 2-aryl-4-oxo-4H-thiopyranopyridine can be conveniently prepared by reacting the appropriate aromatic and aliphatic O-ethyl thiocarboxylates with the sodium derivative of various alkyl 3-(2-bromopyridyl) ketones.

2-Aryl and alkyl pyrido -1,3-thiazine-4(4H)-ones, a class of previously unknown compounds can be conveniently prepared by treatment of the sodium anion of 2-chloronicotinamide with various aromatic and aliphatic thioesters.Their reduction with sodi

Esters 1 are efficiently deoxygenated to the corresponding ethers 3 in two steps by first conversion to the thionoesters 2 and subsequent reduction of these by triorganotin hydrides.

This study deals with hemiorthothiol-RC(OR')2SH-tetrahedral intermediates including (a) two acyclic ones of type , (b) two types of monocyclics and , and (c) four bicyclic systems , , , and .The breakdown of (R = Ph, R' = Et) led to thiono esters 34 and 35; that of (R = Me, Ph) resulted in hydroxy thiono esters 36-39, whereas the cleavage of (R =Me, Et) yielded thionolactones 49-53 and hydroxy thiono esters 55-58.The study of rigid bicyclic intermediates - helped uncover the role of stereoelectronic effects in the breakdown of hemiorthothiol tetrahedral intermediates.Finally, a family of isolable hemiorthothiolate tetrahedral intermediates-RC(OR')2S-+Na-viz. ->--> (monocyclic) and -> (bicyclic) is reported.

2,4-Bismethylthio-1,3,2,4-dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfide, IIa, is prepared from O,O-dimethyldithiophosphoric acid, Ia, and P4S10 at 160 deg C. 2,4-Bis(4-phenoxyphenyl)-1,3,2,4-dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfide, IIc, and 2,4-bis(4-phenyl-thiolphenyl)-1,3,2,4-dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfide, IId, are prepared at 160 deg C from P4S10 and diphenylether and diphenylsulfides, respectively.Carboxylic acids RCOOH (R=CH3, C2H5, n-C3H7, n-C4H9, C6H5CH2, C6H5) react with compound Ia at 130 deg C to give the corresponding methyl dithioesters.Carboxylic acids RCOOH (R=C6H5-CH2, C6H5) react with compound Ib at 200 deg C for 15 min to give the corresponding ethyl dithioesters, while low boiling acids (R=CH3, C2H5, n-C3H7) yielded mixtures of the corresponding ethyl dithioester and ethyl carboxylate.Carboxylic acid chlorides RCOCl (R=ClCH2, C2H5, t-C4H9, C6H5CH2, C6H5, p-NO2C6H4) react with compound IIa at 80 deg C to give the corresponding methyl dithioesters in good yields.S-Substituted thioesters react with IIc at 85 deg C to give the corresponding dithioesters in good yields.Dihydro-2(3H)-furanone, VI, and 5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone, VII, react with IIa at 80 deg C to give dihydro-2(3H)-thiophenethione, VIII and 2,2'-dithiobis(5-methyl thiophene), IX, respectively.Also XI reacts with IIa, IIc, and IId to give VIII in nearly quantitative yields.

Hydrogen sulfide reacts with the N,N-dimethylformamide acetal 1 to give N,N-(dimethyl)thioformamide (2a).The thioamides 2a-e and the thiolactams 2f,g are prepared by thiolysis of the nitriles 3a-g.The action of hydrogen sulfide on nitriles 5a-f affords the O-ethyl thiocarboxylates 6a-f.The preparation of the nitriles 3g and 5a-f is described.

Thionoesters which are readily prepared from esters can be desulfurized with Raney nickel to form the corresponding ethers.This new synthetic pathway to convert esters to ethers avoids many of the steric and functional limitations of known methods and appears to be a general method for this conversion.