1006-76-4Relevant articles and documents
A mild and practical copper catalyzed amination of halothiophenes
Lu, Zhikuan,Twieg, Robert J.
, p. 903 - 918 (2005)
We have found that N,N-dimethylethanolamine (deanol) is a useful solvent and ligand for copper catalyzed amination of a variety of unactivated and activated 2- or 3-halothiophenes. Primary amines, acyclic secondary amines, cyclic secondary amines and acyclic secondary amines with 2-hydroxyethyl functionality react with halothiophenes in moderate to excellent yields. The mildly basic conditions utilized are compatible with many functional groups. The amination of halobithiophenes has also been examined. The aminothiophenes produced by this method are important intermediates in a variety of electronic and optoelectronic materials. We have found that N,N-dimethylethanolamine (deanol) is a useful solvent and ligand for copper catalyzed amination of a variety of unactivated and activated 2- or 3-halothiophenes. Primary amines, acyclic secondary amines, cyclic secondary amines and acyclic secondary amines with 2-hydroxyethyl functionality react with halothiophenes providing the corresponding aminated thiophenes in moderate to excellent yields. The mildly basic conditions utilized are compatible with many functional groups. The amination of halobithiophenes has also been examined. The aminothiophenes produced by this method are important intermediates in a variety of electronic and optoelectronic materials.
Copper-Catalyzed Electrophilic Amination of Organoaluminum Nucleophiles with O -Benzoyl Hydroxylamines
Zhou, Shuangliu,Yang, Zhiyong,Chen, Xu,Li, Yimei,Zhang, Lijun,Fang, Hong,Wang, Wei,Zhu, Xiancui,Wang, Shaowu
, p. 6323 - 6328 (2015)
A copper-catalyzed electrophilic amination of aryl and heteroaryl aluminums with N,N-dialkyl-O-benzoyl hydroxylamines that affords the corresponding anilines in good yields has been developed. The catalytic reaction proceeds very smoothly under mild conditions and exhibits good substrate scope. Moreover, the developed catalytic system is also well suited for heteroaryl aluminum nucleophiles, providing facile access to heteroaryl amines.
Amination of Aryl Halides Mediated by Electrogenerated Nickel from Sacrificial Anode
Daili, Farah,Sengmany, Stéphane,Léonel, Eric
, p. 2462 - 2469 (2021)
Electrochemical C(sp2)?N couplings mediated by nickel salts generated from the sacrificial anode has been described for the first time. In this approach, the sacrificial nickel anode is employed as the sole source of nickel and the process, operationally simple to set up, enables the preparation of functionalized arylamine derivatives with moderate to good yields, under mild reaction conditions and without additional ligand. A cooperative process between the two electrodes is involved in the proposed mechanism.
Efficient and versatile buchwald-hartwig amination of (hetero)aryl chlorides using the Pd-PEPPSI-IPr(NMe2)2 precatalyst in the presence of carbonate base
Zhang, Yin,César, Vincent,Lavigne, Guy
, p. 2042 - 2050 (2015)
The precatalyst Pd-PEPPSI-IPr(NMe2)2, in which the IPr ligand was modified by attachment of two dimethylamino groups on to the 4- and 5-positions of the imidazolyl heterocycle, was found to show high catalytic efficiency in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination under mild conditions using Cs2CO3 as a weak base, using a low catalyst loading of 1 mol-%. The protocol is applicable to aryl chlorides bearing base-sensitive substituents, as exemplified by the coupling of 4-chloroacetophenone with aniline. It can also be used with an unprecedentedly wide range of amines, including strongly basic secondary alkylamines, primary arylamines, and primary alkylamines. The Palladium precatalyst Pd-PEPPSI-IPr(NMe2)2, whose supporting N-heterocyclic carbene ligand was decorated with two dimethylamino groups, was found to catalyse the Buchwald-Hartwig amination of aryl halides with a wide range of amines under mild conditions using cesium carbonate as base.
Skeleton decoration of NHCs by amino groups and its sequential booster effect on the palladium-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig amination
Zhang, Yin,Cesar, Vincent,Storch, Golo,Lugan, Noel,Lavigne, Guy
, p. 6482 - 6486 (2014)
A challenging synthetic modification of PEPPSI-type palladium pre-catalysts consisting of a stepwise incorporation of one and two amino groups onto the NHC skeleton was seen to exert a sequential enhancement of the electronic donor properties. This appears to be positively correlated with the catalytic performances of the corresponding complexes in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination. This is illustrated, for example, by the quantitative amination of 4-chloroanisole by morpholine within 2 h at 25°C with a 2 mol% catalyst/substrate ratio or by a significant reduction of catalytic loading (down to 0.005 mol%) for the coupling of aryl chlorides with anilines (max TON: 19600).
A Heteroarylamine Library: Indium-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Alkoxyheteroarenes with Amines
Yonekura, Kyohei,Yoshimura, Yasuhiro,Akehi, Mizuri,Tsuchimoto, Teruhisa
, p. 1159 - 1181 (2018/02/06)
Under indium Lewis acid catalysis, electron-rich five-membered heteroaryl electrophiles fused with/without a benzene ring were found to couple with amines to produce heteroarylamines with broad structural diversity. The heteroarylamine formation proceeds through the cleavage of a heteroaryl?OMe bond by the nucleophilic attack of the amine based on the nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reaction. In contrast to the corresponding traditional SNAr amination, the present SNAr-based heteroaryl amination can be performed without relying on both heteroaryl electrophiles with electron-withdrawing groups and nucleophilicity-enhanced metal amides. High compatibility towards the functional groups such as NO2, Br, I, CF3, CN, CO2Et, pyridyl, thiazolyl, C=C, and OH groups was observed, thus showing the practicality and reliability of this method. Mechanistic studies indicated that a carbon?indium bond is likely to be formed on the heteroaryl ring during the process. (Figure presented.).
[Pd(IPr*R)(acac)Cl]: Efficient bulky Pd-NHC catalyst for Buchwald-Hartwig C-N cross-coupling reaction
Tian, Xiabing,Lin, Jing,Zou, Sheng,Lv, Junwei,Huang, Qingfei,Zhu, Jin,Huang, Shuping,Wang, Qiwei
supporting information, p. 125 - 130 (2018/03/06)
A series of bulky palladium catalysts based on N-heterocyclic carbene, (Pd(NHC)(acac)Cl: NHC = IPr*me = N,N′-bis(2,6-bis(di-p-tolylmethyl)-4-methylphenyl)-imidazol-2 -ylidene, Pd(IPr*me)(acac)Cl; NHC = IPr*ipr = N,N′-bis(2,6-bis(di-4-isopropylphenyl)-4-methylphenyl)-imidazol-2 -ylidene, Pd(IPr*ipr)(acac)Cl; and NHC = IPr*tBu = N,N′-bis(2,6-bis(di-4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)- 4-methylphenyl)- imidazol-2-ylidene, Pd(IPr*tBu)(acac)Cl; acac = acetylacetonate), have been designed and synthesized. These three new catalysts showed much better catalytic activity in the Buchwald?Hartwig arylamination coupling reaction as compare to the earlier congener (IPr*)Pd(acac)Cl (IPr* = N,N′-bis(2,6-diphenylmethyl)-4-methylphenylimidazol-2-ylidene). The highly active PdII precatalyst [Pd(IPr*me)(acac)Cl] has been fully explored by using a wide range of substrates with different electronic and steric demands of coupling partners, for which up to 99% isolated yields were obtained. Remarkably, the moderate isolated yield was obtained for the challenging coupling of the amine bearing very bulky groups.
An Effective Heterogeneous Copper Catalyst System for C-N Coupling and Its Application in the Preparation of 2-Methyl-4-methoxydiphenylamine (MMDPA)
Yi, Zhou,Huang, Manna,Wan, Yiqian,Zhu, Xinhai
, p. 3911 - 3920 (2018/09/29)
A ligand-recyclable, environmentally benign heterogeneous catalyst system composed of CuI and polystyrene-supported N (-(4-(aminomethyl)naphthalen-1-yl)- N (-phenyl-1 H -pyrrole-2-carbohydrazide (PSAP) has been established for Ullmann type C-N coupling based on the homogeneous catalyst system N ′, N ′-diphenyl-1 H -pyrrole-2-carbohydrazide/CuI. This heterogeneous catalyst system maintained the catalytic effectiveness of the homogeneous catalyst. A variety of functionalized aryl bromides can be efficiently aminated with aryl amines and aliphatic amines with high selectivity for amines over alcohols. Moreover, a practical application of this catalyst system to promote the reaction of commercially available 4-methoxy-2-methylaniline and bromobenzene in 10 mmol scale, provided 2-methyl-4-methoxydiphenylamine (MMDPA) with 93% yield with the merit of the approach being simple operation for work-up and purification.
Pd-PEPPSI-IPentAn Promoted Deactivated Amination of Aryl Chlorides with Amines under Aerobic Conditions
Huang, Fei-Dong,Xu, Chang,Lu, Dong-Dong,Shen, Dong-Sheng,Li, Tian,Liu, Feng-Shou
, p. 9144 - 9155 (2018/07/21)
We report herein a highly efficient Pd-catalyzed amination by "bulky-yet-flexible" Pd-PEPPSI-IPentAn complexes. The relationship between the N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) structure and catalytic properties was discussed. Sterically hindered (hetero)aryl chlorides and a variety of aliphatic and aromatic amines can be applied in this cross-coupling, which smoothly proceeded to provide desired products. The operationally simple protocol highlights the rapid access to CAr-N bond formation under mild conditions without the exclusion of air and moisture.
Solvent-Free Buchwald-Hartwig (Hetero)arylation of Anilines, Diarylamines, and Dialkylamines Mediated by Expanded-Ring N-Heterocyclic Carbene Palladium Complexes
Topchiy, Maxim A.,Dzhevakov, Pavel B.,Rubina, Margarita S.,Morozov, Oleg S.,Asachenko, Andrey F.,Nechaev, Mikhail S.
supporting information, p. 1908 - 1914 (2016/04/20)
A highly efficient solvent-free protocol for the Buchwald-Hartwig (hetero)arylation of anilines, diarylamines, and dialkylamines mediated by the expanded-ring N-heterocyclic carbene palladium complex (THP-Dipp)Pd(cinn)Cl [THP-Dipp = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-ylidene; cinn = cinnamyl, 3-phenylallyl] was developed. The catalytic protocol was efficient for the coupling of amines and (hetero)aryl chlorides and bromides bearing donor, acceptor, and bulky substituents.
