22566-82-1Relevant articles and documents
Versatile functionalization of polylysine: Synthesis, characterization, and use of neoglycoconjugates
Thoma, Gebhard,Patton, John T.,Magnani, John L.,Ernst, Beat,?hrlein, Reinhold,Duthaler, Rudolf O.
, p. 5919 - 5929 (1999)
Glycopolymers are useful macromolecules with a non-carbohydrate backbone for presenting saccharides in a multivalent form. Here, a new methodology is described which allows easy access to water-soluble, biodegradable glycopolymers with both predeterminable composition and molecular weight distribution. Thus, chloroacetylation of commercially available polylysine hydrobromide 3 gave the reactive homopolymer 4, whose chloroacetamide functions allowed subsequent coupling with thiol-containing components. Water-soluble homopolymers such as 8 and 13 were available by treatment with an excess of hydrophilic thiols. Heteroglycopolymers were obtained via quantitave incorporation of substoichiometric amounts of carbohydrates with a mercapto functionality linked to the reducing end; the remaining chloroacetamide groups were capped with an excess of thioglycerol. A variety of glycopolymers with up to four different components was prepare. The composition and purity of the products were reliably analyzed by 1H NMR. Generally, the quantitative incorporation of substoichiometric components was verified. The polymer backbone was not altered under the applied reaction conditions, as indicated by very similar polydispersities and degrees of polymerization of starting polylysine 3 and functionalized homo- and heteropolymers 8, 13, and 14. Glycopolymer 25, containing sialyl Lewisa and biotin as a functional group for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, was used for developing cell-free selectin ligand binding assays. The inhibition of E- selectin by glycopolymers 16, containing sialyl Lewis(x) (sLE(x)), was evaluated in a cell adhesion assay under flow conditions using activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells and polymorphonuclear neutrophils. The sLe(x) polymers 16 showed no significant inhibition, whereas conjugates with additional charged groups (carboxylates 18, sulfonates 21) in addition to sLe(x) gave 30-35% reduction of the number of interacting cells at the same concentration of 100 μM sLe(x).
A Sweet H2S/H2O2Dual Release System and Specific Protein S-Persulfidation Mediated by Thioglucose/Glucose Oxidase
Ni, Xiang,Li, Xiaolu,Shen, Tun-Li,Qian, Wei-Jun,Xian, Ming
supporting information, p. 13325 - 13332 (2021/09/03)
H2S and H2O2 are two redox regulating molecules that play important roles in many physiological and pathological processes. While each of them has distinct biosynthetic pathways and signaling mechanisms, the crosstalk between these two species is also known to cause critical biological responses such as protein S-persulfidation. So far, many chemical tools for the studies of H2S and H2O2 have been developed, such as the donors and sensors for H2S and H2O2. However, these tools are normally targeting single species (e.g., only H2S or only H2O2). As such, the crosstalk and synergetic effects between H2S and H2O2 have hardly been studied with those tools. In this work, we report a unique H2S/H2O2 dual donor system by employing 1-thio-β-d-glucose and glucose oxidase (GOx) as the substrates. This enzymatic system can simultaneously produce H2S and H2O2 in a slow and controllable fashion, without generating any bio-unfriendly byproducts. This system was demonstrated to cause efficient S-persulfidation on proteins. In addition, we expanded the system to thiolactose and thioglucose-disulfide; therefore, additional factors (β-galactosidase and cellular reductants) could be introduced to further control the release of H2S/H2O2. This dual release system should be useful for future research on H2S and H2O2.
Applications of Shoda's reagent (DMC) and analogues for activation of the anomeric centre of unprotected carbohydrates
Fairbanks, Antony J.
, (2020/12/07)
2-Chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride (DMC, herein also referred to as Shoda's reagent) and its derivatives are useful for numerous synthetic transformations in which the anomeric centre of unprotected reducing sugars is selectively activated in aqueous solution. As such unprotected sugars can undergo anomeric substitution with a range of added nucleophiles, providing highly efficient routes to a range of glycosides and glycoconjugates without the need for traditional protecting group manipulations. This mini-review summarizes the development of DMC and some of its derivatives/analogues, and highlights recent applications for protecting group-free synthesis.
Glycosyl Bunte Salts: A Class of Intermediates for Sugar Chemistry
Meguro, Yasuhiro,Noguchi, Masato,Li, Gefei,Shoda, Shin-Ichiro
supporting information, p. 76 - 79 (2018/01/17)
S-Glycosyl thiosulfates have been discovered as a new class of synthetic intermediates in sugar chemistry, named "glycosyl Bunte salts" after 19th-century German chemist, Hans Bunte. The synthesis was achieved by direct condensation of unprotected sugars and sodium thiosulfate using a formamidine-type dehydrating agent in water-acetonitrile mixed solvent. The application of glycosyl Bunte salts is demonstrated with transformation reactions into other glycosyl compounds such as a 1-thio sugar, a glycosyl disulfide, a 1,6-anhydro sugar, and an O-glycoside.
Hypervalent Iodine Reagents: Thiol Derivatization with a Tetrafluoroethoxy Coumarin Residue for UV Absorbance Recognition
Commare, Bruno,Togni, Antonio
, (2017/05/26)
A new hypervalent iodine reagent (5) based on 1,2-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-1,2-benziodoxole containing a 4-methyl-7-tetrafluoroethoxycoumarin unit as a specific UV absorber was prepared and fully characterized, including X-ray crystal structural analysis. The high reactivity of this compound towards thiols has been exploited for the selective tagging of several targets with the UV chromophore coumarin, including e.g. glutathione.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel podophyllotoxin derivatives bearing 4β-disulfide/trisulfide bond as cytotoxic agents
Zhu, Shi-Jun,Ying, Hua-Zhou,Wu, Yan,Qiu, Ni,Liu, Tao,Yang, Bo,Dong, Xiao-Wu,Hu, Yong-Zhou
, p. 103172 - 103183 (2015/12/23)
A novel series of C-4β-disulfide/trisulfide-containing podophyllotoxin derivatives were designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against human cancer cell lines, including KB (Mouth Epidermal Carcinoma Cells) and KB/VCR (Vincristine-resistant Mouth Epidermal Carcinoma Cells). Most of these compounds exhibited promising moderate to good cytotoxic activities. In particular, some of them displayed even superior activities to that of etoposide, especially for KB/VCR cell lines, indicating that introduction of the disulfide/trisulfide moiety would be beneficial for overcoming the multi-drug resistant limitation of etoposide. Moreover, the metabolic evaluation of the most promising compound was further performed to reveal that disulfide bond can be stable in human plasma over 8 hours, indicating good potential of these compounds for in vivo anti-cancer activities.
Stereoretentive palladium-catalyzed arylation, alkenylation, and alkynylation of 1-thiosugars and thiols using aminobiphenyl palladacycle precatalyst at room temperature
Bruneau, Alexandre,Roche, Maxime,Hamze, Abdallah,Brion, Jean-Daniel,Alami, Mouad,Messaoudi, Samir
, p. 8375 - 8379 (2015/06/02)
A general and efficient protocol for the palladium-catalyzed functionalization of mono- and polyglycosyl thiols by using the palladacycle precatalyst G3-XantPhos was developed. The C-S bond-forming reaction was achieved rapidly at room temperature with various functionalized (hetero)aryl-, alkenyl-, and alkynyl halides. The functional group tolerance on the electrophilic partner is typically high and anomer selectivities of thioglycosides are high in all cases studied. New sulfur nucleophiles such as thiophenols, alkythiols, and thioaminoacids (cysteine) were also successfully coupled to lead to the most general and practical method yet reported for the functionalization of thiols.
Study of carbohydrate-protein interactions using glyco-QDs with different fluorescence emission wavelengths
Yang, Yang,Cui, Xi-Kai,Zhong, Ming,Li, Zhong-Jun
, p. 189 - 194 (2013/01/15)
QDs with different fluorescence emission wavelengths were coated with galactose, glucose, and lactose respectively. The formulas of glyco-QDs were determined by NMR and ICP-OES, and the interactions between glyco-QDs and PNA lectin were investigated by SPR. The results showed that multivalent presentation achieved by using QDs as the scaffold is an effective way to enhance the carbohydrate-protein interactions. The KD for the interaction of PNA with multivalent glyco-QDs is over 3 × 10 6-fold lower than those with the same free sugars. The specific recognition for the sugar coated on the QDs by lectin is maintained. These sugar-coated QDs could be used as a fluorescent probe to label and identify glycoproteins.
Micelles based on gold-glycopolymer complexes as new chemotherapy drug delivery agents
Pearson, Samuel,Scarano, Wei,Stenzel, Martina H.
, p. 4695 - 4697 (2012/06/01)
Polymeric versions of deacetylated auranofin, a gold complex with a sugar ligand, were prepared by post-modifying RAFT glycopolymers. Micellisation of a block copolymer containing pendant Au(i) units produced nanoparticles with an increased anti-proliferative effect against OVCAR-3 human ovarian carcinoma cells.
Protecting group-free glycoligation by the desulfurative rearrangement of allylic disulfides as a means of assembly of oligosaccharide mimetics
Subramanian, Venkataraman,Moume-Pymbock, Myriame,Hu, Tianshun,Crich, David
experimental part, p. 3691 - 3709 (2011/06/25)
2-(2-Pyridyldithio-3-butenyl) glycosides react with carbohydrate-based thiols in a two-step process involving sulfenyl transfer followed by desulfurative 2,3-allylic rearrangement, promoted by either triphenylphosphine or silver nitrate, to give novel saccharide mimetics. In an alternative embodiment of the same chemistry anomeric thiols are coupled with carbohydrates derivatized in the form of 2-(2-pyridyldithio-3-butenyl) ethers. This new method of glycoligation does not require protection of hydroxyl groups and is compatible with the presence of acetamides, azides, trichloroethoxycarbamates, and thioglycosides. Variations on the general theme enable the preparation of mimetics of reducing and nonreducing oligosaccharides as well as of nonglycosidically linked systems.
