26184-62-3Relevant articles and documents
Caffeic acid esters and lignans from piper sanguineispicum
Cabanillas, Billy Joel,Le Lamer, Anne-Cecile,Castillo, Denis,Arevalo, Jorge,Rojas, Rosario,Odonne, Guillaume,Bourdy, Genevieve,Moukarzel, Beatrice,Sauvain, Michel,Fabre, Nicolas
, p. 1884 - 1890 (2010)
Three new caffeic acid esters (1-3), four new lignans (4-7), and the known compounds (7′S)-parabenzlactone (8), dihydrocubebin (9), and justiflorinol (10) have been isolated from leaves of Piper sanguineispicum. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR, HRCIMS, CD experiments, and chemical methods. Compounds 1-10 were assessed for their antileishmanial potential against axenic amastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis. Caffeic acid esters 1 and 3 exhibited the best antileishmanial activity (IC50 2.0 and 1.8 μM, respectively) with moderate cytotoxicity on murine macrophages.
Discovery and Redesign of a Family VIII Carboxylesterase with High (S)-Selectivity toward Chiral sec-Alcohols
Park, Areum,Park, Seongsoon
, p. 2397 - 2402 (2022/02/17)
Highly enantioselective lipase has been widely utilized in the preparation of versatile enantiopure chiral sec-alcohols through kinetic or dynamic kinetic resolution. Lipase is intrinsically (R)-selective, and it is difficult to obtain (S)-selective lipase. Recent crystal structures of a family VIII carboxylesterase have revealed that the spatial array of its catalytic triad is the mirror image of that of lipase but with a catalytic triad that is distinct from lipase. We, therefore, hypothesized that the family VIII carboxylesterase may exhibit (S)-enantioselectivity toward sec-alcohols similar to (S)-selective serine protease, whose catalytic triad is also spatially arrayed as its mirror image. In this study, a homologous enzyme (carboxylesterase from Proteobacteria bacterium SG_bin9, PBE) of a known family VIII carboxylesterase (pdb code: 4IVK) was prepared, which showed not only moderate (S)-selectivity toward sec-alcohols such as 3-butyn-2-ol and 1-phenylethyl alcohol but also (R)-selectivity toward particular sec-alcohols among the substrates explored. Furthermore, the (S)-selectivity of PBE has been significantly improved by rational redesign based on molecular modeling. Molecular modeling identified a binding pocket composed of Ser381, Ala383, and Arg408 for the methyl substituent of (R)-1-phenylethyl acetate and suggested that larger residues may increase the enantioselectivity by interfering with the binding of the slow-reacting enantiomer. As predicted, substituting Ser381with larger residues (Phe, Tyr, and Trp) significantly improved the (S)-selectivity of PBE toward all sec-alcohols explored, even the substrates toward which the wild-type PBE exhibits (R)-selectivity. For instance, the enantioselectivity toward 3-butyn-2-ol and 1-phenylethyl alcohol was improved from E = 5.5 and 36.1 to E = 2001 and 882, respectively, by single mutagenesis (S381F).
Facile Stereoselective Reduction of Prochiral Ketones by using an F420-dependent Alcohol Dehydrogenase
Martin, Caterina,Tjallinks, Gwen,Trajkovic, Milos,Fraaije, Marco W.
, p. 156 - 159 (2020/10/26)
Effective procedures for the synthesis of optically pure alcohols are highly valuable. A commonly employed method involves the biocatalytic reduction of prochiral ketones. This is typically achieved by using nicotinamide cofactor-dependent reductases. In this work, we demonstrate that a rather unexplored class of enzymes can also be used for this. We used an F420-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADF) from Methanoculleus thermophilicus that was found to reduce various ketones to enantiopure alcohols. The respective (S) alcohols were obtained in excellent enantiopurity (>99 % ee). Furthermore, we discovered that the deazaflavoenzyme can be used as a self-sufficient system by merely using a sacrificial cosubstrate (isopropanol) and a catalytic amount of cofactor F420 or the unnatural cofactor FOP to achieve full conversion. This study reveals that deazaflavoenzymes complement the biocatalytic toolbox for enantioselective ketone reductions.
London Dispersion Interactions Rather than Steric Hindrance Determine the Enantioselectivity of the Corey–Bakshi–Shibata Reduction
Eschmann, Christian,Song, Lijuan,Schreiner, Peter R.
, p. 4823 - 4832 (2021/02/01)
The well-known Corey–Bakshi–Shibata (CBS) reduction is a powerful method for the asymmetric synthesis of alcohols from prochiral ketones, often featuring high yields and excellent selectivities. While steric repulsion has been regarded as the key director of the observed high enantioselectivity for many years, we show that London dispersion (LD) interactions are at least as important for enantiodiscrimination. We exemplify this through a combination of detailed computational and experimental studies for a series of modified CBS catalysts equipped with dispersion energy donors (DEDs) in the catalysts and the substrates. Our results demonstrate that attractive LD interactions between the catalyst and the substrate, rather than steric repulsion, determine the selectivity. As a key outcome of our study, we were able to improve the catalyst design for some challenging CBS reductions.
Biaryl diphosphine ligands and their ruthenium complexes: Preparation and use for catalytic hydrogenation of ketones
Abdur-Rashid, Kamaluddin,Abdur-Rashid, Kareem,Dasgupta, Tara,Jia, Wenli,Lorraine, Shannen,Maragh, Paul
, (2020/07/10)
Procedures for the preparation of the nucleophilic diphosphine ligands (R)-(4,4′,6,6′-tetramethoxybiphenyl-2,2′-diyl)bis(diphenylphosphine) ((R)-Ph-Garphos, 2a) and (S)-(4,4′,6,6′-tetramethoxybiphenyl-2,2′-diyl)bis(diphenylphosphine) ((S)-Ph-Garphos, 2b) were described. The ligands were used to prepare the ruthenium(II) Ph-Garphos complexes, chloro(p-cymene)(R)-(4,4′,6,6′-tetraamethoxybiphenyl-2,2′-diyl)bis(diphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) chloride ([RuCl(p-cymene)(R)-Ph-Garphos]Cl (3)) and chloro(p-cymene)(S)-(4,4′,6,6′-tetraamethoxybiphenyl-2,2′-diyl)bis(diphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) chloride ([RuCl(p-cymene)(S)-Ph-Garphos]Cl (4)). In the presence of the chiral diamine co-ligands (1R,2R)-1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diamine (R,R-DPEN) and (1S,2S)-1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diamine (S,S-DPEN), complexes 3 and 4 were found to be catalyst precursors for the enantioselective reduction of aryl ketones under mild conditions (room temperature and 3–4 atm of H2). The chiral alcohols were isolated in moderate to good yields and with enantioselectivities of up to 93percent. The ruthenium complexes chloro(p-cymene)(R)-(4,4′,6,6′-tetramethoxybiphenyl-2,2′-diyl)bis(bis(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-phosphine)ruthenium(II) chloride ([RuCl(p-cymene)(R)-Xyl-Garphos]Cl (5)) and chloro(p-cymene)(S)-(4,4′,6,6′-tetramethoxybiphenyl-2,2′-diyl)bis(bis(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-phosphine)ruthenium(II) chloride ([RuCl(p-cymene)(S)-Xyl-Garphos]Cl (6)) were also prepared and used as catalyst precursors for the hydrogenation of aryl ketones in the presence of (R,R)-DPEN and (S,S)-DPEN. Significant improvements in the enantioselectivities of the alcohols (up to 98percent ee.) were afforded. A combination of 6 and (S,S)-DPEN afforded (R)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethanol in 89percent yield and with 95percent ee which was shown to be a suitable precursor for the preparation of (S)-rivastigmine.
Production of chiral alcohols from racemic mixtures by integrated heterogeneous chemoenzymatic catalysis in fixed bed continuous operation
Carceller, Jose Miguel,Climent, Maria J.,Corma, Avelino,Iborra, Sara,Mifsud, Maria
, p. 2767 - 2777 (2020/06/17)
Valuable chiral alcohols have been obtained from racemic mixtures with an integrated heterogeneous chemoenzymatic catalyst in a two consecutive fixed catalytic bed continuous reactor system. In the first bed the racemic mixture of alcohols is oxidized to the prochiral ketone with a Zr-Beta zeolite and using acetone as the hydrogen acceptor. In the second catalytic bed the prochiral ketone is stereoselectively reduced with an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) immobilized on a two dimensional (2D) zeolite. In this process, the alcohol (isopropanol) formed by the reduction of acetone in the first step reduces the cofactor in the second step, and the full reaction cycle is in this way internally closed with 100% atom economy. A conversion of about 95% with ～100% selectivity to either the (R) or the (S) alcohol has been obtained for a variety of racemic mixtures of alcohols.
Highly Focused Library-Based Engineering of Candida antarctica Lipase B with (S)-Selectivity Towards sec-Alcohols
Cen, Yixin,Li, Danyang,Xu, Jian,Wu, Qiongsi,Wu, Qi,Lin, Xianfu
, p. 126 - 134 (2018/12/05)
Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) is one of the most extensively used biocatalysts in both academia and industry and exhibits remarkable (R)-enantioselectivity for various chiral sec-alcohols. Considering the significance of tailor-made stereoselectivity in organic synthesis, a discovery of enantiocomplementary lipase mutants with high (R)- and (S)-selectivity is valuable and highly desired. Herein, we report a highly efficient directed evolution strategy, using only 4 representative amino acids, namely, alanine (A), leucine (L), lysine (K), tryptophan (W) at each mutated site to create an extremely small library of CALB variants requiring notably less screening. The obtained best mutant with three mutations W104V/A281L/A282K displayed highly reversed (S)-selectivity towards a series of sec-alcohol with E values up to 115 (conv. 50%, ee 94%). Compared with the previously reported (S)-selective CALB variant, W104A, a single mutation provided less selectivity, while the synergistic effects of three mutations in the best variant endow better (S)-selectivity and a broader substrate scope than the W104A variant. Structural analysis and molecular dynamics simulation unveiled the source of reversed enantioselectivity. (Figure presented.).
Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of iminophosphine-based ruthenium(II) complexes and application in asymmetric transfer hydrogenation reaction as catalysts
Kele?, Mustafa,Kele?, Hülya,Y?lmaz, Mustafa Kemal
, p. 945 - 951 (2019/04/10)
A range of Ru(II) complexes have been prepared with chiral iminophosphine ligands ([(2-PPh2)C6H4CH=NCH(CH3)C6H5(4-R)]; R = –H, p-CH3, p-NO2) and characterized by 1H, 13C, 31P{1H} NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. The electrochemical properties of the [Ru(PN)2Cl2] complexes were investigated in ACN/TBAP solution with cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry techniques. The use of chiral [Ru(PN)2Cl2] complexes as catalysts for the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of aromatic and aliphatic ketones was studied in 2-propanol in an attempt to demonstrate the effect of substituents, which attached to the phenyl ring bonded to the nitrogen donor, on the catalytic activity and enantioselectivity. It was seen that the electronic effects of these substituents did not contribute to the catalytic efficiency of the ruthenium(II) catalysts.
Conformational Dynamics-Guided Loop Engineering of an Alcohol Dehydrogenase: Capture, Turnover and Enantioselective Transformation of Difficult-to-Reduce Ketones
Liu, Beibei,Qu, Ge,Li, Jun-Kuan,Fan, Wenchao,Ma, Jun-An,Xu, Yan,Nie, Yao,Sun, Zhoutong
, p. 3182 - 3190 (2019/05/15)
Directed evolution of enzymes for the asymmetric reduction of prochiral ketones to produce enantio-pure secondary alcohols is particularly attractive in organic synthesis. Loops located at the active pocket of enzymes often participate in conformational changes required to fine-tune residues for substrate binding and catalysis. It is therefore of great interest to control the substrate specificity and stereochemistry of enzymatic reactions by manipulating the conformational dynamics. Herein, a secondary alcohol dehydrogenase was chosen to enantioselectively catalyze the transformation of difficult-to-reduce bulky ketones, which are not accepted by the wildtype enzyme. Guided by previous work and particularly by structural analysis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, two key residues alanine 85 (A85) and isoleucine 86 (I86) situated at the binding pocket were thought to increase the fluctuation of a loop region, thereby yielding a larger volume of the binding pocket to accommodate bulky substrates. Subsequently, site-directed saturation mutagenesis was performed at the two sites. The best mutant, where residue alanine 85 was mutated to glycine and isoleucine 86 to leucine (A85G/I86L), can efficiently reduce bulky ketones to the corresponding pharmaceutically interesting alcohols with high enantioselectivities (～99% ee). Taken together, this study demonstrates that introducing appropriate mutations at key residues can induce a higher flexibility of the active site loop, resulting in the improvement of substrate specificity and enantioselectivity. (Figure presented.).
Structural basis for a highly (S)-enantioselective reductase towards aliphatic ketones with only one carbon difference between side chain
Koesoema, Afifa Ayu,Sugiyama, Yosuke,Xu, Zichang,Standley, Daron M.,Senda, Miki,Senda, Toshiya,Matsuda, Tomoko
, p. 9543 - 9553 (2019/09/16)
Aliphatic ketones, such as 2-butanone and 3-hexanone, with only one carbon difference among side chains adjacent to the carbonyl carbon are difficult to be reduced enantioselectively. In this study, we utilized an acetophenone reductase from Geotrichum candidum NBRC 4597 (GcAPRD) to reduce challenging aliphatic ketones such as 2-butanone (methyl ethyl ketone) and 3-hexanone (ethyl propyl ketone) to their corresponding (S)-alcohols with 94% ee and > 99% ee, respectively. Through crystallographic structure determination, it was suggested that residue Trp288 limit the size of the small binding pocket. Docking simulations imply that Trp288 plays an important role to form a C-H?π interaction for proper orientation of ketones in the pro-S binding pose in order to produce (S)-alcohols. The excellent (S)-enantioselectivity is due to a non-productive pro-R binding pose, consistent with the observation that the (R)-alcohol acts as an inhibitor of (S)-alcohol oxidation.
