(ΔG; Gibbs free energy). An exact thermodynamic quantity used to predict the maximum work obtainable from the spontaneous transformation of a given system. It also provides a criterion for the spontaneity of a transformation or reaction and predicts the greatest extent to which the reaction can occur, i.e., its maximum yield. Transformation of a system can be brought about by either heat or mechanical work. Free energy is derived from the internal energy and entropy of a system in accordance with the laws of thermodynamics.See also Enthalpy.