Radium

Name:
Radium
Detailed information:

M Formula:	Ra
Properties:
Brilliant-white solid. Mp 700C, bp 1140C, d 5. Luminescent, turns black on exposure to air. Soluble in water with evolution of hydrogen; forms water-soluble compounds. Decays by emission of α-, β-, and γ-radiation. Bone-seeking when taken into the body.
Occurrence:
Colorado, Canada, Zaire, France, the former U.S.S.R..
Derivation:
Uranium ores (pitchblende and carnotite). The method used for isolating radium is similar to that developed by Mme. Curie and involves coprecipitation with barium and lead, chemical separation with hydrochloric acid, and further purification by repeated fractional crystallization. The metal is separated from its salts by electrolysis and subsequent distillation in hydrogen. Dry salts are stored in sealed glass tubes, opened regularly by experienced workers to relieve pressure. The tubes are kept in lead containers.
Hazard:
Highly toxic, emits ionizing radiation. Lead shielding should be used in storage and handling, adequate protective clothing and remote control devices are essential. Destructive to living tissue.
Use:
Medical treatment for malignant growths, industrial radiography, source of neutrons and radon.