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3
. Conclusion
In summary, we elaborately designed a novel hybrid nano-
composite, PtNiB/CMK-3, by surface engineering of PtNi NPs
with B-doping. The present strategy can be used to promote the
electrocatalytic activity for ECH of guaiacol and related lignin
model monomers. The optimized surface electron structure
following B-doping significantly influences the adsorption
free energy of intermediates on PtNiB. Additionally, the large
specific surface area of CMK-3, which has a uniform porous
structure, maximized the number of exposed active sites and
provided low resistance diffusion channels. Thus, PtNiB/
CMK-3 exhibited a superior ECH performance with a high FE
and robust stability, consequently capable of converting model
lignin monomers into KA oil and other valuable chemicals
and fuels. Besides, lab-scale ECH of guaiacol to KA oil is also
confirmed to be feasible. The current work sheds new insight
into the design and synthesis of highly active, stable electrocata-
lysts through an alloy-doping strategy and may offer significant
advantages for future bio-oil upgrading and high value-added
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Y. Zhang, Y. Y. Chen, J. H. Li, L. Gu, L. J. Wan, J. S. Hu,
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