Stille coupling versus cine substitution. Electronic effects also influence coupling sterically hindered stannanes

Article abstract of DOI:10.1016/S0040-4039(98)01058-2

Very low ligand to palladium ratios, especially weak ligands and iodides as electrophiles allow Stille couplings to very hindered stannanes, not possible under common conditions. In contrast, the usage of triflates and elevated temperatures yields exclusi