communications
www.MaterialsViews.com
The controllable synthesis of palladium NHC particles [13] Z. Zhang, Y. Chen, X. Xu, J. Zhang, G. Xiang, W. He, X. Wang,
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 429.
14] S. Li, F. Huo, Small 2014, 10, 4371.
15] B. Karimi, P. F. Akhavan, Chem. Commun. 2009, 45, 3750.
16] N. M. S. Díez-González, N. Marion, S. P. Nolan, Chem. Rev. 2009,
with different sizes and morphologies was presented for the
[
[
[
first time. The nano- and micrometer-sized organometallic
particles with spherical, cubic, and honeycomb morphologies
can readily be prepared through a one-step reaction of a trip-
odal imidazolium salt and palladium acetate. The solvent has
an important effect on the formation, size, and morphology
1
09, 3612.
[
17] K. V. S. Ranganath, S. Onitsuka, A. K. Kumar, J. Inanaga, Catal. Sci.
Technol. 2013, 3, 2161.
of these particles. The structures of cubic and honeycomb [18] M. N. Hopkinson, C. Richter, M. Schedler, F. Glorius, Nature 2014,
5
10, 485.
19] A. J. Boydston, K. A. Williams, C. W. Bielawski, J. Am. Chem. Soc.
005, 127, 12496.
20] F. E. Hahn, C. Radloff, T. Pape, A. Hepp, Organometallics 2008,
7, 6408.
particles are confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction
analysis and are an unprecedented trinuclear palladium NHC
complex. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report
of relationship between X-ray crystal structures and orga-
[
[
2
2
nometallic particles with specific morphologies. An obvious [21] J. Choi, H. Y. Yang, H. J. Kim, S. U. Son, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
effect of particle morphologies on catalytic activity and recy-
clability was observed in heterogeneous cyanosilylation. In
summary, this study not only is of significant assistance in
understanding the factors controlling structures and mor-
phologies of organometallic particles, but also greatly widens
the scope of nano- and micrometer-sized particles.
2010, 49, 7718.
[
[
[
[
22] B. Karimi, P. F. Akhavan, Inorg. Chem. 2011, 50, 6063.
23] B. Karimi, F. P. Akhavan, Chem. Commun. 2011, 47, 7686.
24] B. Karimi, P. F. Akhavan, Inorg. Chem. 2011, 50, 6063.
25] C. Zhang, J. J. Wang, Y. Liu, H. Ma, X. L. Yang, H. B. Xu, Chem. Eur.
J. 2013, 19, 5004.
[
26] S. Navalón, M. Álvaro, H. García, Chem. Catal. Chem. 2013, 5,
3
460.
[27] S. Gonell, M. Poyatos, E. Peris, Chem. Eur. J. 2014, 20, 5746.
[28] Y. Zhang, S. N. Riduan, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2012, 41, 2083.
[29] K. V. S. Ranganath, S. Onitsuka, A. K. Kumar, J. Inanaga, Catal. Sci.
Technol. 2013, 3, 2161.
Supporting Information
[
[
30] D. Samanta, P. S. Mukherjee, Chem. Eur. J. 2014, 20, 12483.
31] L. Li, J. Wang, C. Zhou, R. Wang, M. Hong, Green Chem. 2011, 13,
2071.
Supporting Information is available from the Wiley Online Library
or from the author.
[32] H. Zhao, L. Li, Y. Wang, R. Wang, Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 5478.
[33] H. Zhao, L. Li, J. Wang, R. Wang, Nanoscale 2015, 7, 3532.
[34] M. Oh, C. A. Mirkin, Nature 2005, 438, 651.
[35] Z. R. Shen, J. G. Wang, P. C. Sun, D. T. Ding, T. H. Chen, Chem.
Commun. 2009, 45, 1742.
Acknowledgements
[
[
36] S. Hu, X. Wang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 9573.
37] K. H. Park, I. Ku, H. J. Kim, S. U. Son, Chem. Mater. 2008, 20,
1673.
The authors acknowledge 973 Program (2011CBA00502), National
Natural Science Foundation of China (21273239, 21471151) for
financial support.
[
38] Y. Zhang, L. Zhao, P. K. Patra, D. Hu, J. Y. Ying, Nano Today 2009,
4
, 13.
[39] S. Y. Ding, J. Gao, Q. Wang, Y. Zhang, W. G. Song, C. Y. Su,
W . W a n g , J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 19816.
[
[
40] X. Q. Zou, H. Ren, G. S. Zhu, Chem. Commun. 2013, 49, 3925.
41] R. K. Totten, M. H. Weston, J. K. Park, O. K. Farha, J. T. Hupp,
S. T. Nguyen, ACS Catal. 2013, 3, 1454.
[
[
[
[
[
[
1] T. Q. Nguyen, R. Martel, P. Avouris, M. L. Bushey, L. Brus,
C. Nuckolls, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 5234.
2] H. Peng, S. Meister, C. K. Chan, X. F. Zhang, Y. Cui, Nano Lett.
[
[
[
[
42] H. A. Patel, S. H. Je, J. Park, D. P. Chen, Y. Jung, C. T. Yavuz,
2
007, 7, 199.
A . C o s k u n , Nat. Commun. 2013, 4, 1357.
3] J. Zeng, J. Huang, W. Lu, X. Wang, B. Wang, S. Zhang, J. Hou,
Adv. Mater. 2007, 19, 2172.
4] L. Zhao, Z. Bacsik, N. Hedin, W. Wei, Y. Sun, M. Antonietti,
M. M. Titirici, Chem. Sus. Chem. 2010, 3, 840.
43] X. Yang, S. Yao, M. Yu, J. X. Jiang, Macromol. Rapid Commun.
2
014, 35, 834.
44] H. A. Patel, S. H. Je, J. Park, Y. Jung, A. Coskun, C. T. Yavuz, Chem.
Eur. J. 2014, 20, 772.
45] T. Ben, H. Ren, S. Q. Ma, D. P. Cao, J. H. Lan, X. F. Jing, W. C. Wang,
J. Xu, F. Deng, J. M. Simmons, S. L. Qiu, G. S. Zhu, Angew. Chem.
Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 9457.
5] Q. Yu, P. Wang, S. Hu, J. Hui, J. Zhuang, X. Wang, Langmuir 2011,
2
7, 7185.
6] J. Chun, J. H. Park, J. Kim, S. M. Lee, H. J. Kim, S. U. Son, Chem.
Mater. 2012, 24, 3458.
[
[
[
[
46] B. G. Hauser, O. K. Farha, J. Exley, J. T. Hupp, Chem. Mater. 2013,
[
[
7] D. Wang, D. Astruc, Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 6949.
8] Y. Zu, M. H. Tan, B. Chowbay, S. C. Lee, H. Yap, M. T. M. Lee,
L. S. Lu, C. P. Chang, J. Y. Ying, Nano Today 2014, 9, 166.
9] S. Q. Liu, S. Venkataraman, Z. Y. Ong, J. M. W. Chan, C. Yang,
J. L. Hedrick, Y. Y. Yang, Small 2014, 20, 4130.
2
5, 12.
47] J. J. Song, F. Gallou, T. J. Reeves, Z. L. Tan, N. K. Yee,
C. H. Senanayake, J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, 1273.
[
48] S. Horike, M. Dinca, K. Tamaki, J. R. Long, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008,
1
30, 5854.
[
10] H. Chen, B. Qi, T. Moore, F. Wang, D. C. Colvin, L. D. Sanjeewa,
49] K. Suzuki, M. Sugawa, Y. Kikukawa, K. Kamata, K. Yamaguchi,
J. C. Gor, S. Hwu, O. T. Mefford, F. Alexis, J. N. Anker, Small 2014,
N. Mizuno, Inorg. Chem. 2012, 51, 6953.
1
0, 3364.
[
11] Y. M. Jeon, G. S. Armatas, J. Heo, M. G. Kanatzidis, C. A. Mirkin,
Adv. Mater. 2008, 20, 2105.
12] Z. Xiao, X. Zhao, X. K. Jiang, Z. T. Li, Chem. Mater. 2011, 23, 1505.
Received: March 7, 2015
Revised: March 24, 2015
Published online:
[
6
www.small-journal.com
© 2015 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
small 2015,
DOI: 10.1002/smll.201500658