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Cobalt

Cobalt General

Name:Cobalt Symbol:Co
Type:Transition Metal Atomic weight:58.9332
Density @ 293 K: 8.90 g/cm3 Atomic volume:6.7 cm3/mol
Discovered:

Since ancient times cobalt compounds have been used to produce blue glass and ceramics. The element was first isolated by George Brandt in 1735. The word cobalt is derived from the German 'kobold', meaning goblin or elf.

Cobalt States

State (s, l, g):solid
Melting point:1768 K (1495 °C) Boiling point:3203 K (2930 °C)

Cobalt Energies

Specific heat capacity: 0.42 J g-1 K-1 Heat of atomization:426 kJ mol-1
Heat of fusion:16.190 kJ mol-1 Heat of vaporization :373.3 kJ mol-1
1st ionization energy:758.4 kJ mol-1 2nd ionization energy:1646 kJ mol-1
3rd ionization energy:3232.2 kJ mol-1 Electron affinity:63.8 kJ mol-1

Cobalt Oxidation & Electrons

Shells:2,8,15,2 Electron configuration:[Ar] 3d7 4s2
Minimum oxidation number:-1 Maximum oxidation number:5
Min. common oxidation no.:0 Max. common oxidation no.:3
Electronegativity (Pauling Scale):1.88 Polarizability volume:7.5 Å3

Cobalt Appearance & Characteristics

Structure:hcp: hexagonal close pkd Color:bluish-white
Hardness:5.0 mohs
Harmful effects:

Cobalt and its compounds are considered to be slightly toxic.

Characteristics:

Cobalt is a bluish-white, lustrous, hard, brittle metal. It is ferromagnetic.

The metal is active chemically, forming many compounds.


Uses:

Cobalt is used in alloys for aircraft engine parts and in alloys with corrosion/wear resistant uses.

Cobalt is widely used in batteries and in electroplating.

Cobalt salts are used to impart blue and green colors in glass and ceramics.

Radioactive 60Co is used in the treatment of cancer.

Cobalt is essential to many living creatures and is a component of vitamin B12.

Cobalt Reactions

Reaction with air:mild, w/ht ⇒ Co3O4 Reaction with 6 M HCl:mild ⇒ H2, CoCl2
Reaction with 15 M HNO3:vigorous, ⇒ Co(No3)2, Nox Reaction with 6 M NaOH:

Cobalt Compounds

Oxide(s):CoO, Co3O4 Chloride(s):CoCl2
Hydride(s):None

Cobalt Radius

Atomic radius:135 pm Ionic radius (1+ ion):pm
Ionic radius (2+ ion):83.8 pm Ionic radius (3+ ion):71.8 pm
Ionic radius (2- ion):pm Ionic radius (1- ion):pm

Cobalt Conductivity

Thermal conductivity: 100 W m-1 K-1 Electrical conductivity:17.9 x 106 S m-1

Cobalt Abundance & Isotopes

Abundance earth's crust:25 parts per million by weight, 8 parts per million by moles
Abundance solar system:4 parts per million by weight, 0.7 parts per million by moles
Cost, pure:$21 per 100g
Cost, bulk:$4.40 per 100g
Source:

Cobalt is not found as a free element in nature. It is found in mineral ores. The main ores of cobalt are cobaltite (CoAsS), erythrite (hydrated arsenate of cobalt), glaucodot (Co,Fe)AsS, and skutterudite (Co,Ni)As3. Cobalt is generally produced as a by-product of nickel and copper mining.

Isotopes:

Cobalt has 22 isotopes whose half-lives are known, with mass numbers 50 to 72. Of these, only one is stable, 59Co.

Cobalt Other

Other:

 


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