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| CAS No.: | 124-38-9 |
|---|---|
| Name: | Carbon dioxide |
| Article Data: | 7009 |
| Molecular Structure: | |
|
|
|
| Formula: | CO2 |
| Molecular Weight: | 44.0098 |
| Synonyms: | Carbonoxide (CO2);Carbon-12 dioxide;Carbon-12C dioxide-16O2;Carbonic acidanhydride;Carbonic acid gas;Carbonic anhydride;Dry ice;EN 439C1;Khladon744;R 744; |
| EINECS: | 204-696-9 |
| Density: | 0.984 g/cm3 |
| Melting Point: | -78.5 °C(lit.) |
| Boiling Point: | 326.9°C at 760 mmHg |
| Flash Point: | 160.2°C |
| Solubility: | mL CO2/100mL H2O at 760mm: 171 (0°C), 88 (20°C), 36 (60°C) [MER06] |
| Appearance: | colourless odourless gas |
| Safety: | 9 |
| Transport Information: | UN 1013 2.2 |
| PSA: | 34.14000 |
| LogP: | -0.58350 |
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| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With water In gas production of H2 by steam reforming of methanol react.; catalyst: CeO2/Cu/Al2O3; detn. by gas chromy.; | |
| With water In gas production of H2 by steam reforming of methanol react.; catalyst: Cu/Al2O3; detn. by gas chromy.; | |
| With catayst:Pt/ γ -Al2O3 In neat (no solvent) Kinetics; total pressure: 1.36 - 5.84 bar, N2 carrier gas, 423 K; detected by gas chromy.; |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With 2.0CuO*P2O5; oxygen In water at 115℃; under 6000.6 Torr; Autoclave; | A n/a B 55% |
- 67-56-1
methanol
A
- 34557-54-5
methane
B
- 124-38-9
carbon dioxide
C
- 201230-82-2
carbon monoxide
D
- 1333-74-0
hydrogen
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With dihydrogen peroxide; 5% Pt/Al2O3 In water at 20 - 290℃; under 760.051 - 18617.8 Torr; for 0.00277778h; Conversion of starting material; Liquid phase; | A n/a B n/a C n/a D 85% |
| With dihydrogen peroxide; 6 wt % Pd-Ni/Al2O3-MnO2 In water at 50 - 220℃; under 760.051 - 17066.3 Torr; for 0.00416667h; Conversion of starting material; Liquid phase; | A n/a B n/a C n/a D 80% |
| With water at 300℃; Reagent/catalyst; |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| Stage #1: poly(4-hydroxystyrene); di-tert-butyl dicarbonate; dmap In propyleneglycolmonomethyl ether acetate at 23℃; for 8h; Stage #2: With Dowex Mac-3 In propyleneglycolmonomethyl ether acetate | A 36.6% B n/a |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With oxygen at 370℃; for 20h; | A 5.1% B 57.3% |
| With oxygen In water at 420℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 8h; Reagent/catalyst; Flow reactor; |
- 64-17-5
ethanol
A
- 34557-54-5
methane
B
- 124-38-9
carbon dioxide
C
- 201230-82-2
carbon monoxide
D
- 75-07-0
acetaldehyde
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With cerium-nickel based oxyhydride In water at 450℃; Temperature; | |
| With Ni-doped silica; water at 500℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 0.5h; Temperature; Reagent/catalyst; | |
| With rhodium supported on Cobalt-based ceria In water at 326.84 - 526.84℃; | |
| With water at 420℃; for 1h; | |
| With water; hydrogen at 300℃; under 760.051 Torr; |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With cobalt(II,III) oxide In water at 90℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 1h; Catalytic behavior; Activation energy; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Flow reactor; | 90% |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With oxygen at 240℃; under 760.051 Torr; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Flow reactor; | 100% |
| With platinum In sulfuric acid at 49.9℃; Mechanism; galvanostatic oxidation; | |
| With dipotassium peroxodisulfate In water at 48.9℃; for 2h; Kinetics; Mechanism; Thermodynamic data; activation energy; -ΔS; ΔH; different peroxodisulfate, formaldehyde concentrations, reaction times and temperature; |
- 201230-82-2
carbon monoxide
- 124-38-9
carbon dioxide
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With oxygen at 180℃; Flow reactor; | 100% |
| With H2O; selenium; platinum In water at 200℃; under 22501.8 Torr; for 20h; | 43% |
| With hydrogen; oxygen at 80℃; under 760.051 Torr; Kinetics; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; | 40% |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With H2O In perchloric acid aq. HClO4; Electrochem. Process; oxidn. on boron-doped diamond anode; 1 M HClO4; at 25°C; anode potential 0-3.1 V; products monitored by HPLC; | 95% |
| With O40PW12(3-)*Co(2+)*H(1+); dihydrogen peroxide In water; glycerol at 79.84℃; for 1h; Reagent/catalyst; Autoclave; Green chemistry; | 48.1% |
| With dihydrogen peroxide; pyrographite In water at 105 - 120℃; for 0.5h; Product distribution; investigation of the ctaytic oxidation of phenol by hydrogen peroxide on an activated carbon surface; |
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Chemistry
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IUPAC Name: Carbon dioxide
Empirical Formula: CO2
Molecular Weight: 44.0095
EINECS: 204-696-9
Classification Code: Human Data; Reproductive Effect; Stimulant [respiratory]
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with chemically active metals, such as alkali metals.
Melting Point: -78.5 °C(lit.)
storage temp.: -70 °C
Boiling point: -57 °C,
Index of Refraction: 1.246
Molar Refractivity: 6.98 cm3
Molar Volume: 44.7 cm3
Surface Tension: 3.4 dyne/cm
Density: 0.984 g/cm3
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 16.86 kJ/mol
Vapour Pressure of Carbon dioxide (CAS NO.124-38-9): 28300 mmHg at 25 °C
History
1、Carbon dioxide (CAS NO.124-38-9) was one of the first gases to be described as a substance distinct from air. In the seventeenth century, the Flemish chemist Jan Baptist van Helmont observed that when he burned charcoal in a closed vessel, the mass of the resulting ash was much less than that of the original charcoal.
2、The properties of Carbon dioxide (CAS NO.124-38-9) were studied more thoroughly in the 1750s by the Scottish physician Joseph Black.
3、Carbon dioxide (CAS NO.124-38-9) was first liquefied (at elevated pressures) in 1823 by Humphry Davy and Michael Faraday.The earliest description of solid carbon dioxide was given by Charles Thilorier, who in 1834 opened a pressurized container of liquid carbon dioxide, only to find that the cooling produced by the rapid evaporation of the liquid yielded a "snow" of solid CO2.
Uses
1、Carbon dioxide (CAS NO.124-38-9) is used by the food industry, the oil industry, and the chemical industry. It is used in many consumer products.
2、Carbon dioxide (CAS NO.124-38-9) is used to produce carbonated soft drinks and soda water.
3、Carbon dioxide (CAS NO.124-38-9) is one of the most commonly used compressed gases for pneumatic (pressurized gas) systems in portable pressure tools and combat robots.
4、Carbon dioxide (CAS NO.124-38-9) also finds use as an atmosphere for welding, although in the welding arc, it reacts to oxidize most metals. It is used as a welding gas primarily because it is much less expensive than more inert gases such as argon or helium.
5、Carbon dioxide (CAS NO.124-38-9) is a good solvent for many lipophilic organic compounds, and is used to remove caffeine from coffee.
6、In the chemical industry, Carbon dioxide (CAS NO.124-38-9) is used for the production of urea, carbonates and bicarbonates, and sodium salicylate.
Production
Carbon dioxide (CAS NO.124-38-9) is produced mainly from six processes:
1、From combustion of fossil fuels and wood;
2、As a by-product of hydrogen production plants, where methane is converted to CO2;
3、As a by-product of fermentation of sugar in the brewing of beer, whisky and other alcoholic beverages;
4、From thermal decomposition of limestone, CaCO3, in the manufacture of lime, CaO;
5、As a by-product of sodium phosphate manufacture;
6、Directly from natural carbon dioxide springs, where it is produced by the action of acidified water on limestone or dolomite.
Toxicity Data With Reference
| Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| human | LCLo | inhalation | 9pph/5M (90000ppm) | Tabulae Biologicae. Vol. 3, Pg. 231, 1933. | |
| mammal (species unspecified) | LCLo | inhalation | 90000ppm/5M (90000ppm) | Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 138, Pg. 65, 1928. |
Consensus Reports
Carbon dioxide (CAS NO.124-38-9) is reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.
Safety Profile
Safety Statements: 9
S9:Keep container in a well-ventilated place.
RIDADR: UN 1013 2.2
F: 4.5-31
HazardClass: 2.2
PackingGroup: III
Contact of solid Carbon dioxide snow with the skin can cause burns. Dusts of magnesium, zirconium, titanium, and some magnesium-aluminum alloys ignite and then explode in CO2 atmospheres. Dusts of aluminum, chromium, and manganese ignite and then explode when heated in CO2.
Standards and Recommendations
OSHA PEL: TWA 10,000 ppm; STEL 30,000 ppm
ACGIH TLV: TWA 5000 ppm; STEL 30,000 ppm
DFG MAK: 5000 ppm (9100 mg/m3)
NIOSH REL: (Carbon Dioxide) TWA 10,000 ppm; CL 30,000 ppm/10M
DOT Classification: 2.2; Label: Nonflammable Gas; DOT Class: 9; Label: None (UN 1845)
Analytical Methods
For occupational chemical analysis use OSHA: #ID-172 or NIOSH: Carbon Dioxide, S249.
Specification
Carbon dioxide (CAS NO.124-38-9), its Synonyms are Carbon oxide ; Carbon oxide, di- ; Carbonic acid anhydride ; Carbonic acid gas ; Carbonic anhydride ; Carbonica ; Caswell No. 163 ; Dioxido de carbono ; Dioxido de carbono [Spanish] ; Dioxyde de carbone ; Dioxyde de carbone [French] ; Dry ice . It is colourless odourless gas.