Platinum
Platinum General
| Name:Platinum | Symbol:Pt |
| Type:Transition Metal | Atomic weight:195.09 |
| Density @ 293 K:21.45 g/cm3 | Atomic volume: 9.10 cm3/mol |
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Discovered:
Platinum was discovered by South American peoples who produced artifacts of a white gold-platinum alloy. The first written account of platinum was from Julius C Scaliger in 1557. Its name comes from the Spanish word 'platina', meaning little silver. |
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Platinum States
| State (s, l, g):solid | |
| Melting point:2041 K (1768 °C) | Boiling point:4093 K (3820 °C) |
Platinum Energies
| Specific heat capacity:0.13 J g-1 K-1 | Heat of atomization: 564 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat of fusion:22.17 kJ mol-1 | Heat of vaporization : 510.45 kJ mol-1 |
| 1st ionization energy: 870 kJ mol-1 | 2nd ionization energy:1791 kJ mol-1 |
| 3rd ionization energy:kJ mol-1 | Electron affinity:205.3 kJ mol-1 |
Platinum Oxidation & Electrons
| Shells:2, 8, 18, 32, 17, 1 | Electron configuration:[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1 |
| Minimum oxidation number:0 | Maximum oxidation number:6 |
| Min. common oxidation no.:0 | Max. common oxidation no.:4 |
| Electronegativity (Pauling Scale):2.28 | Polarizability volume: 6.5 Å3 |
Platinum Appearance & Characteristics
| Structure: fcc: face-centered cubic | Color:silvery-white |
| Hardness:3.5 mohs | |
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Harmful effects:
Platinum is considered to be non-toxic. |
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Characteristics:
Platinum is a precious metal; soft, silvery-white, and dense with a beautiful lustrous sheen. It is malleable and ductile and has a high melting point. Uses: Platinum is widely used as a catalyst for chemical reactions. The most important use of platinum is in vehicles, as a catalytic converter, facilitating the complete combustion of unburned hydrocarbon passing through the exhaust. |
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Platinum Reactions
| Reaction with air:none | Reaction with 6 M HCl:none |
| Reaction with 15 M HNO3:none | Reaction with 6 M NaOH:none |
Platinum Compounds
| Oxide(s):Pt2O2 | Chloride(s):PtCl2, PtCl4 |
| Hydride(s):none |
Platinum Radius
| Atomic radius:135 pm | Ionic radius (1+ ion):pm |
| Ionic radius (2+ ion): 94 pm | Ionic radius (3+ ion):pm |
| Ionic radius (2- ion):pm | Ionic radius (1- ion):pm |
Platinum Conductivity
| Thermal conductivity: 71.6 W m-1 K-1 | Electrical conductivity: 9.4 x 106 S m-1 |
Platinum Abundance & Isotopes
| Abundance earth's crust:5 parts per billion by weight, 0.5 parts per billion by moles | |
| Abundance solar system: 9 part per billion by weight, 0.06 parts per billion by moles | |
| Cost, pure: $13000 per 100g | |
| Cost, bulk: $5000 per 100g | |
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Source:
Platinum is an extremely rare metal and can be found uncombined in alluvial deposits often accompanied by small amounts of other platinum family metals. A major source of platinum is the ore sperrylite (PtAs2). It is also found in the mineral cooperite (PtS). Platinum is also produced commercially as a by-product of nickel refining from copper-nickel ores. |
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Isotopes:
Platinum has 35 isotopes whose half-lives are known, with mass numbers 202 to 168. Of these five are stable, 192Pt, 194Pt, 195Pt, 196Pt and 198Pt. |
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Platinum Other
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Other:
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