Tin
Tin General
| Name:Tin | Symbol:Sn |
| Type:Metal, Carbon group | Atomic weight:118.69 |
| Density @ 293 K:7.30 g/cm3 | Atomic volume:16.3 cm3/mol |
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Discovered:
Tin has been known since ancient times. Its chemical symbol, Sn, comes from its Latin name, 'stannum'. |
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Tin States
| State (s, l, g):solid | |
| Melting point:505.078 K (231.928 °C) | Boiling point:2893 K (2620 °C) |
Tin Energies
| Specific heat capacity:0.227 J g-1 K-1 | Heat of atomization:302 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat of fusion: 7.029 kJ mol-1 | Heat of vaporization : 295.80 kJ mol-1 |
| 1st ionization energy:708.6 kJ mol-1 | 2nd ionization energy:1411.8 kJ mol-1 |
| 3rd ionization energy:2943 kJ mol-1 | Electron affinity:107 kJ mol-1 |
Tin Oxidation & Electrons
| Shells:2,8,18,18,4 | Electron configuration:[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2 |
| Minimum oxidation number:-4 | Maximum oxidation number:4 |
| Min. common oxidation no.:0 | Max. common oxidation no.:4 |
| Electronegativity (Pauling Scale):1.96 | Polarizability volume:7.7 Å3 |
Tin Appearance & Characteristics
| Structure:distorted diamond | Color:silvery-white |
| Hardness:1.5 mohs | |
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Harmful effects:
Tin is considered to be non-toxic but most tin salts are toxic. The inorganic salts are caustic but of low toxicity. Organometallic compounds of tin are highly toxic. |
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Characteristics:
Tin is a silvery-white, soft, malleable metal that can be highly polished. Uses: Tin is used as a coating on the surface of other metals to prevent corrosion. 'Tin' cans, for example, are made of tin-coated steel. |
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Tin Reactions
| Reaction with air:mild, w/ht ⇒ SnO2 | Reaction with 6 M HCl:none |
| Reaction with 15 M HNO3:mild, ⇒ SnO2, NOx | Reaction with 6 M NaOH:mild, ⇒ H2, [Sn(OH6)]2- |
Tin Compounds
| Oxide(s):SnO , SnO2 (stannic oxide) | Chloride(s):SnCl2 & SnCl4 |
| Hydride(s):SnH4, Sn2H6 |
Tin Radius
| Atomic radius:140.5 pm | Ionic radius (1+ ion):pm |
| Ionic radius (2+ ion):pm | Ionic radius (3+ ion):pm |
| Ionic radius (2- ion):pm | Ionic radius (1- ion):pm |
Tin Conductivity
| Thermal conductivity:66.8 W m-1 K-1 | Electrical conductivity: 8.7 x 106 S m-1 |
Tin Abundance & Isotopes
| Abundance earth's crust:2.3 parts per million by weight, 0.4 parts per million by moles | |
| Abundance solar system:9 parts per billion by weight, 0.1 parts per billion by moles | |
| Cost, pure:$24 per 100g | |
| Cost, bulk:$1.80 per 100g | |
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Source:
Tin very rarely occurs free in nature. The chief ore is cassiterite (SnO2). The metal is prepared from cassiterite by reducing the ore with coal. |
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Isotopes:
35 whose half-lives are known, mass numbers 100 to 134. Of these, ten are stable: 112Sn, 114Sn, 115Sn, 116Sn, 117Sn, 118Sn, 119Sn, 120Sn, 122Sn and 124Sn. The most abundant is 118Sn at 24%. |
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Tin Other
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Other:
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