Tungsten

Base Information

• Chemical Name: Tungsten
• CAS No.: 7440-33-7
• Deprecated CAS: 37374-90-6
• Molecular Formula: W
• Molecular Weight: 183.85
• Hs Code.: 81011000
• European Community (EC) Number: 231-143-9
• ICSC Number: 1404
• UN Number: 3089,1325
• UNII: V9306CXO6G
• DSSTox Substance ID: DTXSID8052481,DTXSID601318076
• Nikkaji Number: J54.229F
• Wikipedia: Tungsten
• Wikidata: Q743,Q27104739,Q27113833,Q27113831
• Mol file: 7440-33-7.mol

Synonyms:Tungsten;Wolfram

Chemical Property of Tungsten

Chemical Property:

• Appearance/Colour: grey metal chunks or grey powder
• Vapor Pressure: 0Pa at 3000℃
• Melting Point: 3410 °C(lit.)
• Boiling Point: 5660 ºC
• Flash Point: -23°C
• PSA: 0.00000
• Density: 19.3
• LogP: 0.00000
• Storage Temp.: no restrictions.
• Water Solubility.: insoluble
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 0
• Rotatable Bond Count: 0
• Exact Mass: 183.950933
• Heavy Atom Count: 1
• Complexity: 0

Purity/Quality:

99.9% ^*data from raw suppliers

Tungsten wire (99.95%) ^*data from reagent suppliers

Safty Information:

• Pictogram(s): F,Xn,N,Xi
• Hazard Codes: F,Xi,N,Xn
• Statements: 11-36/38-67-65-62-51/53-48/20-38
• Safety Statements: 6-26-36-62-61-36/37-16

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Total 1 MSDS from other Authors

Useful:

• Chemical Classes: Metals -> Elements, Metallic
• Canonical SMILES: [W]
• Inhalation Risk: A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed.
• Effects of Short Term Exposure: May cause mechanical irritation to the eyes and respiratory tract.
• Effects of Long Term Exposure: Repeated or prolonged inhalation of dust particles may cause effects on the lungs.
• Uses: Industrially tungsten is a very important metal having wide applications. This is due to many outstanding physical properties. Among all the metals, tungsten has the highest melting point and the lowest vapor pressure. Also at high temperatures it has the highest tensile strength. The metal has an excellent resistance to corrosion and attack by mineral acids. Also it has a thermal expansion comparable to that of borosilicate glass. Tungsten is extensively used in alloy steel to impart high strength and hardness to steel. Heavy metal alloys with nickel, copper and iron, produced by powder metallurgy, can be made machineable and moderately ductile for applications as high-density materials. Tungsten carbides are extremely hard and are excellent cutting materials. They are used extensivly in the tool and die industry for drilling and cutting tools, sand blasting nozzels, armor-piercing bullets, and studs to increase traction of tires. Among the nonferrous tungsten alloys, its alloys with copper and silver are used as electrical contacts and switches and with molybdenum in aerospace components. Unalloyed tungsten has several major applications. An important use is in the electric lamp filaments for light bulbs. Also, it is used as electrodes in arcwelding, in heating elements for high-temperature furnaces, in electron and television tubes, in glass-tometal seals, and in solar energy devices. Tungsten, also known as wolfram, occurs as wolframite (FeWO4). It can be found in the earth’s crust but not in its pure metal form. It combines with other chemicals and compounds within the rocky earth’s crust. It is a transitional hard metal with physicochemical properties and can also be manufactured commercially (Lassner and Schnubert, 1999; Gbaruko and Igwe, 2007; Stefaniak, 2010; Strigul et al., 2010). Tungsten is most commonly used to increase the hardness of steel. It is available commercially in the form of powder, single crystal, and ultrapure granule grades. It is also used in the manufacturing of alloys, light filaments, and X-ray tubes. A recent use for tungsten is as a lead substitute during the manufacturing of ammunition and sporting good products. Another recent commercial use for tungsten is in the production of wedding bands. It is also used as a catalyst in chemical reactions (Lassner and Schnubert, 1999; Gbaruko and Igwe, 2007; Stefaniak, 2010; Strigul et al., 2010). To increase hardness, toughness, elasticity, and tensile strength of steel; manufacture of alloys; manufacture of filaments for incandescent lamps and in electron tubes; in contact points for automotive, telegraph, radio and television apparatus; in phonograph needles. Tungsten carbides (W2C, WC) used in rock drills, metal-cutting tools, wire-drawing dies. WC used as catalyst instead of platinum: Bennett et al., Science 184, 563 (1974). Since its melting temperature is over 3,400°C, tungsten is one of the few metals that canglow white hot when heated without melting. This factor makes it the second most frequentlyused industrial metal (the first is iron). Tungsten is used in the filaments of common lightbulbs, as well as in TV tubes, cathode ray tubes, and computer monitors. Its ability to be“pulled” into thin wire makes it useful in the electronics industry. It is also used in solarenergy products and X-ray equipment. Its ability to withstand high temperatures makes itideal for rocket engines and electric-heater filaments of all kinds. Tungsten carbide is used as asubstitute for diamonds for drills and grinding equipment. This attribute is important in themanufacture of exceptionally hard, high-speed cutting tools. Ferrous and nonferrous alloys, filaments in incandescent lamps, heating elements, welding electrodes, manufacture of abrasives and tools, manufacture of textiles and ceramics.
• Physical Properties: Grayish-white metal; body-centered cubic crystalline structure; density 19.3 g/cm3; melts at 3,422°C; vaporizes at 5,555°C; vapor pressure 1 torr at 3,990°C; electrical resistivity 5.5 microhm-cm at 20°C; modulus of elasticity about 50 to 57 × 106 psi (single crystal); Poisson’s ratio 0.17; magnetic susceptibilty +59 × 10–6; thermal neutron absorption cross section 19.2 + 1.0 barns (2,200m/sec); velocity of sound, about 13,000 ft/sec; insoluble in water; practically insoluble in most acids and alkalies; dissolves slowly in hot concentrated nitric acid; dissolves in saturated aqueous solution of sodium chlorate and basic solution of potassium ferricyanide; also solubilized by fusion with sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate in the presence of potassium nitrate followed by treatment with water.
• Description: Tungsten was recognized as a distinct element in 1779 by Peter Woulfe, but not isolated until 1783, by Jose and Fausto d’Elhuyar. The average tungsten concentration in the earth’s crust is ~0.006%. Tungsten occurs naturally as tungstate, mainly in compounds such as wolframites and scheelites.
• Physical properties: Extremely pure samples of tungsten are rather soft and can be cut easily with a simple saw.Pure tungsten can be drawn into fine wires (ductile). On the other hand, if there are even a fewimpurities in the sample, the metal becomes very hard and brittle. It is a very dense metal witha whitish-to-silvery-grayish color when freshly cut. It has the highest melting point of all metalsat 3,422°C, making it a useful metal where high temperatures are required. Incidentally,the transition metals on both sides of it in period 6 (73Ta and 75Re) have the second- and thirdhighestmelting points. Tungsten’s boiling point is also high at 5,927°C.

Technology Process of Tungsten

There total 245 articles about Tungsten which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:

Reference yield: 100.0%

sodium tungstate → tungsten (7440-33-7)

Guidance literature:

With hydrogen; byproducts: NaOH, H2O; redn. at 1100°C;

Reference yield: 84.0%

tungsten(VI) oxide → tungsten (7440-33-7)

Guidance literature:

With magnesium; In solid; byproducts: MgO; (Ar) milled at room temp. and reaction times from few min up to several h; leached (HCl) under stirring; centrifuged; wached (HCl); wached several times (water); dried at 120°C (air);

DOI:10.1016/S0925-8388(03)00125-7

Reference yield: 82.9%

tungsten(VI) chloride (13283-01-7) → tungsten (7440-33-7)

Guidance literature:

With magnesium hydride; In toluene; byproducts: H2; (argon); refluxing WCl6 and MgH2 in toluene in a mill under continuous grinding (8.5 h); washing (toluene), trituration with EtOH, filtration, boiling with concd. HCl, filtration, washing (H2O; EtOH), drying;

DOI:10.1515/znb-1998-0412

upstream raw materials:

magnesium

disodium telluride

tungsten(VI) chloride

tungsten hexaiodide

Downstream raw materials:

Adipic acid

(R)-((S)-2-(6′-(acetamidomethyl)-5′-oxo-3′,5′-dihydro-2′H-spiro[[1,3]dioxolane-2,1′-indolizine]-7′-yl)-1-ethoxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl) 1-tosylpyrrolidine-2-carboxylate

magnesium

nickel

Refernces

• 1、 Kano, Junya,Kobayashi, Eiko,Tongamp, William,Miyagi, Shoko,Saito, Fumio. "Reduction of WO3 to W-metal by mechanochemical reaction". . p. 666 - 669. Retrieved 2009.
• 2、 Venables, Dean S.,Brown, Michael E.. "Reduction of tungsten oxides with carbon. Part 1: Thermal analyses". . p. 251 - 264. Retrieved 1996.
• 3、 Zhang,Hilmas,Fahrenholtz. "Zirconium carbide-tungsten cermets prepared by in situ reaction sintering". . p. 1930 - 1933. Retrieved 2007.
• 4、 Oh,Huh,Kim,Park,Lee. "Structural evolution of W nano clusters with increasing cluster size". . p. 7402 - 7404. Retrieved 1999.
• 5、 Wang, Jinshu,Li, Lili,Liu, Wei,Wang, Yanchun,Wang, Yiman,Zhou, Meiling. "Sc2O3-W matrix impregnated cathode with spherical grains". . p. 2103 - 2108. Retrieved 2008.
• 6、 Singla, Gourav,Singh,Pandey. "Study on single step solid state synthesis of WC@C nanocomposite and electrochemical stability of synthesized WC@C & Pt/WC@C for alcohol oxidation (methanol/ethanol)". . p. 186 - 196. Retrieved 2016.
• 7、 Taylor, Marie N.,Zhou, Wu,Garcia, Tomas,Solsona, Benjamin,Carley, Albert F.,Kiely, Christopher J.,Taylor, Stuart H.. "Synergy between tungsten and palladium supported on titania for the catalytic total oxidation of propane". . p. 103 - 114. Retrieved 2012.
• 8、 Papageorgopoulos,Kamaratos. "Adsorption and desorption of Se on Si(100)2×1: Surface restoration". . p. 173 - 182. Retrieved 2000.
• 9、 Kamins,Bradbury,Cass,Laderman,Reid. "STRUCTURE OF LPCVD TUNGSTEN FILMS FOR IC APPLICATIONS.". . p. 2555 - 2559. Retrieved 1986.
• 10、 Van Hoornick, Nausikaae B. H.,Van Hoeymissen, Jan A. B.,Heyns, Marc M.. "Recovery of tungsten from the exhaust of a tungsten chemical vapor deposition tool". . p. 4665 - 4670. Retrieved 2000.