Refernces
10.1021/ja803413f
The research discusses the thermal C1-C5 diradical cyclization of enediynes, a reaction that has implications for the mode of action of natural enediyne antitumor antibiotics. The study computationally screened various benzannulated enediynes substituted with aryl groups to evaluate the feasibility of C1-C5 cyclization and found that the activation energy for this pathway can be significantly reduced by electronic and steric effects. Experiments involved the synthesis and thermolysis of compound 8, a benzannulated enediyne with 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl groups, which was chosen for its synthetic convenience and the expectation that the additional groups would impede the Bergman cyclization. The thermolysis was conducted in toluene at 260 °C, and the products were analyzed using techniques such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS, and X-ray crystallography. The results showed the formation of indene derivatives 9 and 10, arising from the C1-C5 cyclization, with no Bergman cyclization products observed. The study also considered the possibility of transfer hydrogenation reactions in the presence of 1,4-cyclohexadiene (1,4-CHD) and provided evidence for the direct thermal C1-C5 cyclization pathway.
10.1021/jo101238x
The research focuses on the nucleophilic cycloaromatization of ynamide-terminated enediynes, which are compounds with potential applications in the development of new antibiotics. The study aims to understand how the introduction of a nitrogen atom at one of the acetylenic termini of benzannulated cyclic enediynes affects the Bergman cyclization, a reaction known for its role in the cytotoxicity of certain enediyne antibiotics. The researchers found that this nitrogen substitution completely suppresses the conventional radical Bergman reaction, favoring a polar cycloaromatization process catalyzed by acids. This reaction proceeds via initial protonation of the ynamide fragment, leading to the formation of a ketenimmonium cation that cyclizes to produce a naphthyl cation. The naphthyl cation can then react with nucleophiles or undergo Friedel-Crafts addition to aromatic compounds. The research concluded that the size of the ring in the enediyne structure plays a significant role in determining the reaction outcome, with smaller rings favoring cyclization. The chemicals used in this process include various enediynes with different ring sizes, ynamide-terminated enediynes, p-toluenesulfonic acid as a catalyst, and a range of solvents such as alcohols, benzene, and 1,4-cyclohexadiene. The study provides insights into the reactivity of these complex organic molecules and contributes to the understanding of their potential as antineoplastic agents.
10.1002/chem.201603722
The study primarily investigates the behavior of hydroperoxyl (HOOC) and alkylperoxyl (ROOC) radicals in hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reactions, with a focus on their interaction with 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-6-chromanol (TOH), an analogue of vitamin E. The researchers used 1,4-cyclohexadiene (CHD) and styrene as substrates to monitor the autoxidation rate in various organic solvents, which served as a means to assess the reactivity of HOOC and ROOC with TOH. The purpose of these chemicals was to understand how HOOC radicals, which are implicated in oxidative damage in biological systems, behave differently from ROOC radicals during H-atom transfer and how they affect the regeneration of TOH, providing insights into the antioxidant properties of vitamin E and the role of solvent effects on these reactions.
10.1021/jo00026a006
The research focuses on the preparation and isomerization of 1-phenylseleno 1,3-dienes, with the aim of understanding the mechanistic reasoning behind the observed selectivities in arene deprotonation and the stereochemical lability of these dienes under photochemical and thermal conditions. The researchers found that the transfer of alkenyl groups from zirconium to selenium is completely stereospecific, and the phenylseleno dienes isomerize to form an equilibrium mixture of stereoisomers under light or heat. Key chemicals used in the process include various 1-ene-3-yne substrates, zirconium-based reagents such as Cp2Zr(H)Cl and Cp2Zr(D)Cl, phenylseleno reagents like N-(phenylseleno)phthalimide (N-PSP) and its derivatives, as well as 1,4-cyclohexadiene, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT), and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as radical initiators or inhibitors.