Potassium

Base Information

• Chemical Name: Potassium
• CAS No.: 7440-09-7
• Molecular Formula: K
• Molecular Weight: 39.0983
• Hs Code.: 2827 39 85
• European Community (EC) Number: 231-119-8
• ICSC Number: 0716
• UN Number: 2257,1420
• Wikipedia: Potassium
• Wikidata: Q703
• NCI Thesaurus Code: C765
• RXCUI: 8588
• Mol file: 7440-09-7.mol

Synonyms:Potassium

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Chemical Property of Potassium

Chemical Property:

• Appearance/Colour: soft silvery metal
• Vapor Pressure: 0.09 mm Hg ( 260 °C)
• Melting Point: 63.38 °C
• Refractive Index: n20/D 1.334
• Boiling Point: 759 °C
• PSA: 0.00000
• Density: 0.862 g/cm³
• LogP: 0.11250
• Storage Temp.: 2-8°C
• Sensitive.: Air & Moisture Sensitive
• Solubility.: H2O: soluble
• Water Solubility.: reacts
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 0
• Rotatable Bond Count: 0
• Exact Mass: 38.96370648
• Heavy Atom Count: 1
• Complexity: 0
• Transport DOT Label: Dangerous When Wet

Purity/Quality:

Safty Information:

• Pictogram(s): F,C
• Hazard Codes: F,C,Xi,T
• Statements: 14/15-34-36/38-23/24/25
• Safety Statements: 8-43-45-5B-5*-36/37/39-26-5-27

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Total 1 MSDS from other Authors

Useful:

• Chemical Classes: Metals -> Elements, Metallic
• Canonical SMILES: [K]
• Recent ClinicalTrials: Prevention of Dysrhythmias on the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit - Does Maintenance of High-normal Serum Potassium Levels Matter
• Recent NIPH Clinical Trials: Diet improvement program
• Effects of Short Term Exposure: See ICSC 0357 (potassium hydroxide).
• Physical Properties: Silvery metal; body-centered cubic structure; imparts crimson-red color to flame; density 0.862g/cm3 at 20oC; melts at 63.25oC; density of liquid potassium at 100oC is 0.819 g/cm3 and 0.771g/cm3 at 300oC; vaporizes at 760oC; vapor pressure 123 torr at 587oC; electrical resistivity 6.1 microhm-cm at 0oC and 15.31 microhm-cm at 100oC; viscosity 0.25 centipoise at 250oC; surface tension 86 dynes/cm at 100oC; thermal neutron absorption cross section 2.07 barns; reacts violently with water and acids; reacts with alcohol; dissolves in liquid ammonia and mercury.
• Description: Potassium has atomic number 19 and the chemical symbol K, which is derived from its Latin name kalium . Potassium was first isolated from potash, which is potassium carbonate (K2CO3). Potassium occurs in nature only in the form of its ion (K+) either dissolved in the ocean or coordinated in minerals because elemental potassium reacts violently with water . Potassium ions are essential for the human body and are also present in plants. The major use of K+ can be found in fertilisers, which contains a variety of potassium salts such as potassium chloride (KCl), potassium sulfate (K2SO4) and potassium nitrate (KNO3).
• Physical properties: Elemental potassium is a soft, butter-like silvery metal whose cut surface oxidizes in dryair to form a dark gray potassium superoxide (KO2) coating. KO2 is an unusual compound,in that it reacts with both water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen gas. It appears morelike a hard wax than a metal. Its density (specific gravity) is 0.862 g/cm3, its melting point is63.25°C, and its boiling point is 760°C. It has an oxidation state of +1 and reacts explosivelywith room temperature air or water to form potassium hydroxide as follows: 2K + 2 H2O→? 2KOH + H2. This is an endothermic reaction, which means the heat generated is greatenough to ignite the liberated hydrogen gas. Potassium metal must be stored in a non-oxygen,non-aqueous environment such as kerosene or naphtha.
• Uses: Some of the most common compounds in 19th century photography were made with this silvery metallic element discovered by Sir Humphrey Davy in 1807. There is not enough room in this work to list all of these compounds, but the following represent a reasonable sampling. In synthesis of inorganic potassium Compounds; in organic syntheses involving condensation, dehalogenation, reduction, and polymerization reactions. As heat transfer medium together with sodium: Chem. Eng. News 33, 648 (1955). Radioactive decay of 40K to 40Ar used as tool for geological dating. Liquid potassium, when mixed with liquid sodium (NaK), is an alloy used as a heatexchange substance to cool nuclear reactors. Potassium is an important reagent (something that is used in chemical reactions to analyze other substances) that forms many compounds used in chemical and industrial laboratories. It is used to manufacture both hard and soft soaps, as a bleaching agent, and where a highly caustic chemical is required. Potassium is essential to all living organisms. It is a trace element required for a healthy diet and is found in many foods. One natural source is bananas. Potassium is used in the manufacture ofmany reactive potassium salts, in organicsynthesis, and as a heat exchange fluid whenalloyed with sodium.

Technology Process of Potassium

There total 148 articles about Potassium which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:

Reference yield: 90.0%

potassium hydroxide → potassium (7440-09-7)

Guidance literature:

With pyrographite; In neat (no solvent); reduction of a small amount KOH starts at 700°C (in vac.) and proceeds at 900 °C;;

Reference yield: 80.0%

potassium sulfate → potassium (7440-09-7)

Guidance literature:

With iron; In neat (no solvent); byproducts: Fe2O3, FeS; heating react. mixture in a special apparatus for 2 h at 1000 °C, 1mm Hg; using of rough Fe-splints possible; further by-products: SO2 and O2;;

Reference yield: 80.0%

potassium tungstate → potassium (7440-09-7)

Guidance literature:

With zirconium; In neat (no solvent); K2WO4 + Zr (1:4), start of react.: 570 °C, calm react. process, yield: about 80% K, no oxide;;

upstream raw materials:

potassium carbonate

sodium

aluminium

potassium fluoride

Downstream raw materials:

sodium tetraethylaluminate

aluminium

potassium hydroxide

cadmium

Refernces

• 1、 Herbstein, F. H.,Ron, G.,Weissman, A.. "". . . Retrieved 1971.
• 2、 Fischer,Cancarevic,Schoen,Jansen. "Synthesis and Structure of K3N". . p. 156 - 160. Retrieved 2004.
• 3、 Wibowo, Rahmat,Aldous, Leigh,Jacobs, Robert M.J.,Manan, Ninie S.A.,Compton, Richard G.. "Monitoring potassium metal electrodeposition from an ionic liquid using in situ electrochemical-X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy". . p. 72 - 76. Retrieved 2011.
• 4、 Crane, W. O.,Christy, A.. "". . p. 421 - 421. Retrieved 1930.
• 5、 Plane, John M. C.,Husain, David. "Measurement of the Absolute Third-Order Rate Constant for the Reaction between K+I+He by Time-Resolved Atomic Resonance Fluorescence Monitoring of Iodine Atoms in the Vacuum Ultraviolet(I(5p46s(2P3/2))-(I(5p46s(2P03/2))) Coupled with Steady Atomic Resonance Fluorescence ...". . p. 501 - 507. Retrieved 1986.
• 6、 Azatyan. "Fast reactions of atom substitution from polyatomic molecules and solid salts by thermally equilibrated atomic reactants". . p. 149 - 163. Retrieved 2008/10/08.