Cadmium

Base Information

• Chemical Name: Cadmium
• CAS No.: 7440-43-9
• Molecular Formula: Cd
• Molecular Weight: 112.41
• Hs Code.: 8107 20 00
• European Community (EC) Number: 231-152-8
• ICSC Number: 0020
• UN Number: 2570
• UNII: 00BH33GNGH
• DSSTox Substance ID: DTXSID1023940
• Nikkaji Number: J1.458.542G,J3.731A
• Wikipedia: Cadmium
• Wikidata: Q1091,Q27123516
• NCI Thesaurus Code: C44348
• Mol file: 7440-43-9.mol

Synonyms:Cadmium

Chemical Property of Cadmium

Chemical Property:

• Appearance/Colour: silvery white metal
• Vapor Pressure: 1.3 hPa (394 °C)
• Melting Point: 320.9ºC
• Boiling Point: 765ºC
• PSA: 0.00000
• Density: 8.642
• LogP: -0.00250
• Storage Temp.: >15°C -
• Solubility.: 8.2mg/l insoluble
• Water Solubility.: insoluble H2O; reacts with dilute HNO3, slowly with hot HCl [MER06]
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 0
• Rotatable Bond Count: 0
• Exact Mass: 113.903365
• Heavy Atom Count: 1
• Complexity: 0
• Transport DOT Label: Poison

Purity/Quality:

98%min ^*data from raw suppliers

Cadmium foil, 100x100mm, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.99% ^*data from reagent suppliers

Safty Information:

• Pictogram(s): TT+NFXi
• Hazard Codes: T,N,T+,F,Xi
• Statements: 45-50/53-68-63-62-48/23/25-26-17-36/38-20/21/22
• Safety Statements: 53-45-61-60-43-7/8-26

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Total 1 MSDS from other Authors

Useful:

• Chemical Classes: UVCB,Metals -> Cadmium Compounds,Inorganic
• Canonical SMILES: [Cd]
• Recent EU Clinical Trials: A Study To Evaluate The Safety And Efficacy Of IPX066
• Inhalation Risk: A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed, especially if powdered.
• Effects of Short Term Exposure: The fume is irritating to the respiratory tract. Inhalation of fumes may cause lung oedema. Inhalation of fumes may cause metal fume fever. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.
• Effects of Long Term Exposure: Repeated or prolonged inhalation of dust particles may cause effects on the lungs. The substance may have effects on the kidneys. This may result in kidney impairment. This substance is carcinogenic to humans.
• Description: Cadmium is a grey-white, soft, blue-white malleable, lustrous metal. It is insoluble in cold water, hot water, methanol, diethyl ether, and n-octanol. It is stable and incompatible with strong oxidising agents, nitrates, nitric acid, selenium, and zinc, and the powdered metal may be pyrophoric and flammable. Cadmium is associated with occupations such as industrial processes, metal plating, and production of nickel– cadmium batteries, pigments, plastics, and other synthetics. Cadmium metal is produced as a by-product from the extraction, smelting, and refining of the non-ferrous metals zinc, lead, and copper. In view of the unique properties, cadmium metal and cadmium compounds are used as pigments, stabilisers, coatings, specialty alloys, and electronic compounds.
• Physical properties: Cadmium is a soft, blue-white metal that is malleable and ductile although it becomesbrittle at about 80°C. It is also found as a grayish-white powder. It is considered rare and isseldom found by itself as an ore. Its melting point at 320.9°C is considered low. Its boilingpoint is 765°C, and its density is 8.65 g/cm3. Certain alloys of cadmium have extremely lowmelting points at about 70°C.
• Uses: Batteries, including Ni-Cd storage batteries; coating and electroplating steel and cast iron; pigments; plastic stabilizers; constituent of low melting or easily fusible alloys, e.g., Lichtenberg's, Abel's, Lipowitz', Newton's, and Wood's metal; electronics and optics; soft solder and solder for aluminum; reactor control rods; hardener for copper; catalytsts. A soft bluish metal, cadmium is extremely toxic, particularly in the compounds used for photography. It is found in zinc ores and in the mineral greenockite (CdS). Cadmium is used in electroplating, in nickelcadmiumstorage batteries, as a coating forother metals, in bearing and low-meltingalloys, and as control rods in nuclear reactors.Cadmium compounds have numerousapplications, including dyeing and printingtextiles, as TV phosphors, as pigments andenamels, and in semiconductors and solarcells.Vegetables and cereals are the main sourcesof dietary Cd while meat and fish contain themetal to a lesser extent.. Cadmium alloyed with silver forms a type of solder with a low melting point. It is used tojoin electrical junctions and other specialized metallic components. Precautions are required since it is a toxic substance. (Note: This is not the same as common solder used to join metals,which is relatively safe.) Other cadmium alloys are used to manufacture long-wearing bearingsand as thin coatings for steel to prevent corrosion.Cadmium is a neutron absorber, making it useful as control rods in nuclear reactors. Therods are raised to activate the reactor and then lowered into the reactor to absorb neutronsthat halt the fission reaction.Cadmium, along with nickel, forms a nickel-cadmium alloy used to manufacture “nicadbatteries” that are shaped the same as regular small dry-cell batteries. . cadmium is highly toxic elements. Cadmium can often be found in batteries.cadmium form the corresponding oxide when heated under oxygen. cadmium follow the general formula MX2 and are either insoluble (X=F) in water or show a low aqueous solubility.

Technology Process of Cadmium

There total 267 articles about Cadmium which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:

Reference yield:

cadmium diphosphate → phosphonic Acid (13598-36-2) + tricadmium phosphate + phosphan (7803-51-2) + cadmium (7440-43-9)

Guidance literature:

With hydrogen; In neat (no solvent); calcination in a stream of H; sublimation of Cd and H3PO3, evolution of PH3 and formation of Cd3(PO4)2 as residue;;

Reference yield:

cadmium(II) chloride (10108-64-2) → chlorine (7782-50-5) + cadmium (7440-43-9)

Guidance literature:

With NaCl or KCl; In neat (no solvent); Electrolysis; electrolysis of molten CdCl2 at 650 °C; current efficiency increases with addition of excess of NaCl or KCl;;

Reference yield:

nickel arsenide (12255-80-0,12256-33-6,1303-13-5,27016-75-7,1303-22-6) + cadmium(II) oxide → trisodium arsenate + nickel (7440-02-0) + cadmium (7440-43-9)

Guidance literature:

With sodium hydroxide; In melt; byproducts: H2O; in molten NaOH; analogous reaction with natural arsenides;

upstream raw materials:

cadmium(II)

potassium

water

zinc(II) cyanide

Downstream raw materials:

Cd⁽¹⁸⁾O

cadmium(II) iodide

CdI2, hexagonal, 4H

cadmium(II) stearate

Refernces

• 1、 Cochrane, W.. "". . p. 723 - 735. Retrieved 1936.
• 2、 Dumbrava,Ciupina,Jurca,Prodan,Segal,Brezeanu. "Synthesis of cadmium complex sulfides nanoparticles by thermal decomposition". . p. 399 - 405. Retrieved 2005.
• 3、 Olczak-Kobza. "Synthesis and thermal analysis of cadmium complexes of imidazole and its derivatives". . p. 129 - 134. Retrieved 2001.
• 4、 Tang, Zhan,Zhang, Jian-Guo,Liu, Zhen-Hua,Zhang, Tong-Lai,Yang, Li,Qiao, Xiao-Jing. "Synthesis, structural characterization and thermal analysis of a high nitrogen-contented cadmium (II) coordination polymer based on 1,5-diaminotetrazole". . p. 8 - 12. Retrieved 2011.
• 5、 Varentsova,Varentsov. "Recovery of cadmium and change in properties of a fibrous carbon electrode in electrolytic processing of ammonia washing solutions formed in cadmium plating". . p. 241 - 247. Retrieved 2007.
• 6、 Oeser, E.. "". . p. 699 - 716. Retrieved 1935.
• 7、 Kar, Soumitra,Ghoshal, Tandra,Chaudhuri, Subhadra. "Simple thermal evaporation route to synthesize Zn and Cd metal nanowires". . p. 174 - 178. Retrieved 2006.
• 8、 Krumm,Guel,Schmitz,Staikov. "Nucleation and growth in electrodeposition of metals on n-Si(111)". . p. 3255 - 3262. Retrieved 2000.
• 9、 Young, W. T.,Kersten, H.. "". . p. 426 - 426. Retrieved 1936.
• 10、 Montiel,Solorza,Sanchez. "Study of cadmium electrochemical deposition in sulfate medium". . p. 1031 - 1037. Retrieved 2000.