Multi-step reaction with 12 steps
1: lithium hexamethyldisilazane / tetrahydrofuran / 3 h / -20 - 20 °C
2: iron; water / ethanol / 10 h / 20 °C
3: toluene-4-sulfonic acid / toluene / 14 h / Dean-Stark; Reflux
4: acetic acid; sodium cyanoborohydride / ethanol / 4 h / 50 °C
5: hydrogenchloride / 1,4-dioxane / 12 h / 50 °C
6: 3 h / 100 °C
7: (1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene)palladium(II) dichloride; caesium carbonate / 1,4-dioxane; water / 3 h / 90 °C / Inert atmosphere
8: (R)-2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)-1,1'-binaphthyl; zinc; palladium diacetate; sulfuric acid / N,N-dimethyl acetamide / 16 h / 80 °C / Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube
9: N-Bromosuccinimide / chloroform / 1.5 h / Reflux
10: Chiralpak IB, 21×250 mm / methanol; carbon dioxide / Resolution of racemate; liquid CO2
11: N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine; potassium fluoride / dimethyl sulfoxide / 16 h / 100 °C / Sealed tube
12: hydroxylamine hydrochloride; sodium hydrogencarbonate / water; ethanol / 1 h / 100 °C
With
hydrogenchloride; (1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene)palladium(II) dichloride; potassium fluoride; N-Bromosuccinimide; sulfuric acid; hydroxylamine hydrochloride; water; palladium diacetate; iron; sodium cyanoborohydride; sodium hydrogencarbonate; caesium carbonate; toluene-4-sulfonic acid; acetic acid; (R)-2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)-1,1'-binaphthyl; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine; lithium hexamethyldisilazane; zinc;
In
tetrahydrofuran; 1,4-dioxane; methanol; ethanol; chloroform; N,N-dimethyl acetamide; carbon dioxide; water; dimethyl sulfoxide; toluene;